First Discovery and Zircon U-Pb Dating of Early Ordovician Granitoids in Lincang Batholith, Western Yunnan： Implications for the Presence of Proto-Tethyan Orogeny in the Sanjiang Region, SW China

Objective The Lincang granitic batholith, extending over 370 km from north to south with an area of more than 10000 km2, is the major part of the Sanjiang region in western Yunnan, SW China, and is one key area to study the evolution of the Tethys. Previous studies all agreed that the Lincang batholith was formed in the Triassic, and widely considered its formation to be the result of Paleo- Tethyan orogeny （Dong et al., 2013）. However, the early Ordovician syenogranite has been discovered recently for the first tirne in the Lincang batholith, and its petrologic and geochronological results are presented here to provide evidence in support of its association with Proto-Tethyan orogeny. This new discovery has important significance lbr understanding the geodynamic history of the Lincang batholith and tectonic evolution of the Sanjiang region.

Lincang Superlarge Germanium Deposit in Yunnan Province,China: Sedimentation,Diagenesis,Hydrothermal Process and Mineralization

The mineralization is related closely to sedimentation, diagenesis and hydrothermal processes. In this paper, investigations are carried out on coal occurrence, maceral composition, inorganic minerals, trace elements and huminite reflectance. It is concluded that the source of Lincang superlarge deposit is mainly the muscovite granite in the west edge of the basin. During sedimentation, Ge (germanium) was leached out and entered the basin. Ge was adsorbed by lower organism and humic substances in water. Lincang lignite underwent three thermal processes: peatification, early diagenesis and hydrothermal transformation. During peatification, Ge was adsorbed or complexed by humic colloids. During early diagenesis, the Ge associated with humic acids was hard to mobilize or transport. Most of Ge entered the structure of huminite while a small amount of Ge was associated with residual humic acids as complex or humate. During hydrothermal transformation, the heated natural water or deep fluid from basement encountered the coal layer within tectonic weak zone. SO 2- 4 was reduced by coal organic matter. Pyrite and calcite formed. Hydrothermal process did not contribute significantly to mineralization.

Status Quo of Wetland Resources in Lincang City and Protection Countermeasures

Remote sense image interpretation and on-the-spot verifi cation were applied to investigate wetland resources in Lincang City. The investigation shows that wetland area in the city totals 29,102.61 hm^2, including natural wetland 12,949.86 hm^2, artifi cial wetland 16,152.75 hm^2. Characteristics of the wetland resources in the city are concluded as "diversifi ed wetland types, small wetland area, high proportion of artifi cial wetland, and significant ecological niche. This paper pointed out problems in the wetland protection, such as aggravated pollution of wetland environment, invasion of alien species, and biocenosis changed by hydropower engineering, then gave corresponding protection countermeasures.

Occurrence, Damage and Control Strategies of Major Pests, Diseases and Weeds in Sugarcane Areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co., Ltd.

The pests, diseases and weeds in sugarcane areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co.,Ltd. were investigated at seedling stage, growth stage and maturity stage of sugarcane from 2012 to 2016. The occurrence and damage of diseases, pests and weeds were analyzed, and the problems in prevention and control were discussed based on the local conditions of sugarcane production. The species, occurrence and damage characteristics of diseases, pests and weeds were ascertained, and the corresponding strategies and technical measures were proposed.

A study of natural radioactivity levels of soil in the Lincang Basin,Yunna

Influenced by the Indosinian Lincang granite,the level the natural radioactivity in the Lincang Basin is relatively high.This work deals with the determination of natural radioactivity of soil in this area by using theγ-ray spectrometer.The specific activities of 2 26Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K obtained were obviously greater than the average values of these nuclides countrywide and worldwide,which were 53.4(from 38.7 to 62.8),161.2(from 127.3 to 211.7),120.9(from 106.5 to 140.6)and 632.2(from 521.7 to 707.5)Bq/kg.Based on the research data,the level of natural radioactivity of the granite was high,which impacts and provides a good source of soil radioactivity in the study area.To assess the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity in soil,the γ-absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate were calculated.The results show that,although the γ-absorbed dose rate in the study area is a little high,the annual effective dose rate is lower than the recommended value.So the Lincang Basin is safe with respect to radiological level and its living environment is not affected.

The Genesis of Lincang Germanium Deposit─A Preliminary Investigation

The mechanism of formation of the Lincang germanium deposit is discussed in thelight of the spatial distribution of Ge-rich coal and siliceous rocks, the sulfur isotopic composi-tion of pyrite in the Ge-rich coal, the variation of Ge abundance in the coal seams and the geo-chemical characteristics of the siliceous rocks. The results show that the siliceous rocks interca-lated with the coal seams were deposited from a hydrothermal medium through which germani-um was enriched in the coal beds. The primary source of germanium is thought to be the Ge-rich granite in the basement of the sedimentary basin.

