BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was previously regarded as a Western disease;however,its incidence is increasing in the East.The epidemiology of IBD in Asia differs significantly from the patterns in the Wes...BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was previously regarded as a Western disease;however,its incidence is increasing in the East.The epidemiology of IBD in Asia differs significantly from the patterns in the West.AIM To comprehensively investigate the epidemiology of IBD in South Korea,inclu-ding its incidence,prevalence,medication trends,and outcomes.METHODS We analyzed claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and Rare and Intractable Diseases(RIDs),operated by the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea.Patients with IBD were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,and RID diagnostic codes for Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)from 2010 to 2018.RESULTS In total,14498 and 31409 patients were newly diagnosed with CD and UC,respectively,between 2010 and 2018.The annual average incidence of CD was 3.11 cases per 105 person-years,and that of UC was 6.74 cases per 10^(5) person-years.Since 2014,the incidence rate of CD has been stable,while that of UC has steadily increased,shifting the peak age group from 50-year-olds in 2010 to 20-year-olds in 2018.The CD and UC prevalence increased consistently over the study period;the use of 5-aminosali-cylates and corticosteroids gradually decreased,while that of immunomodulators and biologics steadily increased in both CD and UC.The clinical outcomes of IBD,such as hospitalization and surgery,decreased during the study period.CONCLUSION The CD incidence has been stable since 2014,but that of UC has increased with a shift to a younger age at peak incidence between 2010 and 2018.IBD clinical outcomes improved over time,with increased use of immunomodu-lators and biologics.展开更多
AIM To examine the incidence and trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) over 2000-2015 and project the incidence to 2018. METHODS A 16-year prospective study of IBD patients < 19 years of age was con...AIM To examine the incidence and trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) over 2000-2015 and project the incidence to 2018. METHODS A 16-year prospective study of IBD patients < 19 years of age was conducted in the Czech Republic(the Pilsen region). All incident IBD cases within a well-defined geographical area were retrieved from a prospectively collected computerized clinical database. Historical Czech data were used for comparison(1990-2001). Our catchment population was determined from the census data. We calculated the incidence by relating the number of newly diagnosed cases to the size of thepediatric population-at-risk in each calendar year. Age/sex, disease type, place of residence, and race/ethnicity were identified. RESULTS In total, 170 new IBD cases [105 Crohn's disease(CD), 48 ulcerative colitis(UC), and 17 IBD-unclassified(IBD-U)] were identified. The median age at IBD diagnosis was 14.2 years, 59.4% were males, and 97.1% were Caucasians. A male preponderance of IBD(P = 0.026) and CD(P = 0.016) was observed. With 109209 person-years in the catchment area, the average incidence of IBD per 100000 person-years was 10.0(6.2 for CD, 2.8 for UC, and 1.0 for IBD-U) for children aged 0 to 19 years; for those aged 0 to 15 years, the incidence rate was 7.3(4.6 for CD, 2.0 for UC, and 0.7 for IBD-U). An increase in incidence with age was observed(P = 0.0003). Over the 16-year period, the incidence increased for IBD patients(P = 0.01) and CD in particular(P < 0.0001), whereas the incidence for UC(P = 0.09) and IBD-U(P = 0.339) remained unchanged. IBD-projected data from 2016 to 2018 were 12.1, 12.3 and 12.6 per 100000 personyears, respectively.CONCLUSION Pediatric-onset IBD incidence is around its highest point. The increase, which is particularly pronounced for CD, may be challenging to relate to causes of pediatric disease.展开更多
In daily lives,when emergencies occur,rumors will spread widely on the internet.However,it is quite difficult for the netizens to distinguish the truth of the information.The main reasons are the uncertainty of netiz...In daily lives,when emergencies occur,rumors will spread widely on the internet.However,it is quite difficult for the netizens to distinguish the truth of the information.The main reasons are the uncertainty of netizens’behavior and attitude,which make the transmission rates of these information among social network groups be not fixed.In this paper,we propose a stochastic rumor propagation model with general incidence function.The model can be described by a stochastic differential equation.Applying the Khasminskii method via a suitable construction of Lyapunov function,we first prove the existence of a unique solution for the stochastic model with probability one.Then we show the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the rumor model,which exhibits the ergodicity.We also provide some numerical simulations to support our theoretical results.The numerical results give us some possible methods to control rumor propagation.Firstly,increasing noise intensity can effectively reduce rumor propagation when R_(0)>1That is,after rumors spread widely on social network platforms,government intervention and authoritative media coverage will interfere with netizens’opinions,thus reducing the degree of rumor propagation.Secondly,speed up the rumor refutation,intensify efforts to refute rumors,and improve the scientific quality of netizen(i.e.,increase the value ofβand decrease the value ofαandγ),which can effectively curb the rumor propagation.展开更多
