Clinical evaluation of HPV DNA test combined with liquid-based cytology in the diagnosis of cervical disease

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of the HPV DNA test in conjunction with thin prep cytology test as a screening method of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To study either the cervical erosion is related to high risk HPV infection or to determine the mean age distribution that is more prone to HPV infection. Material and Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort implemented to determine the real performance of liquid based medium and HPV DNA testing combined in second clinical hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China. The study group included total 150 patients from January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2012. A computerized search identified patients with thin prep test results and high risk HPV DNA testing during a 2-year period was recruited. The patients were chosen after proper speculum examination followed by thin prep cytology (TCT) and HPV DNA test. Cytologic specimens were obtained with endocervical brush, which was rinsed into the vial of Cytyc. The residual samples after the cytology report were taken for reflex HPV DNA test. The manufacture protocol was followed for HPV DNA testing using Hybrid Capture II. Colposcopic biopsy was performed for the diagnosis purpose, in patients who had atypical squamous cells of undeter-mined significance (AUS-US), low grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in cytology and with positive results of highrisk HPV DNA. The diagnostic criteria were based on the Bethesda System (TBS). Findings: The high risk HPV positive women with abnormal cytology had a CIN I risk of 73 (86%), whereas 35 (23.3%) high-risk HPV positive women out of 109 (72.7%) normal cytology who underwent histological biopsy had CIN I 16 (10.7%). The risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with high-risk HPV positive with normal cytology was higher among women invited for the first time 31 - 40 years of age 12 (8%) than among older women 1 (0.7%). Out of 44 (29.3%) women who had I degree erosion with 6 (14%) positive HPV DNA test 38 (86%) had a normal histology biopsy showing no statically significant between them. Conclusion: The data confirm that HR-HPV DNA testing is much more sensitive than cytology alone and that HPV DNA testing helps in identifying women with high risk of serious cervical disease in an efficient and medically acceptable manner. The other most significant advantage of this cervical cancer screening method is that women who are HPV DNA positive can easily and quickly referred for colposcopic examination (within one year), which could identify the precancerous and cancer stage. And those who are HPV DNA negative can safely have much longer screening intervals saving considerable costs. With mean age being 38 ± 10 years, age older than 30 years should undergo HPV DNA testing with cytology triage in primary screening. But in woman younger than 30 years using HPV DNA assay, as an initial screening step can increase the prevalence of abnormal smears and the positive predictive value of HPV followed by TCT. However, close follow-up is essential if the initial biopsy is negative because a considerable number of women may have HPV infection positive in subsequent studies.

Diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology and smear cytology in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Smear cytology(SC)using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is the established and traditional choice for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.Liquid-based cytology(LBC)is a novel alternative cytological method,however,the comparative diagnostic efficacy of LBC remains inconclusive.AIM To examine the diagnostic efficacy of LBC and SC for pancreatic specimens obtained through EUS-FNA via a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The numbers of true positives,false positives,true negatives,and false negatives for each cytological test(LBC and CS)were extracted from the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were calculated,and the AUC was compared by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies II tool.RESULTS A total of 1656 patients in eight studies were included.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the AUC for LBC were 0.76(95%CI:0.72-0.79),1.00(95%CI:0.98-1.00),and 0.9174,respectively,for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.The pooled estimates for SC were as follows:Sensitivity,0.68(95%CI:0.64-0.71);specificity,0.99(95%CI:0.96-100.00);and AUC,0.9714.Similarly,the corresponding values for LBC combined with SC were 0.87(95%CI:0.84-0.90),0.99(95%CI:0.96-1.00),and 0.9894.Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare the sensitivities and AUCs of the three diagnostic methods;statistically significant differences were found between the three methods,and LBC combined with SC was superior to both LBC(P<0.05)and SC(P<0.05).The pooled sensitivity and AUC did not change significantly in the sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION LBC may be sensitive than SC in the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic lesions,however,the superior diagnostic performance of their combination emphasizes their integrated usage in the clinical evaluation of pancreatic lesions.