Driving Factors of Coordinated Development in Chinese Border Cities:A Case Study of Lincang City in Southwest China

In the context of the“Belt and Road Initiative”,the sustainable development of border cities is paramount for facilitating intergovernmental exchanges.Using the system dynamics approach,we integrated border policy factors to create the Border City Coordinated Development(BCCD-SD)model,encompassing three dimensions:Economic,Social,and Resource-Environment.Furthermore,a comprehensive evaluation indicator,the City Coordinated Development Index(CCDI),was devised.Using Lincang City in Southwest China as a case study,this article examines the trends in city development under three scenarios:Inertial Development,Rapid Development,and Green Development.The research findings demonstrate that the model adeptly captures trends in the city coordinated development indicators.Among the three scenarios,the rapid development scenario stands out,yielding the most favorable economic indicators,superior public infrastructure,and the highest employed population.However,the rapid development path,which is heavily focused on economic growth,intensifies resource and environmental pressures,giving rise to sustainability challenges.In contrast,although the green development scenario trails slightly in economic performance compared to rapid development,it fosters a larger urban population and transition of the employed population into citizens while excelling in resource and environmental aspects.Overall,the CCDI attains its highest score under the green development scenario,surpassing those of rapid and inertia development,signifying superior city development coordination along the green path.This scenario effectively combines economic growth,social progress,and resource-environment protection.This study also emphasizes the pivotal role of ports in the coordinated development of border cities and underscores the necessity of expediting the transition from a“gateway”economy to a“port+”economy.One objective of this article is to encourage border cities to serve as more effective windows to the outside world,promote regional coordination,and achieve high-quality development.

临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的制备研究

[目的]建立临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的制备方法。[方法]将筛选的临沧勐库熟茶通过干燥、粉碎、筛分、研磨、混匀、均匀性初检、分装,制备得到临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质,对均匀性和稳定性进行检验;参考食品安全国家标准,10家实验室采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对标准物质中Cr、Cu、As、Cd、Pb元素含量进行联合定值,评定定值结果的测量不确定度。[结果]制备得到的临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的均匀性良好,稳定性达到12个月,其中Cr、As元素的定值结果分别为(1.534±0.126)、(0.108±0.018) mg/kg。[结论]该临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质满足基体标准物质的要求,可用于普洱茶熟茶检测的质量控制。

Continental hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rock andgenesis of superlarge germanium(Ge)deposit hosted incoal:A study from the Lincang Ge deposit,Yunnan,China

There are abundant hydrothermal sedimentary structures and plant fragment fossils in the siliceous rocks from the Lincang Ge deposit. The major element compositions of these siliceous rocks are characterized by high content SiO2, low TiO2 and Al2O3concentrations, and low Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratios (0.010 on average). The siliceous rocks are distinctly enriched in Ge, Sb, As, W, and secondly enriched in Cs, U, Mo and Tl. Their total REE content are generally less than 1μg/g, LREE relatively concentrated, and the values of Eu anomaly and Ce anomaly vary from 0.452 to 5.141 and 0.997 to 1.174, respectively. Their NAS-normalized REE patterns are plain or left-inclined. The Oxygen isotope compositions of these siliceous rocks are similar to those of the hydrothermal siliceous sinter. The above characteristics, as well as the geological setting of the deposit, indicate these siliceous rocks formed in continental hydrothermal envi- ronment. As the interlayer or cliff of the Ge-rich coal seams, siliceous rocks tightly contacted with ore-body, and the contents of Ge in siliceous rocks vary from 5.6 to 360 μg/g (78 μg/g on aver- age). The Ge content increased in coal which close to the siliceous rocks. With the increase of Ge content, the typical trace element ratios (i.e., Ge/Ga, Nb/Ta and U/Th) and REE patterns of Ge-rich coal are more close to those of the siliceous rocks. The Ge concentrated in coal seams of the Lincang Ge deposit might be transported by the hydrothermal water, which demonstrated by the siliceous rocks, during the coal-forming processes.

文化生态壁龛视角下傣族象脚鼓制作工艺的传承研究

“文化生态壁龛”指的是与宏观生态环境不同的小环境,是文化事项最亲密、最重要的空间。国家级非遗傣族象脚鼓工艺所存续的临沧市青华村就是一个傣族汉族文化并置和混生的城市生态文化空间。在地演变形成的临沧象脚鼓工艺既要保存文化传承的根脉,又要解决生产开发中“度”的问题,“文化生态壁龛”理论可以在实践中提供一个有效的思考:其一,以“文化生态壁龛”的整体关怀理念关照非遗事项;其二,文化群众与非遗事项共生共存,在文化生产性保护中,“他者”的介入应该处于“壁龛”中边缘的位域,且良性地参与其中。此外,“文化生态壁龛”理念与我国非遗保护工作中的整体性和生产性保护理念相契合,可为象脚鼓工艺的传承提供了一个新的理论视角,实现其在地的活态发展。