Background: The Bartholin’s gland cysts and abscesses are one of the most common vulva cyst or abscesses in gynaecological practice. Symptomatic cases give significant discomfort to sufferers and have a negative impa...Background: The Bartholin’s gland cysts and abscesses are one of the most common vulva cyst or abscesses in gynaecological practice. Symptomatic cases give significant discomfort to sufferers and have a negative impact on their quality of life. Objective: To investigate the incidence, pattern of presentation and management of Barthholin’s gland cysts and abscesses in the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a four-year retrospective study of cases of Bartholin’s gland cysts and abscesses in FETHA. We studied all cases of Bartholin’s gland cysts and abscesses that were managed at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2012 to 31<sup>st</sup> December 2015. Results: During the study period, there were 1015 gynaecological surgical cases of which 18 were for Bartholin’s gland cysts or abscess giving an incidence of 1.78%. The mean age of the patients was 28.8 ± 5.6 years with 61% of the patients within the age range of 21 to 30 years. The commonest risk factor that was found for the occurrence of Bartholin’s gland cyst or abscess was previous history of the disease in 14 (77.8%) followed by previous history of sexually transmitted diseases 8 (44.4%). Pain was the commonest presenting symptom in 14 (77.8%) of cases. The left vulva was the commonest site of disease as noted in 15 (83.3%) of patients. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the commonest isolates on swabs with 16 (88.9%) and 14 (77.8%) prevalence respectively. The disease presented commonly in form of abscess as observed in 10 (55.6%) of patients. All the patients had Marsupialization as the modality of treatment. Conclusion: Symptomatic Bartholin’s gland cyst and abscess cause significant morbidity for the sufferers and decreased quality of life. Accurate diagnosis and treatment is advocated to prevent chronicity and complications. Although options of treatment abound, Marsupialization remains the mainstay of treatment in low resource setting like ours.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is traditionally con- sidered to be common in the Western world, and its incidence has sharply increased since the early 1950s. In contrast, until the last decade, low prevalence and i...Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is traditionally con- sidered to be common in the Western world, and its incidence has sharply increased since the early 1950s. In contrast, until the last decade, low prevalence and incidence rates have been reported from other parts of the world including Eastern Europe, South America, Asia and the Pacific region. Recent trends indicate a change in the epidemiology of IBD with previously low incidence areas now reporting a progressive rise in the incidence, while in West European and North American countries the figures have stabilized or slightly increased, with decreasing incidence rates for ulcerative colitis. Some of these changes may represent differences in diagnostic practices and increasing awareness of the disease. The quality of studies is also variable. Additional epidemio- logic studies are needed to better define the burden of illness, explore the mechanism of association with envi- ronmental factors, and identify new risk factors.展开更多
AIM： To further assess of the incidence and localization of Crohn＇s disease （CD） in a well-defined population during the 1990s and to evaluate the prevalence of CD on the 1^st of January 2002. METHODS： In a retro...AIM： To further assess of the incidence and localization of Crohn＇s disease （CD） in a well-defined population during the 1990s and to evaluate the prevalence of CD on the 1^st of January 2002. METHODS： In a retrospective population based study, all 16-90 years old citizens of Stockholm County diagnosed as having CD according to Lennard Jones＇ criteria between 1990 and 2001 were included. Case identification was made by using computerized inpatient and outpatient registers. Moreover private gastroenterologists were asked for possible cases. The extent of the disease and the frequency of anorectal fistulae were determined as were the ages at diagnosis. Further, the prevalence of CD on the 1^st of January 2002 was assessed. RESULTS： All the 1 389 patients, 689 men and 700 women, fulfilled the criteria for CD. The mean incidence rate for the whole period was 8.3 per 10s （95%CI 7.9 -8.8）. There was no difference between the genders. The mean annual incidence of the whole study period for colorectal disease and ileocecal disease, was 4.4 （95%CI 4.0-4.7） and 2.4 （95%CI 2.1-2.6） per 10s, respectively. Perianal disease occurred in 13.7% （95%CI 11.9-15.7 %） of the patients. The prevalence of CD was 213 per 100 000 inhabitants. CONCLUSION： The incidence of CD has markedly increased during the last decade in Stockholm County and 0.2% of the population suffers from CD. The increase is attributed to a further increase of colorectal disease, while the incidence of ileocecal disease has remained stable.展开更多
