Profile Likelihood Tests for Common Risk Ratios in Meta-Analysis Studies

It is well-known that the power of Cochran’s Q test to assess the presence of heterogeneity among treatment effects in a clinical meta-analysis is low due to the small number of studies combined. Two modified tests (PL1, PL2) were proposed by replacing the profile maximum likelihood estimator (PMLE) into the variance formula of logarithm of risk ratio in the standard chi-square test statistic for testing the null common risk ratios across all k studies (i = 1, L, k). The simply naive test (SIM) as another comparative candidate has considerably arisen. The performance of tests in terms of type I error rate under the null hypothesis and power of test under the random effects hypothesis was done via a simulation plan with various combinations of significance levels, numbers of studies, sample sizes in treatment and control arms, and true risk ratios as effect sizes of interest. The results indicated that for moderate to large study sizes (k?≥ 16)?in combination with moderate to large sample sizes?(?≥ 50), three tests (PL1, PL2, and Q) could control type I error rates in almost all situations. Two proposed tests (PL1, PL2) performed best with the highest power when?k?≥ 16?and moderate sample sizes (= 50,100);this finding was very useful to make a recommendation to use them in practical situations. Meanwhile, the standard Q test performed best when?k?≥ 16 and large sample sizes (≥ 500). Moreover, no tests were reasonable for small sample sizes (≤ 10), regardless of study size k. The simply naive test (SIM) is recommended to be adopted with high performance when k = 4 in combination with (≥ 500).

Empirical Likelihood Test for Regression Coefficients in High Dimensional Partially Linear Models

This paper considers tests for regression coefficients in high dimensional partially linear Models.The authors first use the B-spline method to estimate the unknown smooth function so that it could be linearly expressed.Then,the authors propose an empirical likelihood method to test regression coefficients.The authors derive the asymptotic chi-squared distribution with two degrees of freedom of the proposed test statistics under the null hypothesis.In addition,the method is extended to test with nuisance parameters.Simulations show that the proposed method have a good performance in control of type-I error rate and power.The proposed method is also employed to analyze a data of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma(SKCM).

Empirical likelihood test for the equality of several high-dimensional covariance mat rices

The testing covariance equality is of importance in many areas of statistical analysis,such as microarray analysis and quality control.Conventional tests for the finite-dimensional covariance do not apply to high-dimensional data in general,and tests for the high-dimensional covariance in the literature usually depend on some special structure of the matrix and whether the dimension diverges.In this paper,we propose a jackknife empirical likelihood method to test the equality of covariance matrices.The asymptotic distribution of the new test is regardless of the divergent or fixed dimension.Simulation studies show that the new test has a very stable size with respect to the dimension and it is also more powerful than the test proposed by Schott(2007)and studied by Srivastava and Yanagihara(2010).Furthermore,we illustrate the method using a breast cancer dataset.

ASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIKELIHOOD RATIO STATISTIC FOR TESTING SPHERICTY IN GROWTH CURVE MODELS

In this paper, asymptotic expansions of the distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic for testing sphericity in a crowth curve model have been derived in the null and nonnull cases when the alternatives are dose to the null hypothesis. These expansions are given in series form of beta distributions.

Modified likelihood ratio test for homogeneity in normal mixtures with two samples

This paper investigates the modified likelihood ratio test（LRT） for homogeneity in normal mixtures of two samples with mixing proportions unknown. It is proved that the limit distribution of the modified likelihood ratio test is X^2（1）.

Generalized Likelihood Ratio Tests for Varying-Coefficient Models with Censored Data

In this paper, we extend the generalized likelihood ratio test to the varying-coefficient models with censored data. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the proposed test and demonstrate that its limiting null distribution follows a distribution, with the scale constant and the number of degree of freedom being independent of nuisance parameters or functions, which is called the wilks phenomenon. Both simulated and real data examples are given to illustrate the performance of the testing approach.