Comparison of smear cytology with liquid-based cytology in pancreatic lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a safe and accurate technique to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic cancers.Recently,numerous studies comparing the diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology(SC)and liquid-based cytology(LBC)for pancreatic lesions yielded mixed results.AIM To compare and identify the better cytology method for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane was undertaken through July 18,2020.The primary endpoint was diagnostic accuracy(sensitivity and specificity).Secondary outcomes included sample adequacy and post procedure complications.In addition,factors affecting diagnostic efficacy were discussed.RESULTS Data on a total of 1121 comparisons from 10 studies met the inclusion criteria.Pooled rates of sensitivity for SC and LBC were 78%(67%-87%)vs 75%(67%-81%),respectively.In any case,both SC and LBC exhibited a high specificity close to 100%.Inadequate samples more often appeared in LBC compared with SC.However,the LBC samples exhibited a better visual field than SC.Very few post procedure complications were observed.CONCLUSION Our data suggested that for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions(particularly solid lesions),SC with Rapid On-Site Evaluation represents a superior diagnostic technique.If Rapid On-Site Evaluation is unavailable,LBC may replace smears.The diagnostic accuracy of LBC depends on different LBC techniques.

Comparative Study of Cell Findings by Conventional Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology for Oral Exfoliative Cytology

Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a method of manufacturing cyto-diagnostic specimens. Improved accuracy is expected from standardizing specimen production and use of this method is rapidly spreading in oral cytology. On the other hand, LBC reportedly requires training to show peculiar cell findings compared to those of conventional smear cytology (CVC). Few studies have compared detailed cell findings for oral CVC and LBC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cytological findings between CVC and LBC using cytomorphological image analysis. Materials and Methods: Cytological specimens were collected from 20 patients (negative for squamous neoplasia in 10, dysplasia in 5, squamous cell carcinoma in 5) and 5 controls of the tongue between January 2017 and December 2018. Two different preparation techniques were investigated cytomorphologically for CVC and LBC (BD CytorichTM). Results: LBC showed significantly higher cell numbers than CVC for all lesions. LBC-to-CVC ratio ranged from 9.52 (hyperkeratosis) to 1.87 (deep cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)). Nuclear area of normal, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation were significantly higher in LBC than those of CVC. Hyperchromasia was significantly more frequent with CVC than with LBC for hyperkeratosis, inflammation, dysplasia and OSCC. There was no significant difference in circularity between CVC and LBC among all lesions. Conclusion: Only one cytomorphological disadvantage was seen with LBC, in the form of decreased hyperchromasia. Further clarification of the advantages and disadvantages of LBC is needed, including management of precision and screening practices.

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Detected with Cervical Liquid-Based Cytology: Old Concerns or New Facilities?

Background: The detection of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) in cervical samples is not a common finding. Therefore, we aimed to report VAINs detected in liquid-based cytology (LBC) from women examined at Hospital das Clínicas of Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University. Materials and Methods: We evaluated LBC samples from women referred to gynecology examination for different reasons (previous abnormal PapTest, follow up of treated cervical lesion, ecc) and women examined for regular screening proposals, and compared with biopsy diagnoses, including the controversial diagnoses of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Results: From 1866 patients, 1423 (76.3%) cases were negative and 443 (23.7%) were positive for any cellular alteration. Age of patients ranged from 12 to 86 years. We detected 25 histologically confirmed VAIN (1.3% p = 0.0002 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0090 - 0.0198) and 1.1% VAIN (p = 0.0031 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0077 - 0.0179). Conclusion: The identification of VAIN in routine is feasible;the professionals involved with cytological examination should be aware of these lesions in Pap test samples.