AIM:A drcannual variation in the onset of several acute diseases, mostly dealing with cardiovascular system,has been reported. The present study was to verify the possible existence of a seasonal variability in the on...AIM:A drcannual variation in the onset of several acute diseases, mostly dealing with cardiovascular system,has been reported. The present study was to verify the possible existence of a seasonal variability in the onset of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:All patients consecutively admitted to the Hospital of Ferrara,Italy,between January 1998 to December 2002, whose discharge diagnosis was acute pancreatitis,were considered.According to the time of admission,cases were categorized into twelve 1-mo intervals and in four periods by season.x^2 test for goodness of fit and partial Fourier series were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:During the study period,549 cases of acute pancreatitis were observed.A significant peak of higher incidence was found in March-May,both for total population, males and subgroups with and without cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Fourier analysis showed the existence of a circannual rhythmic pattern with its main peak in March(95% CL.:February-April,P=0.005),and a secondary one in September.Death occurred more frequently in December- February,compared to the other periods(P=0.029),and chronobiologic analysis yielded a seasonal peak in November- December(P<0.001). CONCLUSION:This study shows the existence of a circannual variation in the onset of acute pancreatitis,with a significantly higher frequency of events in the spring,especially for patients with cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Moreover,events occurring during the colder months seem to be characterized by a higher mortality rate.展开更多
The interaction of oblique incident water waves with a small bottom deformation on a porous ocean-bed is examined analytically here within the framework of linear water wave theory. The upper surface of the ocean is a...The interaction of oblique incident water waves with a small bottom deformation on a porous ocean-bed is examined analytically here within the framework of linear water wave theory. The upper surface of the ocean is assumed to be covered by an infinitely extended thin uniform elastic plate, while the lower surface is bounded by a porous bottom surface having a small deformation. By employing a simplified perturbation analysis, involving a small parameter c^（〈〈l ）, which measures the smallness of the deformation, the governing Boundary Value Problem （BVP） is reduced to a simpler BVP for the first-order correction of the potential function. This BVP is solved using a method based on Green＇s integral theorem with the introduction of suitable Green＇s function to obtain the first-order potential, and this potential function is then utilized to calculate the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function c（x） representing the bottom deformation. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that when the quotient of twice the component of the incident field wave number propagating just below the elastic plate and the ripple wave number approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the surface below the elastic plate. Again, for small angles of incidence, the reflected wave energy is more as compared to the other angles of incidence. It is also observed that the reflected wave energy is somewhat sensitive to the changes in the flexural rigidity of the elastic plate, the porosity of the bed and the ripple wave numbers. The main advantage of the present study is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained are found to satisfy the energy-balance relation almost accurately.展开更多
基金National Research Foundation of Korea,No.RS-2023-00227939.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was previously regarded as a Western disease;however,its incidence is increasing in the East.The epidemiology of IBD in Asia differs significantly from the patterns in the West.AIM To comprehensively investigate the epidemiology of IBD in South Korea,inclu-ding its incidence,prevalence,medication trends,and outcomes.METHODS We analyzed claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and Rare and Intractable Diseases(RIDs),operated by the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea.Patients with IBD were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,and RID diagnostic codes for Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)from 2010 to 2018.RESULTS In total,14498 and 31409 patients were newly diagnosed with CD and UC,respectively,between 2010 and 2018.The annual average incidence of CD was 3.11 cases per 105 person-years,and that of UC was 6.74 cases per 10^(5) person-years.Since 2014,the incidence rate of CD has been stable,while that of UC has steadily increased,shifting the peak age group from 50-year-olds in 2010 to 20-year-olds in 2018.The CD and UC prevalence increased consistently over the study period;the use of 5-aminosali-cylates and corticosteroids gradually decreased,while that of immunomodulators and biologics steadily increased in both CD and UC.The clinical outcomes of IBD,such as hospitalization and surgery,decreased during the study period.CONCLUSION The CD incidence has been stable since 2014,but that of UC has increased with a shift to a younger age at peak incidence between 2010 and 2018.IBD clinical outcomes improved over time,with increased use of immunomodu-lators and biologics.