基于极化SAR梯度和复Wishart分类器的舰船检测

舰船检测是极化SAR系统的重要应用之一。现有的舰船检测方法容易受到旁瓣泄露的干扰,使得舰船目标的形态难以提取,导致检测结果不符合真实情况。此外,在舰船过于密集、尺度不一致的情况下,相邻舰船由于旁瓣的影响有时会被认为是单个目标,从而造成漏检。针对这些问题,该文提出一种基于极化SAR梯度和复Wishart分类器的舰船检测方法。首先,将似然比检验(LRT)梯度引入对数比值梯度框架,使其适用于极化SAR数据;基于LRT梯度图进行恒虚警(CFAR)检测,提取舰船的边缘信息,消除伪影的同时抑制强旁瓣对舰船精细轮廓提取的影响。其次,利用复Wishart迭代分类器对舰船强散射部分进行检测,可排除大部分的杂波干扰且保持舰船形态细节。最后,将二者信息融合,从而可以保持舰船形态细节的同时克服旁瓣和伪信号的虚警。该文在3幅来自ALOS-2卫星的极化SAR图像上进行了对比实验,实验表明与其他方法相比,该文所提算法具有更少的虚警和漏检,且能够有效克服旁瓣泄露,保持舰船形态细节。

基于时变Copula函数的多部件系统可靠性评估

针对多部件失效相关的机械系统,提出一种基于时变Copula函数的多部件系统可靠性评估方法。首先,引入非线性Wiener过程刻画性能退化过程,并采用Copula函数刻画多部件失效间的相关性;其次,基于傅里叶级数近似Copula函数的演化方程,并通过蒙特卡洛(MC)模拟验证傅里叶级数对常见时变形式的拟合效果;此外,采用似然比统计量检验时变相关性的存在性,指明时变相关性研究的必要性。算例分析结果表明,与静态相关性模型相比,时变相关性模型对数似然函数值提高4.36%、赤池信息量准则(AIC)减小3.81%,可靠性评估结果更加准确。

高斯和非高斯平稳时间序列记忆参数的经验似然检验

本文将经验似然方法运用于高斯的和非高斯的平稳时间序列的长记忆性检验.我们从常用的长记忆模型(ARFIMA)出发,建立了记忆参数的经验似然比检验统计量.从理论上证明了所给的经验似然比渐近服从卡方分布,通过数值模拟和实例分析验证了所给的检验方法对于平稳的ARFIMA模型的长记忆参数检验的有效性.

子空间干扰加高斯杂波背景下基于GLRT的斜对称方向检测器设计

文章研究了背景为子空间干扰加高斯杂波的距离扩展目标方向检测问题。杂波是均值为零协方差矩阵未知但具有斜对称特性的高斯杂波,目标与干扰分别通过具备斜对称特性的目标子空间和干扰子空间描述。针对方向检测问题,利用上述斜对称性,根据广义似然比检验(Generalized Likeli-hood Ratio Test,GLRT)准则的一步与两步设计方法,设计了基于GLRT的一步法与两步法的距离扩展目标方向检测器。通过理论推导证明了这2种检测器相对于未知杂波协方差矩阵都具有恒虚警率。对比相同背景下已有检测器,特别是在辅助数据有限的场景下,文章提出的2个检测器表现出了优越的检测性能。

自适应Ⅱ型逐步截尾双应力恒加试验统计分析

针对传统加速寿命试验仅考虑单一加速应力和单一失效模式的问题,研究寿命服从Weibull分布且失效模式相互独立的竞争失效产品,在自适应Ⅱ型逐步截尾下建立双应力恒加试验的统计分析方法。通过Newton-Raphson迭代和渐进似然理论得到未知参数的极大似然估计和渐进置信区间。采用Gibbs抽样与M-H抽样混合算法获得参数的Bayes估计并基于MC方法构建HPD可信区间。数值模拟结果表明所提的方法具有良好的统计推断性能且失效样本数和试验时间对估计效果有显著影响。

基于嵌套剖分的位姿图分层优化算法

位姿图优化(pose graph optimization,PGO)是一种在同时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)后端优化中常用的高维非凸优化算法,通常建模成极大似然估计。由于目前的PGO算法优化大规模大噪声数据集时很难在保证精度的同时提升速度,所以提出了一种基于嵌套剖分的位姿图分层优化算法。该算法首先建立不同距离度量的χ2检验模型,进而剔除异常值点。然后利用嵌套剖分算法将位姿图分割成一组子图,再从这些子图中提取出一个表示原SLAM问题的抽象拓扑的骨架图,从而优化该骨架图,完成初始化。最后在模拟和真实的位姿图数据集上进行实验评估,结果表明该算法在不影响精度的情况下,可以提高算法的计算速度,具有可伸缩性。

