Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor parent.YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each trait.To confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection.We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4.Additionally,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL). All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele, except that for FLL on chromosome 2, had positive effects on each trait. To confirm the effects of these putative QTL, we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection. We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4. Additionally, four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropiceffects for unique agronomic traits. These NILs can be used as research materials for studying each trait and as breeding materials for yield improvement of indica rice cultivars.

Type Synthesis of 4-DOF Parallel Kinematic Mechanisms Based on Grassmann Line Geometry and Atlas Method

Many methods are proposed to deal with the type synthesis of parallel kinematic mechanisms（PKMs）, but most of them are less intuitive to some extent. Thus, to propose a concise and intuitive type synthesis method for engineering application is a very challenging issue, which should be further studied in the field. Grassmann line geometry, which can investigate the dimensions of spatial line-clusters in a concise way, is taken as the mathematic foundation. Atlas method is introduced to visually describe the degrees of freedom（DOFs） and constraints of a mechanism, and the dual rule is brought in to realize the mutual conversion of the freedom-space and constraint-space. Consequently, a systematic method based on Grassmann line geometry and Atlas method is generated and the entire type synthesis process is presented. Three type 4-DOF PKMs, i.e., 1T3R, 2T2R and 3T1R（T： translational DOF; R： rotational DOF）, are classified according to the different combinations of the translational DOFs and rotational DOFs. The type synthesis of 4-DOF PKMs is carried out and the possible configurations are thoroughly investigated. Some new PKMs with useful functions are generated during this procedure. The type synthesis method based on Grassmann line geometry and Atlas method is intuitive and concise, and can reduce the complexity of the PKMs＇ type synthesis. Moreover, this method can provide theoretical guidance for other PKMs＇ type synthesis and engineering application. A novel type synthesis method is proposed, which solves the existing methods＇ problems in terms of complicated, not intuitive and unsuitable for practical application.

A catalog of early-type emission-line stars and Hα line profiles from LAMOST DR2

We present a catalog including 11 204 spectra of 10436 early-type emission-line stars from LAMOST DR2, among which 9752 early-type emission-line spectra are newly discovered. For these early- type emissionqine stars, we discuss the morphological and physical properties of their low-resolution spectra. In this spectral sample, the Hα emission profiles display a wide variety of shapes. Based on the Hα line profiles, these spectra are categorized into five distinct classes： single-peak emission, single-peak emission in absorption, double-peak emission, double-peak emission in absorption, and P-Cygni profiles. To better understand what causes the Hc~ line profiles, we divide these objects into four types from the perspective of physical classification, which include classical Be stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, close binaries and spectra contaminated by H n regions. The majority of Herbig Ae/Be stars and classical Be stars are identified and separated using a （H-K, K-W1） color-color diagram. We also discuss 31 binary systems that are listed in the SIMBAD on-line catalog and identify 3600 spectra contaminated by HⅡ regions after cross-matching with positions in the Dubout-Crillon catalog. A statistical analysis of line profiles versus classifications is then conducted in order to understand the distribution of Hc~ profiles for each type in our sample. Finally, we also provide a table of 172 spectra with Fen emission lines and roughly calculate stellar wind velocities for seven spectra with P-Cygni profiles.

Type Synthesis of Spatial Straight Line Mechanisms with only Revolute Joints

Spatial straight line mechanisms are a class of spatial mechanisms whose end-effectors generate the trajectory with the form of exact straight lines, which have potential applications in many industrial sectors. This study aims to synthesis the spatial straight line mechanisms with only revolute joints, meaning that no prismatic joints are included. According to the generalized function sets and the law of one dimensional rotation, the type of compositions of characteristic and the corresponding conditions are derived. Furthermore, some novel symmetrical and asymmetrical spatial straight line mechanisms are synthesized through assembling specific kinematic chains under the corresponding conditions. Finally, several synthesized spatial straight line mechanisms are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the synthesis methodology.