大临铁路区域活动断裂地热特征与地质选线研究

大理至临沧铁路跨过澜沧江后穿行于云县—临沧花岗岩体,地形地貌和地质条件复杂,铁路长大隧道设置不可避免,工程艰巨,深大活动断裂及高地温热害控制线路方案。结合白石头隧道地质勘察,分析了区域花岗岩体的多期次叠加侵入和形成机理,以及凤庆-云县—临沧水热活动带内活动断裂、地热分布特征和地热成因,开展高原艰险山区铁路综合地质选线研究,成功避开了区域地热异常带,推荐了常温带作为隧道线路方案,经过施工验证,推荐方案合理、可行。

西南三江临沧地体澜沧岩群火山岩成因与构造意义

临沧地体是重建西南三江原特提斯构造演化的关键,但其构造属性存在争议,作为地体基底的澜沧岩群是解决该问题的关键。本文选择临沧地体澜沧岩群正层型剖面为研究对象,对其中惠民岩组的变中基性火山岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩元素地球化学组成分析。2件钠长绿泥片岩的岩浆锆石^(206)Pb/^(238)U加权平均年龄为(457±2)Ma和(455±2)Ma,指示晚奥陶世岩浆作用。岩石地球化学特征显示,22件绿泥石片岩的原岩为低K拉斑玄武岩系列,6件钠长绿泥片岩的原岩为高K钙碱-钾玄岩系列的玄武安山岩,两者都表现出大离子亲石元素的强烈富集和高场强元素的亏损,为典型弧火山岩。上述证据指示惠民岩浆弧形成于奥陶纪—志留纪期间原特提斯洋向思茅地块的俯冲消减。综合分析认为,临沧地体可能不是一个具有前寒武纪基底的独立地块,而是代表了原—古特提斯洋在思茅地块大陆边缘俯冲形成的陆缘弧地体。

Geochemistry of siliceous rocks and germanium mineralization of Lincang superlarge germanium deposit in Yunnan Province

GERMANIUM, as a dispersed element, is highly dispersed in the crust and any independent deposit of ithas never been reported. It has long been obtained as a byproduct from some sulfide-rich deposits andcoal beds. The Lincang germanium deposit discovered in recent years in China can be considered as an independent germanium deposit of superlarge reserves. At present, about 800 t of germanium reserves havebeen exploited, the most part of which is concentrated in the first cycle of coal at the bottom of the basindeveloped on a granite basement, while the upper three coal cycles are basically barren. Bodies of Gemineralization exhibit a zonal pattern trending NNW, in consistence with the distribution of the siliceousrocks in the first coal cycle. Here we describe the geochemical characteristics of the siliceous rocks intercalated with the first

Germanium occurrence in Lincang superlarge deposit in Yunnan, China

A heavy media separation has been carried out to study the partition of germanium in various macerals of mineralized lignites in Lincang superlarge germanium deposit in Yunnan, China. The result shows that Ge stays predominantly in huminites, especially in corpohuminites （86.04%\89.16%）, next in light macerals and minerals （3 20%\8.33% and 1.71%\10.27%, respectively）. In addition, the EPMA and PIXE analyses suggest that no germanium minerals have been detected and Ge is well distributed in the whole mineralized lignite, bonding to O, C and H of coaly organic matter of mineralized lignites.

瓷上再现广允缅寺古壁画的创新性保护研究

云南临沧现存有多座南传上座部佛教佛寺这些佛寺大都兴建于明中期,其中部分佛寺墙壁上还留有一部分古壁画,这些古壁画的绘制风格和表现内容都显现出了浓郁的地域风格。沧源广允缅寺内的古壁画便是云南地区傣汉交融型壁画的代表之一,具有极高的研究和保护价值。由于古壁画会随时间变迁而出现发霉、脱落、褪色、变色等问题,如何让这些古代艺术留存下来已经是一个十分迫切的难题。瓷板画不易被风化腐蚀,能存在上千万年。运用陶瓷的材料特性对古壁画进行再临摹创作,是希望用另一种方式将其保存下来,同时也希望能为古壁画的保护与传承工作提供一个新方向和新思路。

临沧市魔芋产业发展现状及对策浅析

临沧市的自然条件与土地资源非常丰富,对魔芋产业的发展可以起到良好的推动作用。结合临沧市魔芋产业发展现状,根据目前常见的花魔芋、西盟魔芋、珠芽魔芋等不同的魔芋种类,提出建立健全魔芋繁种体系、加强良种繁育技术的研究和推广、重点扶持魔芋良种繁育基地建设等措施,希望为提高临沧市魔芋产业质量和产量提供参考。