基金Supported by the"On Our Own Feet Movement-Práteléstonozky"-Endowment Program
文摘AIM To examine the incidence and trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) over 2000-2015 and project the incidence to 2018. METHODS A 16-year prospective study of IBD patients < 19 years of age was conducted in the Czech Republic(the Pilsen region). All incident IBD cases within a well-defined geographical area were retrieved from a prospectively collected computerized clinical database. Historical Czech data were used for comparison(1990-2001). Our catchment population was determined from the census data. We calculated the incidence by relating the number of newly diagnosed cases to the size of thepediatric population-at-risk in each calendar year. Age/sex, disease type, place of residence, and race/ethnicity were identified. RESULTS In total, 170 new IBD cases [105 Crohn's disease(CD), 48 ulcerative colitis(UC), and 17 IBD-unclassified(IBD-U)] were identified. The median age at IBD diagnosis was 14.2 years, 59.4% were males, and 97.1% were Caucasians. A male preponderance of IBD(P = 0.026) and CD(P = 0.016) was observed. With 109209 person-years in the catchment area, the average incidence of IBD per 100000 person-years was 10.0(6.2 for CD, 2.8 for UC, and 1.0 for IBD-U) for children aged 0 to 19 years; for those aged 0 to 15 years, the incidence rate was 7.3(4.6 for CD, 2.0 for UC, and 0.7 for IBD-U). An increase in incidence with age was observed(P = 0.0003). Over the 16-year period, the incidence increased for IBD patients(P = 0.01) and CD in particular(P < 0.0001), whereas the incidence for UC(P = 0.09) and IBD-U(P = 0.339) remained unchanged. IBD-projected data from 2016 to 2018 were 12.1, 12.3 and 12.6 per 100000 personyears, respectively.CONCLUSION Pediatric-onset IBD incidence is around its highest point. The increase, which is particularly pronounced for CD, may be challenging to relate to causes of pediatric disease.
基金supported by the Funding for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in NUAA(Grant No.BCXJ18-09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72071106)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX180234)。
文摘In daily lives,when emergencies occur,rumors will spread widely on the internet.However,it is quite difficult for the netizens to distinguish the truth of the information.The main reasons are the uncertainty of netizens’behavior and attitude,which make the transmission rates of these information among social network groups be not fixed.In this paper,we propose a stochastic rumor propagation model with general incidence function.The model can be described by a stochastic differential equation.Applying the Khasminskii method via a suitable construction of Lyapunov function,we first prove the existence of a unique solution for the stochastic model with probability one.Then we show the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the rumor model,which exhibits the ergodicity.We also provide some numerical simulations to support our theoretical results.The numerical results give us some possible methods to control rumor propagation.Firstly,increasing noise intensity can effectively reduce rumor propagation when R_(0)>1That is,after rumors spread widely on social network platforms,government intervention and authoritative media coverage will interfere with netizens’opinions,thus reducing the degree of rumor propagation.Secondly,speed up the rumor refutation,intensify efforts to refute rumors,and improve the scientific quality of netizen(i.e.,increase the value ofβand decrease the value ofαandγ),which can effectively curb the rumor propagation.
文摘Background: The Bartholin’s gland cysts and abscesses are one of the most common vulva cyst or abscesses in gynaecological practice. Symptomatic cases give significant discomfort to sufferers and have a negative impact on their quality of life. Objective: To investigate the incidence, pattern of presentation and management of Barthholin’s gland cysts and abscesses in the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a four-year retrospective study of cases of Bartholin’s gland cysts and abscesses in FETHA. We studied all cases of Bartholin’s gland cysts and abscesses that were managed at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2012 to 31<sup>st</sup> December 2015. Results: During the study period, there were 1015 gynaecological surgical cases of which 18 were for Bartholin’s gland cysts or abscess giving an incidence of 1.78%. The mean age of the patients was 28.8 ± 5.6 years with 61% of the patients within the age range of 21 to 30 years. The commonest risk factor that was found for the occurrence of Bartholin’s gland cyst or abscess was previous history of the disease in 14 (77.8%) followed by previous history of sexually transmitted diseases 8 (44.4%). Pain was the commonest presenting symptom in 14 (77.8%) of cases. The left vulva was the commonest site of disease as noted in 15 (83.3%) of patients. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the commonest isolates on swabs with 16 (88.9%) and 14 (77.8%) prevalence respectively. The disease presented commonly in form of abscess as observed in 10 (55.6%) of patients. All the patients had Marsupialization as the modality of treatment. Conclusion: Symptomatic Bartholin’s gland cyst and abscess cause significant morbidity for the sufferers and decreased quality of life. Accurate diagnosis and treatment is advocated to prevent chronicity and complications. Although options of treatment abound, Marsupialization remains the mainstay of treatment in low resource setting like ours.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is traditionally con- sidered to be common in the Western world, and its incidence has sharply increased since the early 1950s. In contrast, until the last decade, low prevalence and incidence rates have been reported from other parts of the world including Eastern Europe, South America, Asia and the Pacific region. Recent trends indicate a change in the epidemiology of IBD with previously low incidence areas now reporting a progressive rise in the incidence, while in West European and North American countries the figures have stabilized or slightly increased, with decreasing incidence rates for ulcerative colitis. Some of these changes may represent differences in diagnostic practices and increasing awareness of the disease. The quality of studies is also variable. Additional epidemio- logic studies are needed to better define the burden of illness, explore the mechanism of association with envi- ronmental factors, and identify new risk factors.