Activation of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in S-type Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

The effects of Sonic hedgehog(Shh) signaling pathway activation on S-type neuroblastoma(NB) cell lines and its role in NB tumorigenesis were investigated.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Shh pathway components— Patched1(PTCH1) and Gli1 in 40 human primary NB samples.Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to examine the protein expression and mRNA levels of PTCH1 and Gli1 in three kinds of S-type NB cell lines(SK-N-AS,SK-N-SH and SHEP1),respectively.Exogenous Shh was administrated to activate Shh signaling pathway while cyclopamine was used as a selective antagonist of Shh pathway.S-type NB cell lines were treated with different concentrations of Shh or/and cyclopamine for different durations.Cell viability was measured by using MTT method.Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry.The xenograft experiments were used to evaluate the role of Shh pathway in tumor growth in immunodeficient mice.High-level expression of PTCH1 and Gli1 was detected in both NB samples and S-type NB cell lines.Cyclopamine decreased the survival rate of the three cell lines while Shh increased it,and the inhibition effects of cyclopamine could be partially reversed by shh pre-treatment.Cyclopamine induced the cell apoptosis and the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase,while Shh induced the reverse effects and could partially prevent effects of cyclopamine.Cyclopamine could also inhibit the growth of NB in vivo.Our studies revealed that activation of the Shh pathway is important for survival and proliferation of S-type NB cells in vivo and in vitro through affecting cell apoptosis and cell cycle,suggesting a new therapeutic approach to NB.

Riemann Boundary Value Problem of Non-Normal Type on the Infinite Straight Line

Various kinds of Riemann boundary value problems (BVPs) for analytic functions on closed curves or on open arc, doubly periodic Riemann BVPs, doubly quasi-periodic Riemann BVPs, and BVPs for polyanalytic functions have been widely investigated in [1-8]. The main ap- proach is to use the decomposition of polyanalytic functions and their generalization to transform the boundary value problems to their corresponding boundary value problems for analytic functions. Recently, inverse Riemann BVPs for generalized analytic functions or bianalytic functions have been investigated in [9-12]. In this paper, we consider a kind of Riemann BVP of non-normal type on the infinite straight line and discuss the solvable conditions and the general solution for it.

Meshless Method of Lines for Numerical Solution of Kawahara Type Equations

In this work, an algorithm based on method of lines coupled with radial basis functions namely meshless method of lines (MMOL) is presented for the numerical solution of Kawahara, modified Kawahara and KdV Kawahara equations. The motion of a single solitary wave, interaction of two and three solitons and the phenomena of wave generation is discussed. The results are compared with the exact solution and with the results in the relevant literature to show the efficiency of the method.

蓖麻Lm型雌性系及其杂交组合的杂种优势分析

为了解Lm型雌性系蓖麻的配合力遗传基础,以5个蓖麻Lm型雌性系为母本,3个蓖麻两性系为父本,根据NC-Ⅱ不完全双列杂交组配15个杂交组合,对蓖麻杂交组合的配合力、遗传力以及杂种优势进行分析。结果表明:雌性系A1和两性系B2的GCA和杂交组合SCA在蓖麻大部分农艺性状中均表现优秀,可在提高蓖麻产量的亲本选育中作为优异亲本进行杂交组合的构建。对亲本杂种优势研究发现,两性系B2参与组配的杂交组合在多个农艺性状上表现为强杂种优势,而Lm型雌性系则表现为在单个性状上具有较强的杂种优势。从遗传力分析结果来看,蓖麻的主茎蒴果数、一级分枝蒴果数、主茎穗长、主茎节数、一级分枝百粒质量和产量受加性效应和非加性效应共同影响,且受环境影响较小,适宜在早代进行选择。

基于博弈论与改进CRITIC-AHP的配电网线路脆弱性评估

针对现有配电网线路脆弱性评估指标单一的问题,从配电网结构、运行状态和故障影响等三个方面出发,全面考虑网络拓扑结构、负荷类型、潮流分布、设备参数和线路故障等影响因素,提出了改进的线路介数、改进的线路度数、线路电压稳定性和线路潮流熵等脆弱性评估指标。为解决权重分配过程中出现的权重偏好问题,提出基于博弈论与改进CRITIC-AHP组合赋权法的综合评价模型。最后,通过在IEEE33节点系统上进行仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性。

单钩针下压式勾线疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝的体会

目的探讨全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术中采用单钩针下压式勾线治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝的体会。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年5月西安市儿童医院收治的腹股沟斜疝患儿419例。其中男370例,女49例,最小年龄8个月,最大年龄15岁,平均年龄3岁6个月;左侧160例,右侧220例,双侧39例。在全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术中采用单钩针下压式勾线,记录手术时间和后腹膜的完整性。结果女孩单侧手术时间为(4.0±1.0)min,双侧为(6.0±1.2)min;男孩单侧手术时间为(6.0±1.0)min,双侧为(9.0±1.5)min。术中均未出现多次钩挂腹膜的手术过程和后腹膜撕裂等并发症,术后随访均无并发腹膜裂孔疝继发肠坏死情况。结论单钩针全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝手术中采用下压式勾线,能有效地减少腹膜外勾线时反复勾线和避免钩挂腹膜所引起的后腹膜撕裂等并发症,值得临床借鉴推广。