基于多元统计方法的临沧市普洱生茶香气成分分析

为客观准确地评价临沧市普洱生茶的香气品质,本研究系统分析了16份临沧市普洱生茶的主要香气成分,并利用多元统计方法对其主要香气成分进行综合分析。结果表明:共检测到48个香气物质,平均含量大于2%的有11个;其中芳樟醇含量最高,平均含量为24.68%。在香气种类上,醇类物质占香气总量的比例最高,平均含量为46.55%;其次是醛类物质,平均含量为26.81%;酮类、酯类和其他类物质占香气总量的比例相对较小。多元统计方法分析表明:临沧市南、北部地区普洱生茶样品能够明显区分开,南部地区醇类、酯类物质含量相对较高,而北部地区醛类、酮类以及其他类物质含量相对较高,海拔高度可能是南、北部地区普洱生茶香气成分差异形成的重要原因;基于变量投影重要性(Variable important for the projection,VIP)大于1,筛选出23个香气成分或种类作为区分临沧市南、北部地区普洱生茶香气的重要标志物,其中芳樟醇、异佛尔酮、酮类、醇类、醛类、β-环柠檬醛、α-环柠檬醛、2,2,6-三甲基环己酮、橙花醇、β-紫罗兰酮的VIP值相对较大,对临沧市南、北部地区普洱生茶分类贡献较大。该研究为准确了解临沧市普洱生茶香气品质提供理论依据,也为临沧市普洱生茶品质、产地判定研究提供思路和方法。

云南省煤型铀资源分布规律

煤型铀主要是指赋存于煤层的铀,一般以煤中铀含量大于或等于40μg/g为煤型铀资源界定标准。为总结云南省煤中铀含量特征,查明煤型铀资源分布规律。通过系统查阅196份煤田勘查报告,筛查出12个煤矿中109口钻孔的至少208个煤中铀含量数据,结合前人数据共整理出23个煤矿中的至少1044个煤中铀含量数据,统计分析显示:(1)煤中铀含量差异显著,分布极为不均;(2)峨山塔甸三叠系无烟煤中平均铀含量为27.6μg/g,系国内新发现的又一罕见的无烟煤型铀富集区;(3)潞西等?、临沧勐旺—帮卖、建水甸尾、弥勒跨竹、蒙自南部的新近系褐煤和文山邱砚煤田的二叠系贫煤、新近系长焰煤,共6个地区煤中铀含量达到煤型铀资源界定标准,尤以临沧盆地群和邱砚煤田最具煤—铀及多金属勘探开发价值。初步分析认为煤中铀含量受煤阶影响有限,铀源供给才是铀富集并成矿的先决条件。

滇西昌宁-孟连带南段组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其对沉积时代和构造环境的制约

为制约滇西昌宁-孟连带南段组的沉积时代和构造环境,阐明临沧地块演化特征,对南段组碎屑锆石进行U-Pb年代学研究。研究显示,南段组具统计意义的最年轻组碎屑锆石年龄为512 Ma、509.6 Ma,物源具泛非期(680~530 Ma)、晚格林威尔期(980~900 Ma)、早格林威尔期(1300~1100 Ma)3期年龄组段特点。结果表明,南段组中下部最大沉积下限为寒武纪,中上部上限为石炭纪。物源来自东冈瓦纳超大陆内部至少3条造山带,主要为南极Pinjarra造山带、西澳Albany-Fraser造山带、东澳Paterson-Peterman造山带,具亲冈瓦纳大陆性质。在古生代冈瓦纳大陆重建中,南段组古地理位置位于澳大利亚地块北缘,是一个从西澳大利亚地块往东澳大利亚地块,往北往东迁移,从被动大陆边缘到活动大陆边缘转换的演化过程。早期沉积环境为滨浅海或三角洲,后期为弧前增生楔沉积环境。

云南临沧煤型锗矿床中锗富集过程的有限元数值模拟

成矿元素富集作用是煤型关键金属矿床研究面临的主要问题之一。针对云南临沧煤型锗矿床中锗富集过程进行热-流-化-质多场耦合数值模拟研究。结果表明,数值模拟结果与前人研究结果吻合,验证了煤型锗矿床成矿理论及数值模拟方法在矿床学理论研究中的作用。岩体上表面形态是临沧锗矿床成矿的关键控制因素,具有穹隆形态的岩体上表面能够使含煤盆地底部产生9.1×10^(3)倍的锗富集(相较于反应物浓度),在岩体规模减小50%的情况下仍有6.9×10^(3)倍的富集,而凹陷和水平的岩体上表面分别只产生了589倍和9.3倍的锗富集。因此,具有穹隆形态的岩体上表面更有利于其上部的含煤盆地形成高品位的锗矿化,穹隆状岩体的上表面可为岩浆热液成因的煤型锗矿床深、边部找矿勘探提供有利信息。