The Optimal Design of Lighting Systems for Designated Office Building in Thailand

This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promotion Act （No. 2） B.E. 2550 of Ministry of Energy （Section--The Type or Size of Building Standards and Rules and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552） are compared based on illumination standard for office building in term of energy consumption, return of investment and environmental impact. Firstly, the Type or Size of Building Standards and Rule and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552 is reviewed and compared with the conventional designs of lighting system for office building. Next, the lifetime energy consumption of fluorescent lamp T5 with electronic ballast, fluorescent lamp T8 with standard ballast and fluorescent lamp T8 with electronic ballast are simulated using DIALux software program in three sizes office buildings. Then, the payback period and CO2 emission of lighting system for selected office building are simulated by various scenarios, which the analytical results show are the optimal lighting system for office building under the present situation. Finally, the optimal design of lighting system for designated office building in Thailand will be discussed with respect to the energy performance with environmental friendly.

Simulation Study of Heliostat-Based Daylighting System for Multi-Story Buildings

The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in Journal of Power and Energy Engineering Vol.3 No.4, April 2015, has been removed from this site.

Automotive Lighting Systems Based on Luminance/Intensity Grids: A Proposal Based on Real-Time Monitoring and Control for Safer Driving

The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Consequently,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely ignored.Other factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(ADB)and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road users.Evidently,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other vehicles.However the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road conditions.The solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the drivers.This study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.

Design of Energy Saving Lighting System in University Classroom Based on Wireless Sensor Network

In order to reach the objective of intelligence and energy saving for university classroom lighting, energy saving lighting control system in university classroom based on wireless sensor network is designed, including design of sensor node and sink, as well as corresponding development of control program and upper-computer software. The system sets single-chip Ameg16 as control center, realizes communication between nodes via nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module, and realizes communication between sink and upper computer via w5100 wireless internet module. It perceives illumination intensity via photoconductor, detects the human body position via infrared pyroelectric sensor, and places the sensor node on the lamp, so the light can be controlled according to position of human body and current illumination intensity, which can realize energy saving to a large extent on condition that lighting requirement is satisfied. The system has low cost, and there is no need to change the original lighting circuit. The light can be turned off by hand, and when multi-media are used for the class, light can keep off even it is dim. In addition, this system has the function of automatic fault report, which is convenient for property maintenance.

The Influence of Tunable LED Lighting Systems on Consumer Food Label Perceptions

A study was conducted in a grocery store simulation lab at a large Mid-Western university to measure consumer perceptions of meat package label design variations under different LED lighting conditions. A quasi-experimental approach using a multi-group between-within subjects’ post-test only design measured participants’ responses to the novel meat labels. Philip’s HUE consumer LED light bulbs were varied with different colors over beef steak package labels from 2700 K (RED) - 7000 K (BLUE). Goose neck lamps over the packages were used to create the display lighting simulations. The researchers determined that there was evidence of label and lighting interactions which influenced consumer perceptions of nutrition label information both between and within subject groups.

Distributed Intelligent Lighting System by Performing New Model for Illuminance and Color Temperature in the Workplace

A new approach has been proposed to improve the performance of the in-telligent lighting system by estimating personal illuminance and desired color temperature at the workplace. We are considering the problem of using the sensing devices manually for the intelligent lighting system. The lighting control system has not become useful without sensing devices to measure the provided illuminance and color temperature. In this paper, we have used the property of light for the color temperature to estimate the level of color temperature for each user at the workplace. The new method will give personal illuminance for each user at the workplace and decrease the power consumption of the environment as well. As a result, the proposed method of the intelligent lighting system has realized the target of illuminance and color temperature for each user at the workplace by adapting dimming levels using illuminance sensing information for each user. Thus, the energy of the workplace has reduced by using a distributed luminance to realize the target for each user.