基金Supported by the grants from Knut and Alice Wallenbergs foundation
文摘AIM： To further assess of the incidence and localization of Crohn＇s disease （CD） in a well-defined population during the 1990s and to evaluate the prevalence of CD on the 1^st of January 2002. METHODS： In a retrospective population based study, all 16-90 years old citizens of Stockholm County diagnosed as having CD according to Lennard Jones＇ criteria between 1990 and 2001 were included. Case identification was made by using computerized inpatient and outpatient registers. Moreover private gastroenterologists were asked for possible cases. The extent of the disease and the frequency of anorectal fistulae were determined as were the ages at diagnosis. Further, the prevalence of CD on the 1^st of January 2002 was assessed. RESULTS： All the 1 389 patients, 689 men and 700 women, fulfilled the criteria for CD. The mean incidence rate for the whole period was 8.3 per 10s （95%CI 7.9 -8.8）. There was no difference between the genders. The mean annual incidence of the whole study period for colorectal disease and ileocecal disease, was 4.4 （95%CI 4.0-4.7） and 2.4 （95%CI 2.1-2.6） per 10s, respectively. Perianal disease occurred in 13.7% （95%CI 11.9-15.7 %） of the patients. The prevalence of CD was 213 per 100 000 inhabitants. CONCLUSION： The incidence of CD has markedly increased during the last decade in Stockholm County and 0.2% of the population suffers from CD. The increase is attributed to a further increase of colorectal disease, while the incidence of ileocecal disease has remained stable.
基金Supported by a Research Grant"ex-60%" From the University of Ferrara
文摘AIM:A drcannual variation in the onset of several acute diseases, mostly dealing with cardiovascular system,has been reported. The present study was to verify the possible existence of a seasonal variability in the onset of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:All patients consecutively admitted to the Hospital of Ferrara,Italy,between January 1998 to December 2002, whose discharge diagnosis was acute pancreatitis,were considered.According to the time of admission,cases were categorized into twelve 1-mo intervals and in four periods by season.x^2 test for goodness of fit and partial Fourier series were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:During the study period,549 cases of acute pancreatitis were observed.A significant peak of higher incidence was found in March-May,both for total population, males and subgroups with and without cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Fourier analysis showed the existence of a circannual rhythmic pattern with its main peak in March(95% CL.:February-April,P=0.005),and a secondary one in September.Death occurred more frequently in December- February,compared to the other periods(P=0.029),and chronobiologic analysis yielded a seasonal peak in November- December(P<0.001). CONCLUSION:This study shows the existence of a circannual variation in the onset of acute pancreatitis,with a significantly higher frequency of events in the spring,especially for patients with cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Moreover,events occurring during the colder months seem to be characterized by a higher mortality rate.
基金Partially Supported by a Research from Department of Science and Technology(DST),India under Grant No.SB/FTP/MS-003/2013
文摘The interaction of oblique incident water waves with a small bottom deformation on a porous ocean-bed is examined analytically here within the framework of linear water wave theory. The upper surface of the ocean is assumed to be covered by an infinitely extended thin uniform elastic plate, while the lower surface is bounded by a porous bottom surface having a small deformation. By employing a simplified perturbation analysis, involving a small parameter c^（〈〈l ）, which measures the smallness of the deformation, the governing Boundary Value Problem （BVP） is reduced to a simpler BVP for the first-order correction of the potential function. This BVP is solved using a method based on Green＇s integral theorem with the introduction of suitable Green＇s function to obtain the first-order potential, and this potential function is then utilized to calculate the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function c（x） representing the bottom deformation. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that when the quotient of twice the component of the incident field wave number propagating just below the elastic plate and the ripple wave number approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the surface below the elastic plate. Again, for small angles of incidence, the reflected wave energy is more as compared to the other angles of incidence. It is also observed that the reflected wave energy is somewhat sensitive to the changes in the flexural rigidity of the elastic plate, the porosity of the bed and the ripple wave numbers. The main advantage of the present study is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained are found to satisfy the energy-balance relation almost accurately.