骨质疏松椎体骨折磁共振STIR信号改变与CT骨折线类型的关系

目的探讨骨质疏松椎体骨折磁共振(MRI)-短反转时间反转恢复序列(STIR)信号改变与电子计算机断层扫描(CT)骨折线类型的关系。方法回顾性分析收治的108例骨质疏松椎体骨折患者临床资料以及MRI、CT影像学征象。比较不同MRI-STIR信号改变患者的CT骨折线类型及CT值。结果经MRI检查,入组患者骨折椎体数共121节,STIR序列呈现黑色线信号45节,无同源高信号36节,同源高信号40节;CT显示,骨折线嵌插型51节,开裂型33节,微骨折型37节。MRI-STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者椎体CT骨折线为嵌插型阳性率高于无同源高信号和同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MRI-STIR序列呈现同源高信号的患者椎体CT骨折线为微骨折型阳性率高于黑色线信号和无同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI-STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者椎体CT值低于无同源高信号和同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MRI-STIR信号改变与CT骨折线类型存在一定相关性。STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者出现椎体嵌插型骨折风险更高,且预后较差。

9个不同使用类型木薯品系在合浦县的适应性研究

为筛选适宜在合浦县推广的木薯品系,本研究以主栽品种‘南植199’为对照,对9个木薯新品系的生物学特性进行了观察,并测定其农艺性状和经济性状,同时进行相关性分析。结果表明,9个品系分枝角度小、块根长度适中和主茎高度中等以上;‘RC4’的块根产量显著高于对照,其余8个品系与对照差异不显著;‘RC4’等8个品系的淀粉产量高于对照;9个品系的淀粉含量高于对照,其中‘RC3’等5个品系的淀粉含量显著或极显著高于对照;9个木薯品系的直链淀粉含量显著或极显著低于对照‘;RC6’等6个品系的氢氰酸含量低于50 mg/kg。相关性分析结果表明:块根产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、块根直径呈极显著正相关,与茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉含量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗、块根直径、块根产量呈极显著正相关,与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综合来看,这9个木薯新品系的综合表现良好,适合在合浦县进行推广。其中‘,RC3’、‘RC4’和‘RC7’可作为加工型品系;‘RC5’和‘RC10’可作为食用品系;‘RC2’、‘RC6’、‘RC11’和‘RC12’可作为鲜食加工兼用品系;‘RC2’和‘RC5’作为食用品系具有很好的推广前景。

香型温敏核不育系皖香22S的选育研究

皖香22S是安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所以1892S为母本、湖南湘穗种业有限责任公司引进的香型籼稻亲本常香39S为父本进行杂交选育的香型温敏核不育系,2023年8月通过安徽省技术鉴定。皖香22S株高85.0 cm,平均每穗总颖花数193.5粒,千粒重24.0 g,株型紧凑,分蘖力较强,叶片直立内卷,有香味,冷水池育性鉴定在14.5 h、23.5℃、6 d条件下,花粉不育度99.95%,套袋自交结实率0.25%。皖香22S在合肥5月20日播种,播始历期为84 d,比近似品种常香39S短5 d左右,主茎叶龄13.2叶。柱头外露率和异交结实率较高。稻瘟病、稻曲病和白叶枯病抗性较好;米质较优;所配组合杂种优势强,其中皖香22S/银月丝苗在2023年的小区优势鉴定中,较丰两优4号增产9.35%,差异达极显著水平。

基于深度强化学习算法的双边装配线第一类平衡

针对传统优化算法求解双边装配线第一类平衡问题时不能有效利用历史求解经验,难以得到最优解,提出一种深度强化学习求解算法CNN-PPO。设计了CNN-PPO强化学习智能体结构,在近端策略优化算法基础上,引入卷积神经网络增强智能体的数据特征提取能力;根据双边装配线问题特征,定义状态矩阵对双边装配线问题进行描述,并引入标记层辅助智能体进行任务决策;根据问题优化目标设计了奖励函数,结合强化学习在线执行—评价机制,为每次决策选择最优的待分配任务,并通过多个案例测试验证了算法的有效性和稳定性。实验结果表明,所提方法的求解结果具有优越性,59个测试案例中有57个可以达到下界。