Follow-up study on ThinPrep cytology test-positive patients in tropical regions

BACKGROUND As shown in the statistics from the World Health Organization,it is estimated that approximately 75000 new cases of cervical cancer occur every year in China.In 2008,33000 people died of cervical cancer in China.It is proven that most women are at risk of cervical cancer.The progression from human papillomavirus(HPV)infection to cervical cancer can be several years or decades,which offers a unique opportunity to prevent cancer.AIM To observe the changes in ThinPrep cytology tests(TCT)and HPV infection in patients who were detected to be positive via TCT screening of cervical cancer and further explore the biopsy results.METHODS This paper performed a follow-up study on 206 cervical cancer screening-positive patients of 12231 total cases from our previous research.We conducted an observational study on the TCT results based on the interpretation of The Bethesda System.RESULTS Over a 5-year period,10 cases received consistent follow-up.The proportions of cases in which glandular epithelial lesions were detected increased over the follow-up period.The differences between the years were statistically significant(P<0.01).Over the 5 years,the proportion of patients whose squamous epithelial lesions transformed into glandular epithelial lesions increased yearly.Annual positive rates of HPV infection were:year 1,73%(24/33);year 2,43%(6/14);year 3,36%(9/25);year 4,50%(9/18);and year 5,25%(6/24).The positive detection rate after biopsy over a 9-year period was 29%.CONCLUSION The follow-up study for 5 years to 9 years revealed a tendency to change from squamous epithelial lesions to glandular epithelial lesions and an improvement of the disease(which had not been reported previously).The HPV test indicated a high negative conversion ratio of the viral infection.However,the follow-up cases were not found to have persistent infection of high-risk HPV.Therefore,early intervention of cervical cancer screening is necessary.Low re-examination compliance,patient education,and preventive measures should be enhanced.

p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology used for triage in cervical cancer opportunistic screening

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of p16/Ki-67 dual stain used as a triage in cervical cancer screening.Methods:In this study,we did 468 p16/Ki-67 dual stain in human papillomavirus(HPV)16/18-positive or 12 other high-risk HPV(OHR-HPV)positive Thinprep cytologic test(TCT)atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS)/lower-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL)women.We evaluated the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)of the triage test.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of p16/Ki-67 dual stain in HPV 16/18-positive women were91.5%/68.4%,77.0%/75.0%,73.9%/59.1%and 92.8%/81.8%.In 12 OHR-HPV positive TCT ASCUS/LSIL women,the results were 79.1%/95.0%,88.5%/66.7%,88.5%/70.4%and 89.2%/94.1%.The risk of precancerous lesions in p16/Ki-67 dual stain positive cases was much higher than before,and the negative cases had lower risk.Besides,there was no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)III case missed after triaged by p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology.In p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology positive women with benign pathology or CIN I,the 1-year progression rate is 20.5%and in p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology negative women,the 1-year progression rate is5.6%.Conclusions:hr-HPV genotyping test plays an important role in cervical cancer screening.p16/Ki-67 dual stain may be a promising triage test.As for chronic cervicitis or CIN I patients,a positive p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology suggests a high risk in progression and need to be followed up closely.

Correlative analysis between abnormal cervical cytology and pathology of vaginoscopic biopsy or conization

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)III/ carcinoma in situ (CIS) by correlating analysis between abnormal cervical cytologic findings and pathological diagnosis of vaginoscopic biopsies or conization.Methods: Routine cervical cytology screening was performed in 31,634 cases by fluid-based thin-layer method (ThinPrep cytology test, TCT), 948 patients had both abnormal squamous cell appearance by TCT and pathological diagnosis of vaginoscopic biopsies and /or cervical conization. The predictive value of CINIII/CIS were studied retrospectively by correlating analysis of different cytology abnormalities and pathology diagnosis.Results: Cytologically, 1,260 out of 31,634 TCT tests showed abnormal squamous cells appearance, including atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 675 cases(2.13%), low squamous intraepithelial lesion (L-SIL) 379 cases(1.20%), high squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL)176 cases(0.56%),cancer 30 cases (0.09%). Among 948 patients with pathological diagnosis, there were CINII-III in 70 cases(7.38%) and CINIII/CIS in 56 cases.(5.91%). The relative risks (RR) of different precancerous TCT results in predicting CIN III/CIS validated by pathology are as follow: AUSCUS 14.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0-27.0), Lsil 13.9% (95% CI 6.3-30.9), Hsil 126.1 (95% CI 60.6-218.6). The RR of AUSCUS group is not significantly different from that of L-SIL group(P =0.951). However, the RR of CINⅢ/CIS morbidity between the H-SIL or cancer group and the ASCUS or L-SIL group are significantly different (all P value <0.01).Conclusion: Vaginoscopic biopsy could verify pathological CINⅡ-Ⅲ and CINⅢ/CIS from cases with abnormal TCT results. There is significantly greater risk of being CINⅢ/CIS validated by vaginoscopic biopsy in the H-SILpatients,while ASCUS and L-SIL group have the coequal risk.