双应力恒加寿命试验可靠性评估模型

为了更加有效地评估高可靠长寿命产品的可靠性,针对传统双应力恒加寿命试验加速模型中只考虑各应力之间独立的问题,采用综合双应力之间相互影响的加速模型,探讨Gompertz分布型产品的可靠性评估问题,给出了产品的可靠性评估模型。基于定数截尾双应力恒加寿命试验下的数据,利用极大似然理论,计算了参数的极大似然估计,获得了与似然函数相关的Fisher信息矩阵和协方差矩阵,由此利用渐近似然理论构建了参数和可靠度的渐近置信区间。算例结果表明了所使用的方法具有可行性。

逐步Ⅰ型混合截尾下复合Rayleigh分布竞争失效产品部分步加寿命试验的统计分析

本文在逐步Ⅰ型混合截尾下,研究复合Rayleigh分布竞争失效产品部分步加寿命试验的统计分析问题。首先,基于复合Rayleigh分布竞争失效产品和损伤失效率(TFR)模型,运用极大似然理论和渐近似然理论,给出未知参数和加速因子的极大似然估计和渐近置信区间;然后,对未知参数和加速因子选取先验,利用MH抽样算法获得参数和加速因子的Bayes估计和最大后验密度置信区间(HPD);最后,通过Monte Carlo模拟对2种估计方法进行比较。结果表明:贝叶斯估计效果整体优于极大似然估计(MLE),在相同置信水平下,基于Bayes估计的HPD置信区间长度略短于MLE的渐近置信区间长度。

OUTLIER TEST IN RANDOMIZED LINEAR MODEL

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Testing Linearity of Nonparametric Component in Partially Linear Model

In this paper, we propose the test statistic to check whether the nonparametric function in partially linear models is linear or not. We estimate the nonparametric function in alternative by using the local linear method, and then estimate the parameters by the two stage method. The test statistic under the null hypothesis is calculated, and it is shown to be asymptotically normal.

The Latest Progress in Varying-coefficient Models

变化系数模型是古典线性模型的有用延期。他们广泛地被用于经济， biomedicine，传染病学等等。他们上有广泛的研究在最近三十年年。在这份报纸，许多与变化系数模型有关的模型被聚集起来。各种变化系数模型上的假设测试的评价过程和理论被总结。从我的意见，等待学习的一些方面被建议。

Hypothesis testing analysis and unknown parameter estimation of GPS signal detection

Hypothesis testing analysis and unknown parameter estimation of both the intermediate frequency(IF) and baseband GPS signal detection are given by using the generalized likelihood ratio test(GLRT) approach,applying the model of GPS signal in white Gaussian noise,It is proved that the test statistic follows central or noncentral F distribution,It is also pointed out that the test statistic is nearly identical to central or noncentral chi-squared distribution because the processing samples are large enough to be considered as infinite in GPS acquisition problem.It is also proved that the probability of false alarm,the probability of detection and the threshold are affected largely when the hypothesis testing refers to the full pseudorandom noise(PRN) code phase and Doppler frequency search space cells instead of each individual cell.The performance of the test statistic is also given with combining the noncoherent integration.

Estimation for constant-stress accelerated life test from generalized half-normal distribution

In the constant-stress accelerated life test, estimation issues are discussed for a generalized half-normal distribution under a log-linear life-stress model. The maximum likelihood estimates with the corresponding fixed point type iterative algorithm for unknown parameters are presented, and the least square estimates of the parameters are also proposed. Meanwhile, confidence intervals of model parameters are constructed by using the asymptotic theory and bootstrap technique. Numerical illustration is given to investigate the performance of our methods.

Improvement of the Preliminary Test Estimator When Stochastic Restrictions are Available in Linear Regression Model

Ridge type estimators are used to estimate regression parameters in a multiple linear regression model when multicolinearity exists among predictor variables. When different estimators are available, preliminary test estimation procedure is adopted to select a suitable estimator. In this paper, two ridge estimators, the Stochastic Restricted Liu Estimator and Liu Estimator are combined to define a new preliminary test estimator, namely the Preliminary Test Stochastic Restricted Liu Estimator (PTSRLE). The stochastic properties of the proposed estimator are derived, and the performance of PTSRLE is compared with SRLE in the sense of mean square error matrix (MSEM) and scalar mean square error (SMSE) for the two cases in which the stochastic restrictions are correct and not correct. Moreover the SMSE of PTSRLE based on Wald (WA), Likelihood Ratio (LR) and Lagrangian Multiplier (LM) tests are derived, and the performance of PTSRLE is compared using WA, LR and LM tests as a function of the shrinkage parameter d with respect to the SMSE. Finally a numerical example is given to illustrate some of the theoretical findings.