Free running period affected by network structures of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons exposed to constant light

Exposed to the natural light-dark cycle,24 h rhythms exist in behavioral and physiological processes of living beings.Interestingly,under constant darkness or constant light,living beings can maintain a robust endogenous rhythm with a free running period(FRP)close to 24 h.In mammals,the circadian rhythm is coordinated by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)of the brain,which is composed of about twenty thousand self-oscillating neurons.These SCN neurons form a heterogenous network to output a robust rhythm.Thus far,the exact network topology of the SCN neurons is unknown.In this article,we examine the effect of the SCN network structure on the FRP when exposed to constant light by a Poincare model.Four typical network structures are considered,including a nearest-neighbor coupled network,a Newman-Watts small world network,an Erd¨os-Renyi random network and a Barabasi-Albert(BA)scale free network.The results show that the FRP is longest in the BA network,because the BA network is characterized by the most heterogeneous structure among these four types of networks.These findings are not affected by the average node degree of the SCN network or the value of relaxation rate of the SCN neuronal oscillators.Our findings contribute to the understanding of how the network structure of the SCN neurons influences the FRP.

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Light-Sensitive Red-Root Mutant in Rice

The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to turn slight-red when the roots were exposed to the light at the intensity of 29 ）Jmol/（m^2·s）, then turned dark-red at the light intensity of 180 pmol/（m^2·s）, suggesting that the root color of the mutant was evidently sensitive to light. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the character of light-sensitive red-root of the HG1 mutant was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated as Lsr. With simple sequence repeat markers, Lsrgene was located between the markers RM252 and RM303 on chromosome 4 with the genetic distances of 9.8 cM and 6.4 cM, respectively. These results could be useful for fine mapping and cloning of Lsrgene in rice.

Azo-Dye Doped Polymers as an Universal Light Polarization Sensitive Photo Material

The properties of the polarization sensitized material with the wide possibilities,on the basis of azo-dye doped polymers,are reviewed and analyzed shortly.Some experimental results obtained on these materials in the polarization holography andphotography on the basis of Weigert’s effect are briefly described.In particular,with the help of these materials,the results ofholographic recording and reconstruction of the polarization characteristics of the light field have been significantly improved.Wereobtained holographic diffractive optical elements with the highest diffraction efficiency,such as diffraction gratings and zone plates(Fresnel lenses),which have no analogues among the known ones.Was observed self-recording phenomenon in a dynamicholographic recording and recovery process.The prospects of using the given materials in the photography for obtaining polarimetricimages of various objects,including celestial bodies,were shown.

PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION INITIATED BY DIMETHYLAMINOCHALCONE/DIPHENYLIODONIUM SALT COMBINATION SYSTEM SENSITIVE TO VISIBLE LIGHT

Several dimethylamino-substituted chalcone (i .e. dimethylaminobenzal acetophenone) (DBA) derivatives with intramolecular charge transfer transition character were used as visible light sensitizers for radical photopolymerization initiated by iodonium salt (DPIO). Initiating radical species is produced from DBA sensitized photolysis of DPIO through the single electron transfer, accompanying the bleaching of DBA, The activity of DBA decreases as a function of substituent attached to phenyl ring in the order: DBA-2 (OCH_3) >DBA-1(H)> DBA-3 (Cl). The kinetic study on photopolymerization of MMA was carried out in CH_3CN solution at 30 ℃ by dilatometry. The polymerization rate was determined to be proportional to the concentration with exponents of 0.42, 0.25 and 0.86 for DPIO, DBA-1 and MMA, respectively.

Light weight analysis of a skeleton vehicle frame using BS960 super-high-strength steel

Static strength finite element analysis was conducted to decrease the weight of a skeleton vehicle＇s frame. Results indicated that the maximum stress occurs on the front beam ＇s variable section area. Dynamic sensitivity analysis elucidated the relationship between the maximum stress and the thickness of a particular beam,e. g.,top,middle,and bottom beam. Displacement was analyzed by the key part that influenced the maximum stress. Finally,the new plan using BS960 super-high-strength beam steel and the preferred beam thickness was compared with the original plan. New combinations of beam thickness were introduced on the basis of different purposes; the maximum responding light w eight ratio was 21%.

Morphological and functional changes in the macular area in diabetic macular edema after a single intravitreal injection of aflibercept

AIM:To evaluate the changes in macular morphology and function after a single intravitreal injection of aflibercept in diabetic macular edema(DME)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and MP-3 microperimetry.METHODS:Twenty-eight patients(42 eyes)diagnosed with DME were treated with intravitreal injection of aflibercept.The changes in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness(CRT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area,vessel density of superficial retinal capillary plexus(SVD),vessel density of deep retinal capillary plexus(DVD),mean light sensitivity(MLS),2°fixation rate(P1),4°fixation rate(P2),and other indicators 1mo after treatment were compared;of these,BCVA was conver ted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR),and the correlation among the factors was analyzed.RESULTS:After treatment,logMAR BCVA was 0.47±0.24,which was significantly better than that before treatment(0.63±0.28,P<0.001).The CRT was 359.21±107.87μm after treatment,which was significantly lower than before treatment(474.10±138.20μm,P<0.001).The FAZ area,SVD,and DVD were not significantly changed after treatment compared with the baseline.MLS was 22.16±4.20 dB after treatment,which was significantly higher than before treatment(19.63±4.23 dB,P<0.001).P2 significantly increased after treatment than before treatment(P=0.007).P1 had no significant change after treatment than before treatment(P=0.086).CONCLUSION:A single intravitreal injection of aflibercept effectively reduces macular edema and improves retinal sensitivity,fixation stability,and visual acuity,possibly without causing significant changes in the retinal vascular condition in a short time.