手术联合A型肉毒毒素治疗重度眉间纹

目的 探讨手术联合A型肉毒毒素注射治疗重度眉间纹的临床疗效。方法 前瞻性选取16例于2019年1月至2022年1月期间就诊的重度眉间纹患者,入组患者均接受手术联合A型肉毒毒素注射治疗(术后即刻注射),术后定期随访,观察并分析入组患者的临床疗效。结果 术后6个月回访,完全改善2例(12.5%),明显改善8例(50.0%),改善6例(37.5%)。入组患者治疗效果均满意。结论 手术联合A型肉毒毒素治疗重度眉间纹临床疗效满意,值得临床应用推广。

展颖野生稻株高性状的遗传与SD1基因的等位变异分析

为了探究SSSL-B50和华粳籼74(HJX74)株高差异的原因,利用SSSL-B50与HJX74回交构建F2群体进行株高性状遗传分析与基因定位。结果显示,F1植株表现为高秆;260个单株组成的F2群体株高出现分离,高秆植株与半矮秆植株分离比例符合3∶1(χ^(2)=0.18<3.84),说明SSSL-B50高秆性状为显性性状,受1对显性等位基因控制。利用IciMapping软件对F2进行连锁分析,将SSSL-B50携带的高秆基因定位在1号染色体代换片段上的标记S18和X161之间38.38~39.07 Mb。候选基因筛选分析发现,定位区间内存在着“绿色革命”基因座位SD1。对展颖野生稻、SSSL-B50及HJX74进行SD1基因测序及序列比对,发现HJX74的CDS序列与展颖野生稻、SSSL-B50相比有280 bp的缺失,导致氨基酸编码提前终止。qRT-PCR结果表明,SD1表达量在SSSL-B50茎秆的第2,3,4节均显著高于HJX74。此外,与前人报道结果相比,展颖野生稻SD1基因编码的氨基酸序列发生了2处改变(E100G、Q339R)。研究结果弄清楚了展颖野生稻单片段代换系SSSL-B50高秆性状受SD1调控,同时从展颖野生稻鉴定到了SD1的新等位型SD1Glu。

日本都市圈市域铁路敷设方式和线路类型浅析及对我国的启示

当前我国市域铁路面临重要发展机遇,研究采用何种适宜的建设模式以提高运营效能、降低建设成本成为当前急需研究的热点和难点课题。该文通过简析日本都市圈市域铁路敷设方式和线路类型,总结出不同建设模式的适应性,提出我国市域铁路规划建设中急需理念创新,因地制宜地选择敷设方式和线路类型,采用集约、韧性的建设模式,以应对客流变化和多样化的运营需求,切实提高市域铁路的服务水平,打造轨道上的都市圈,提升城市的竞争力和影响力。

典型高风险植被火条件下导线——板间隙击穿特性

为准确评估山火条件下架空输电线路的跳闸风险,提升电网安全运行水平,文中对南方电网典型高风险植被火条件下导线—板间隙击穿特性进行了研究。搭建模拟植被火燃烧特征试验平台和模拟山火间隙击穿试验平台,研究了云南松、水杉、速生桉、灌木和茅草5种植被的火焰燃烧特征参数和间隙击穿特性,对不同植被的火焰温度、火焰高度、灰分含量和可燃物热值与导线—板间隙击穿特性的关系进行研究。研究结果表明上述因素与间隙平均击穿电压梯度近似呈线性关系,并拟合得到其多元线性回归公式。使用熵权法得到火焰温度在植被燃烧特征中所占权重最高,上述5种植被中云南松的山火跳闸风险最高。文章研究结果可为架空输电线路山火跳闸风险评估提供参考。

新型数字式线型感温探测器及电缆隧道火灾适应性研究

为了解决传统线型感温电缆在电缆隧道中无法对火灾进行有效定位和精确预警等问题,研发一种新型数字式线型感温探测器。在传统感温电缆的技术基础上,分布式插入消防芯片,与原有热敏材料结合,进行火源定位和数据处理;应用多源数据融合及自适应算法,考虑环境影响,整合多类数据,实现精准预警;升级输出预警方式,可用多设备观测沿缆的实时温度、温度云图。对产品进行技术指标检定合格后,参考国家标准和电缆隧道环境,进行了小火源性能测试、差温报警性能测试、沸水试验测试。结果表明,该探测器符合国家标准,且在湿热环境下运行稳定,可靠性较强。