Particularities in the Design of Underwater Lighting Systems

The light propagation medium determines the way in which the light is perceived by the observer’s eye.As water is a good transmitter and diffuser,when designing an underwater lighting system there are features in addition to be analyzed,which complement the common considerations for usual artificial lighting systems.The paper aims to present in detail a luminaire calculation method for 4 different types of pools with clear and transparent water(three recreational swimming pools of same size and depth,situated in interior and exterior and one small training interior swimming pool having the size of a quarter of professional competition type).There is a proposed formula for determining the number of floodlights,depending on water surface,immersion depth,average illumination on surface,uniformity,luminous flux of the light source and a water light distribution coefficient.There are highlighted specific variable parameters to be taken into account to meet the visual requirements mentioned in regulations.Depending on the application,visual comfort can be easily disturbed by the changing criteria of ambiance or surroundings,thus diminishing the visual performance.

Design of Protograph LDPC-Coded MIMO-VLC Systems with Generalized Spatial Modulation

This paper investigates the bit-interleaved coded generalized spatial modulation(BICGSM) with iterative decoding(BICGSM-ID) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) visible light communications(VLC). In the BICGSM-ID scheme, the information bits conveyed by the signal-domain(SiD) symbols and the spatial-domain(SpD) light emitting diode(LED)-index patterns are coded by a protograph low-density parity-check(P-LDPC) code. Specifically, we propose a signal-domain symbol expanding and re-allocating(SSER) method for constructing a type of novel generalized spatial modulation(GSM) constellations, referred to as SSERGSM constellations, so as to boost the performance of the BICGSM-ID MIMO-VLC systems.Moreover, by applying a modified PEXIT(MPEXIT) algorithm, we further design a family of rate-compatible P-LDPC codes, referred to as enhanced accumulate-repeat-accumulate(EARA) codes,which possess both excellent decoding thresholds and linear-minimum-distance-growth property. Both analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed SSERGSM constellations and P-LDPC codes can remarkably improve the convergence and decoding performance of MIMO-VLC systems. Therefore, the proposed P-LDPC-coded SSERGSM-mapped BICGSMID configuration is envisioned as a promising transmission solution to satisfy the high-throughput requirement of MIMO-VLC applications.

Intelligent System Application to Monitor the Smart City Building Lighting

A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality,with energy resources taking precedence.To achieve optimal energy management in themultidimensional system of a city tribe,it is necessary not only to identify and study the vast majority of energy elements,but also to define their implicit interdependencies.This is because optimal energy management is required to reach this objective.The lighting index is an essential consideration when evaluating the comfort indicators.In order to realize the concept of a smart city,the primary objective of this research is to create a system for managing and monitoring the lighting index.It is possible to identify two distinct phaseswithin the intelligent system.Once data collection concludes,the monitoring system will be activated.In the second step,the operation of the control system is analyzed and its effect on the performance of the numerical model is determined.This evaluation is based on the proposed methodology.The optimized resultswere deemed satisfactory because they maintained the brightness index value(79%)while consuming less energy.The intelligent implementation system generated satisfactory outcomes,which were observed 1.75 times on average.

Robust Facial Biometric Authentication System Using Pupillary Light Reflex for Liveness Detection of Facial Images

Pupil dynamics are the important characteristics of face spoofing detection.The face recognition system is one of the most used biometrics for authenticating individual identity.The main threats to the facial recognition system are different types of presentation attacks like print attacks,3D mask attacks,replay attacks,etc.The proposed model uses pupil characteristics for liveness detection during the authentication process.The pupillary light reflex is an involuntary reaction controlling the pupil’s diameter at different light intensities.The proposed framework consists of two-phase methodologies.In the first phase,the pupil’s diameter is calculated by applying stimulus(light)in one eye of the subject and calculating the constriction of the pupil size on both eyes in different video frames.The above measurement is converted into feature space using Kohn and Clynes model-defined parameters.The Support Vector Machine is used to classify legitimate subjects when the diameter change is normal(or when the eye is alive)or illegitimate subjects when there is no change or abnormal oscillations of pupil behavior due to the presence of printed photograph,video,or 3D mask of the subject in front of the camera.In the second phase,we perform the facial recognition process.Scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)is used to find the features from the facial images,with each feature having a size of a 128-dimensional vector.These features are scale,rotation,and orientation invariant and are used for recognizing facial images.The brute force matching algorithm is used for matching features of two different images.The threshold value we considered is 0.08 for good matches.To analyze the performance of the framework,we tested our model in two Face antispoofing datasets named Replay attack datasets and CASIA-SURF datasets,which were used because they contain the videos of the subjects in each sample having three modalities(RGB,IR,Depth).The CASIA-SURF datasets showed an 89.9%Equal Error Rate,while the Replay Attack datasets showed a 92.1%Equal Error Rate.