Integrative analysis of in vivo recording with single-cell RNA-seq data reveals molecular properties of light-sensitive neurons in mouse V1

Vision formation is classically based on projections from retinal ganglion cells(RGC)to the lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN)and the primary visual cortex(V1).Neurons in the mouse V1 are tuned to light stimuli.Although the cellular information of the retina and the LGN has been widely studied,the transcriptome profiles of single light-stimulated neuron in V1 remain unknown.In our study,in vivo calcium imaging and whole-cell electrophysiological patch-clamp recording were utilized to identify 53 individual cells from layer 2/3 of V1 as lightsensitive(LS)or non-light-sensitive(NS)by single-cell light-evoked calcium evaluation and action potential spiking.The contents of each cell after functional tests were aspirated in vivo through a patch-clamp pipette for mRNA sequencing.Moreover,the three-dimensional(3-D)morphological characterizations of the neurons were reconstructed in a live mouse after the whole-cell recordings.Our sequencing results indicated that V1 neurons with a high expression of genes related to transmission regulation,such as Rtn4r and Rgs7,and genes involved in membrane transport,such as Na+/K+ATPase and NMDA-type glutamatergic receptors,preferentially responded to light stimulation.Furthermore,an antagonist that blocks Rtn4r signals could inactivate the neuronal responses to light stimulation in live mice.In conclusion,our findings of the vivo-seq analysis indicate the key role of the strength of synaptic transmission possesses neurons in V1 of light sensory.

High-sensitivity temperature sensor based on Bragg grating in BDK-doped photosensitive polymer optical fiber

A single-mode polymer optical fiber （POF） with highly photosensitive core doped with benzil dimethyl ketal （BDK） is fabricated and used for writing Bragg grating through the two-beam interference method. The Bragg wavelength of the grating is about 1570 nm, while the full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） of the reflection peak is 0.3 nm. The temperature response of POF Bragg grating is theoretically analyzed and experimentally measured in contrast to silica optical fiber Bragg grating （FBG）. The result shows that the temperature character of POF Bragg grating is negative, which is opposite to the silica optical FBG. The absolute value of the temperature response of POF Bragg grating is one order of magnitude higher than that of the silica optical FBG, making POF Bragg grating appear to be very attractive for constructing temperature sensors with high resolution.

Photosensitivity and photoluminescence of Sn/Yb codoped silica optical fiber preform

Sn/Yb codoped silica optical fiber preform is prepared by the modified chemical vapor deposition （MCVD） followed by the solution-doping method. Ultraviolet （UV） optical absorption, photoluminescence （PL） spectra under 978-nm laser diode （LD） pumping, and refractive index change after exposure to 266-nm laser pulses are obtained. There is only a little change in the PL spectra while a positive refractive index change up to 2×10^-4 is observed after 30-min exposure to 266-nm laser pulses. The results show that both of the peculiar photosensitivity of Smdoped silica and the gain property of Yb-doped silica fiber are preserved in the Sn/Yb codoped silica optical fiber preform. The experimental data suggest that the photosensitivity of the fiber preform under high energy density laser irradiation should be mainly due to the bond-breaking of oxygen deficient defects, while under relatively low energy density laser irradiation, the refractive index change probably originates from the photoconversion of optically active defects.

KrF excimer laser-fabricated Bragg grating in optical microfiber made from pre-etched conventional photosensitive fiber

A method to fabricate fiber Bragg grating （FBG） in an optical microfiber （OM） from a conventional photosensitive fiber is proposed in this letter. The cladding of a conventional photosensitive fiber is etched to 17 pro. The etched fiber is drawn to an OM 6μm in diameter. The photosensitivity of the fabricated OM is effectively reserved. A FBG in the OM （MFBG） is successfully fabricated using a KrF excimer laser at a fluence of 400 mJ/cm2 through a phase mask with a pitch of 1 089.3 nm. The reflectivity of the FBG is approximately 10%, and the 3-dB spectrum bandwidth is 0.13 nm. The concentration of brine is measured by immersing the MFBG in the liquid, and the minimum detectable refractive index variation can reach 7.2×10^-5 at a refractive index value of 1.33.

Low birefringence depressed cladding photosensitive fiber

The highly Ge-doped photosensitive fiber （PSF） has been widely used in the fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs）. Its birefringence and cladding mode coupling characteristics greatly influence FBG＇s transmission feature in communication application areas. In this work, a new concept of the PSF is introduced which, along with an optimized birefringence design, a precisely controlled fabrication process, and a cladding mode depressed design, results in a written FBG with -25-dB clad mode-depressed ratio and a polarization mode dispersion value less than 0.045 ps.

脂质体内金纳米星的原位合成以及在药物释放和光声造影上的应用（英文）

本文通过在脂质体内还原金的前体HAuCl_4原位合成了金纳米星.这种设计跟常用的在脂质体内装载金纳米球的方法相比,优点是方便快捷的同时实现了金纳米材料的形成和装载.通过改变实验条件,合成的金纳米星具有可控的尺寸,以及在可见区到近红外区之间的可控吸收光谱.作为一个例子,我们在脂质体内合成了最大吸收在803 nm的金纳米星.这种材料具有温度敏感性,在近红外区可以产生比血液好1.5倍的光声造影信号.当我们把抗癌药物阿霉素装载到这种脂质体内时,近红外区的激光照射可以在10秒内触发药物100%的释放.相对应的,不含纳米星的脂质体在同等条件下只能释放10%的药物,也不具备光声造影的信号增强.最后,我们在癌细胞内测试了该脂质体的疗效,初步验证了该体系的应用前景.