Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ ...Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.展开更多
This study was done to assess whether self monitoring of blood glucose is associated with better glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic Trinidadians. Data was collected from 146 type 2 diabetics via interviews and medic...This study was done to assess whether self monitoring of blood glucose is associated with better glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic Trinidadians. Data was collected from 146 type 2 diabetics via interviews and medical files. Variables extracted included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile. Recent users of the glucometer had better glycemic control compared with longstanding users (HbA1c: 8.4% ± 0.28% vs 9.4% ± 0.62%). Diabetics using a glucometer for >11 years had the highest cholesterol (234 ± 27mg/dL) while those using it 6 months to 5 yrs had the lowest values (206 ± 8 mg/dL). Using the glucometer occasionally or once a week had little impact on these indices. Usage of insulin preparation was positively correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.295;p = 0.001) while those relying on oral hypoglycaemic agents showed a negative correlation (r = -0.265). Further, those who took their medication as prescribed had a lower HbA1c than those who took their medication occasionally. Ironically, HbA1c fell with increasing duration between clinic visits with those visiting annually having the lowest HbA1c (9.0% ± 0.2% vs 7.1% ± 0.7%). Compliance with lifestyle and exercise resulted in lower HbA1c and blood lipids. Poor client education on glucometer usage, administration of insulin and non-compliance with diet and exercise were associated with higher HbA1c.展开更多
目的探讨马来酸依那普利叶酸片与硝苯地平控释片联合应用于H型高血压患者中的效果。方法选取2020年6月至2021年6月滕州市中医医院收治的94例H型高血压患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各47例。对照组应用硝苯地平控释片治疗...目的探讨马来酸依那普利叶酸片与硝苯地平控释片联合应用于H型高血压患者中的效果。方法选取2020年6月至2021年6月滕州市中医医院收治的94例H型高血压患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各47例。对照组应用硝苯地平控释片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用马来酸依那普利叶酸片治疗,比较两组临床疗效、糖脂代谢水平、血压控制效果、血浆高同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平及不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.74%,高于对照组的82.98%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白A1c(HbAlc)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及总胆固醇(TC)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组收缩压、舒张压均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组血浆HCY水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论马来酸依那普利叶酸片联合硝苯地平控释片治疗H型高血压患者疗效显著,有利于改善患者糖脂代谢,降低血压与HCY水平,且不会增加不良反应的发生,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
目的:通过Meta分析综合定量评价低容量高强度间歇训练对预防肥胖或超重人群心血管疾病的效果,进一步验证低容量高强度间歇训练在肥胖等特殊人群中应用的可行性。方法:在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library和EBSCO-SPO...目的:通过Meta分析综合定量评价低容量高强度间歇训练对预防肥胖或超重人群心血管疾病的效果,进一步验证低容量高强度间歇训练在肥胖等特殊人群中应用的可行性。方法:在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library和EBSCO-SPORTD运动科学全文数据库检索关于低容量高强度间歇训练相关研究的随机对照试验文献,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年2月。由2名研究人员对所纳入的研究进行筛选、质量评价和数据提取,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0软件对结局指标进行Meta分析,包括合并效应量、亚组分析、Leave-One-Out敏感性分析以及发表Egger检验和绘制漏斗图。该方案已在国际系统综述前瞻性注册中心注册(CRD42024534409)。结果:①最终筛选纳入符合要求的13项随机对照试验,共包含349例受试者,纳入文献整体质量较高。②低容量高强度间歇训练干预对心肺适能(SMD=-0.65,95%CI:-0.87至-0.43,P<0.05)、收缩压(SMD=0.38,95%CI:0.11-0.65,P<0.05)、舒张压(SMD=0.42,95%CI:0.15-0.68,P<0.05)和体脂百分比(SMD=0.25,95%CI:0.02-0.49,P<0.05)4项指标具有改善效果。③低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比在改善超重或肥胖人群心肺适能、收缩压、舒张压、体脂百分比、标准体质量、体质量指数、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇指标方面干预效果相似(P>0.05),但在改善三酰甘油效果方面中等强度持续训练优于低容量高强度间歇训练(SMD=-0.30,95%CI:-0.57至-0.02,P<0.05)。④亚组分析结果进一步显示,低容量高强度间歇训练和中等强度持续训练干预对各项指标的改善效果相似。结论:当前证据表明,低容量高强度间歇训练可以有效提升超重或肥胖人群的心肺适应能力以及促进减脂和血压调控,且改善效果与中等强度持续训练相似。短时间的低容量高强度间歇训练相比于长时间的中等强度持续训练更具有时间效益。建议未来通过更多研究确定适用于超重或肥胖人群最佳的低容量高强度间歇训练运动处方。展开更多
Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the ...Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P < 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P < 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P < 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P < 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P < 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yel owness(b*)3 d(P = 0.01), b*6 d(P < 0.01) and E*6 d(P < 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the m RNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2, P = 0.03),GSTT1(P = 0.04), and SOD1(P = 0.05) were decreased, and the m RNA levels of JNK1(P = 0.07), Nrf2(P = 0.09), and GSTA3(P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the m RNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group(P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle.Conclusions: Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE(antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO_2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO_2 compared to GS with 79% CO_2 and no GS.展开更多
The transfer of proteins and nucleic acids from donor to acceptor cells via small membrane vesicles has been implicated with (patho)physiological consequences. Previously the upregulation of esterification and downreg...The transfer of proteins and nucleic acids from donor to acceptor cells via small membrane vesicles has been implicated with (patho)physiological consequences. Previously the upregulation of esterification and downregulation of lipolysis in small rat adipocytes upon incubation with exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) released from large adipocytes and harbouring the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, Gce1 and CD73, transcripts specific for FSP27 and GPAT3, and microRNAs, miR-16 and miR-222 was demonstrated. Here the release of EMVs from large (but not small) primary and differentiated and human rat adipocytes in response to palmitate, H2O2 and the anti-diabetic sulfonylurea, glimepiride, is shown to be significantly reduced upon inhibition of histone H3 lysine9 methyltransferase G9a by trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (tPCPA) and histone H3 lysine4 demethylase LSD1 by BIX01294. Inhibition of EMV release by tPCPA and BIX01294 was not caused by apoptosis but accompanied by upregulation of the H2O2-induced stimulation of lipid synthesis and downregulation of lipolysis in large (but not small) primary and differentiated rat and human adipocytes. In contrast, the simultaneous presence of tPCPA and BIX-01294 had almost no effect on the induced release of EMVs and lipid metabolism. These findings argue for regulation of the release of EMVs harbouring specific GPI-anchored proteins, transcripts and microRNAs from rat and human adipocytes by histone H3 methylation at lysines 4 and 9 in interdependent fashion. Thus the EMV-mediated transfer of lipogenic and anti-lipolytic information between large and small adipocytes in response to certain physiological and pharmacological stimuli seems to be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms.展开更多
文摘Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.