Myelin histology:a key tool in nervous system research

The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve fibers.Due to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental conditions.Today,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research.In this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining methods.Considering the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.

Hepatomegaly and jaundice as the presenting symptoms of systemic light-chain amyloidosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Light chain(AL)amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the pathologic production and extracellular tissue deposition of fibrillar proteins derived from immunoglobulin AL fragments secreted by a clone of plasma cells,which leads to progressive dysfunction of the affected organs.The two most commonly affected organs are the heart and kidneys,and liver is rarely the dominant affected organ with only 3.9%of cases,making them prone to misdia-gnosis and missed diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old woman was admitted with a 3-mo history of progressive jaundice and marked hepatomegaly.Initially,based on enhanced computed tomography scan and angiography,Budd-Chiari syndrome was considered and balloon dilatation of significant hepatic vein stenoses was performed.However,addi-tional diagnostic procedures,including liver biopsy and bone marrow-exami-nation,revealed immunoglobulin kapa AL amyloidosis with extensive liver involvement and hepatic vascular compression.The disease course was progre-ssive and fatal,and the patient eventually died 5 mo after initial presentation of symptoms.CONCLUSION AL amyloidosis with isolated liver involvement is very rare,and can be easily misdiagnosed as a vascular disease.

An Investigation of Lighting Levels and Sleep Quality

Sleep quality in young adults is compromised. Instead of the recommended 7 hours, young adults’ schedule interruptions disturb sleep to a typical six and a half hours, with common disturbances in falling asleep and staying asleep. Recent literature has identified an association between academic performance, negative mood state and low activity level in young adults with sleep disturbances. Young adulthood is a time for the installation of sleep health. Both individual and schedule impositions to the young adults’ sleep schedule are to be modified to obtain Sleep Health. Recent research has identified daytime light effects on sleep such as blue light from electronics as alerting and low level light for relaxation. The aim of this study was to identify sleep quality effects with varying light exposures. It was hypothesized that bright (>450 lux) light conditions would be considered focusing and low light (<220 lux) would be considered calming. We hypothesized that sleep quality would improve by 5% with the introduction of a calm light condition. Undergraduates from a small midwestern university were invited to participate in the study in exchange for a gift card. Six participants completed the study, two males, four females all between 21 - 24 years old. Both hypotheses were supported by qualitative analysis.

Response of ecosystem carbon storage to land use change from 1985 to 2050 in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin,China

Regional sustainable development necessitates a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage(ECS),particularly in ecologically sensitive areas with arid and semi-arid climate.In this study,we calculated the ECS in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin,China from 1985 to 2020 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model based on land use data.We further predicted the spatial distribution of ECS in 2050 under four land use scenarios:natural development scenario(NDS),ecological protection scenario(EPS),cultivated land protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model,and quantified the influences of natural and human factors on the spatial differentiation of ECS using the geographical detector(Geodetector).Results showed that the total ECS of the study area initially increased from 1985 until reaching a peak at 402.36×10^(6) t in 2010,followed by a decreasing trend to 2050.The spatial distribution of ECS was characterized by high values in the eastern and southern parts of the study area,and low values in the western and northern parts.Between 1985 and 2020,land use changes occurred mainly through the expansion of cultivated land,woodland,and construction land at the expense of unused land.The total ECS in 2050 under different land use scenarios(ranked as EPS>CPS>NDS>UDS)would be lower than that in 2020.Nighttime light was the largest contributor to the spatial differentiation of ECS,with soil type and annual mean temperature being the major natural driving factors.Findings of this study could provide guidance on the ecological construction and high-quality development in arid and semi-arid areas.

Hybrid Prisms: Revolutionizing Optical Systems across Spectral Ranges

This research article introduces and explores the concept of a hybrid prism, which combines the properties of a lens and a reflective prism, designed for optical systems that operate in different spectral ranges of electromagnetic waves. The hybrid prism allows for precise focusing of light rays in a glass body and X-rays in a vacuum, enabling it to serve as an objective in various optical systems for imaging objects. The article delves into the structure and working principles of the hybrid prism, discussing its potential applications, including as an intraocular prism for macular degeneration, a lidar system for vehicle navigation, and objectives for cameras, telescopes, microscopes, X-ray devices, and X-ray microscopes. The revolutionary hybrid prism unlocks precise imaging of light and X-rays, reshaping optical systems and enabling groundbreaking applications.

Analysis of Current Research and Future Development Trends of Applying Solar Energy in Street Lighting

In the context of promoting green energy transition and addressing climate change globally,solar energy,as a clean and renewable energy source,has gradually become a hot topic for research.Solar streetlight systems realize energy self-sufficiency and environment-friendly lighting by integrating photovoltaic power generation technology and efficient LED lighting technology.By comprehensively analyzing the current status of the application of solar streetlights at home and abroad,this paper discusses its technical advantages,market penetration,and challenges in its development.In terms of technical characteristics,this paper focuses on analyzing the key technologies such as energy conversion efficiency and intelligent control systems of solar streetlights.

Application Strategies of Automatic Addressable Single-Lamp Control Technology in Tunnel Lighting

The article mainly studies the application strategy of automatic addressable single-lamp control technology in tunnel lighting.It encompasses an introduction to this technology,an analysis of the tunnel lighting system using automatic addressable single-lamp control technology,and outlines the main development direction for this technology in modern tunnel lighting.The aim is to offer insights that can inform the rational deployment of this technology,thereby enhancing the lighting control effectiveness in modern tunnels and meeting their specific lighting requirements more effectively.

Application of Intelligent Technology in Building Electrical Lighting Project

The rapid development of intelligent technology has led to its introduction into the field of electrical lighting in buildings.It provides more technical support for system design,use,and management,and creates a comfortable and safe living environment.The adoption of intelligent technology enables the creation of an intelligent management system,where controllers and sensors are used to adjust the light source within the building,monitor and manage the lighting system in real time,monitor the energy consumption and safety of the system,and achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction.This paper briefly discusses the application and significance of intelligent technology in electrical lighting and puts forward design ideas to optimize electrical lighting and measures for lighting system management.

The Application of Intelligent Lighting in Thermal Power Plants

With the rapid development of electronic information technology,the Internet of Things(IoT),Internet technology,and modern communication technology,people are demanding higher standards for the building environment.Especially in modern large-scale buildings with high levels of industrialization,lighting systems should also be optimized accordingly.This article explores the application path of intelligent lighting in thermal power plants for reference.

Application of Smart Streetlights in Urban Road Lighting

The construction and installation of street lighting is an important element in the modernization of China’s cities.Besides,it also plays an important role in raising the living standards of the people.In recent years,with the technological and economic development,smart street lighting has gradually emerged.Key functions of smart street lighting include road illumination,cultural promotion,meteorological monitoring,public broadcasting,and 5G micro-base stations.The overall quality of smart street lighting construction directly impacts the effectiveness of urban development and the city’s comprehensive growth.This paper analyzes the concept of smart street lighting,its advantages and disadvantages,the functionalities of smart street light systems,and the application of smart street lighting in urban road illumination.