文摘This study was done to assess whether self monitoring of blood glucose is associated with better glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic Trinidadians. Data was collected from 146 type 2 diabetics via interviews and medical files. Variables extracted included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile. Recent users of the glucometer had better glycemic control compared with longstanding users (HbA1c: 8.4% ± 0.28% vs 9.4% ± 0.62%). Diabetics using a glucometer for >11 years had the highest cholesterol (234 ± 27mg/dL) while those using it 6 months to 5 yrs had the lowest values (206 ± 8 mg/dL). Using the glucometer occasionally or once a week had little impact on these indices. Usage of insulin preparation was positively correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.295;p = 0.001) while those relying on oral hypoglycaemic agents showed a negative correlation (r = -0.265). Further, those who took their medication as prescribed had a lower HbA1c than those who took their medication occasionally. Ironically, HbA1c fell with increasing duration between clinic visits with those visiting annually having the lowest HbA1c (9.0% ± 0.2% vs 7.1% ± 0.7%). Compliance with lifestyle and exercise resulted in lower HbA1c and blood lipids. Poor client education on glucometer usage, administration of insulin and non-compliance with diet and exercise were associated with higher HbA1c.
文摘目的探讨马来酸依那普利叶酸片与硝苯地平控释片联合应用于H型高血压患者中的效果。方法选取2020年6月至2021年6月滕州市中医医院收治的94例H型高血压患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各47例。对照组应用硝苯地平控释片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用马来酸依那普利叶酸片治疗,比较两组临床疗效、糖脂代谢水平、血压控制效果、血浆高同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平及不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.74%,高于对照组的82.98%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白A1c(HbAlc)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及总胆固醇(TC)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组收缩压、舒张压均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组血浆HCY水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论马来酸依那普利叶酸片联合硝苯地平控释片治疗H型高血压患者疗效显著,有利于改善患者糖脂代谢,降低血压与HCY水平,且不会增加不良反应的发生,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31601978)the China Agriculture Research System-Beijing Team for Poultry Industrythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P < 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P < 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P < 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P < 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P < 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yel owness(b*)3 d(P = 0.01), b*6 d(P < 0.01) and E*6 d(P < 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the m RNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2, P = 0.03),GSTT1(P = 0.04), and SOD1(P = 0.05) were decreased, and the m RNA levels of JNK1(P = 0.07), Nrf2(P = 0.09), and GSTA3(P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the m RNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group(P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle.Conclusions: Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE(antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO_2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO_2 compared to GS with 79% CO_2 and no GS.
文摘The transfer of proteins and nucleic acids from donor to acceptor cells via small membrane vesicles has been implicated with (patho)physiological consequences. Previously the upregulation of esterification and downregulation of lipolysis in small rat adipocytes upon incubation with exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) released from large adipocytes and harbouring the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, Gce1 and CD73, transcripts specific for FSP27 and GPAT3, and microRNAs, miR-16 and miR-222 was demonstrated. Here the release of EMVs from large (but not small) primary and differentiated and human rat adipocytes in response to palmitate, H2O2 and the anti-diabetic sulfonylurea, glimepiride, is shown to be significantly reduced upon inhibition of histone H3 lysine9 methyltransferase G9a by trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (tPCPA) and histone H3 lysine4 demethylase LSD1 by BIX01294. Inhibition of EMV release by tPCPA and BIX01294 was not caused by apoptosis but accompanied by upregulation of the H2O2-induced stimulation of lipid synthesis and downregulation of lipolysis in large (but not small) primary and differentiated rat and human adipocytes. In contrast, the simultaneous presence of tPCPA and BIX-01294 had almost no effect on the induced release of EMVs and lipid metabolism. These findings argue for regulation of the release of EMVs harbouring specific GPI-anchored proteins, transcripts and microRNAs from rat and human adipocytes by histone H3 methylation at lysines 4 and 9 in interdependent fashion. Thus the EMV-mediated transfer of lipogenic and anti-lipolytic information between large and small adipocytes in response to certain physiological and pharmacological stimuli seems to be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms.