Concordance in the Interpretation of Cervical Cytology for the Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

Objective: To identify the diagnostic concordance in the interpretation of cervical smears. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study from October 2011 to January 2013. 50 samples were read by every 4 cyto-technologists who are the total staffs that read and interpret cytological specimens from a public health institution of the city of San Luis Potosí, México. The cytological diagnosis was confirmed by a certified pathologist. Checklist was developed to determine the quality of the interpretation composed of three sections: adequate sample, inadequate sample and cytological diagnosis. The diagnostic report was made by Bethesda System 2001 classification. Diagnostic concordance was measured through the Kappa coefficient. To establish the differences in cytological diagnosis between each cyto-technologist, chi square test was applied. Results: The concordance is acceptable in the classification of samples as inadequate (k = 0.66). The negative diagnosis was a significant concordance between each cytotechnologist and pathologist;however, no case had very good concordance. In the epithelial abnormalities, only the cytotechnologist 2 had significant concordance with the pathologist, however, its concordance is low. In the case of glandular abnormalities, only cytotechnologist 1 had no significant concordance with the pathologist. The percentage of true negatives was 30%, true positives 20%, false negatives 50% and false positives 0 %. There are significant differences between the readings of cyto-technologist 1 and 2 (p < 0.008), between 1 to 4 (p < 0.001), between 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), and finally between 3 and 4 (p < 0.003). Conclusions: The concordance between cyto-technologists and pathologists is below the required minimum level set by national and international standards.

纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查在肺癌诊断价值的研究

目的:研究纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查(LCT)在肺癌诊断价值。方法:选取2023年4月到2024年3月间江门市新会区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科首诊患者80名,所有患者均采用传统支气管镜活检、刷检涂片细胞学检查和刷检LCT检查的方法。传统刷检涂片细胞学检查(CS)为对照组,支气管镜刷检LCT检查为液基组,支气管镜活检为钳检组。对比各组对肺癌诊断阳性率,分析液基组及对照组对肺癌组织类型的检查情况,对比两组对肺癌组织类型的检查结果。结果:液基组对肺癌诊断的阳性率为40.00%(32/80),较对照组的25.00%(20/80)明显更高(P<0.05)。但液基组与钳检组比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。LCT对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为83.33%(10/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为42.86%(6/14),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为75.00%(9/12)。CS对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为41.67%(5/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为66.67%(8/12),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为35.71%(5/14)。液基组对于肺癌组织类型为鳞癌以及小细胞癌的符合率较对照组更高(P<0.05),但两组对腺癌的符合率比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:应用纤支镜下刷检LCT检查在肺癌的诊断价值较高,且值得在临床诊断过程中给予推广。

HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合细胞学检查用于子宫颈癌早期筛查的初步评价

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA联合液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)用于宫颈癌早期筛查的初步评价。方法收集2015年10月—2019年7月在本院进行宫颈癌筛查患者825例,均进行HPV E6/E7 mRNA、TCT检测,以组织病理学为金标准,分析HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT联合检测用于评估患者宫颈病变风险的诊断效能。结果HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测和TCT检测不同病理分级患者宫颈慢性炎、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、宫颈癌的阳性率分别为12.17%、39.04%、86.61%、87.88%和36.51%、82.89%、82.14%、81.82%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测的敏感性为86.90%,特异性为80.44%,准确性为81.58%。TCT检测的敏感性为82.07%,特异性为50.74%,准确性为56.24%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合TCT检测的敏感性为70.34%,特异性为83.68%,准确性为81.33%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT联合检测特异性高于单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT两种检测方法的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837和0.664,两者联合检测的AUC为0.860,差异性显著(P<0.001),提示联合诊断可提高诊断宫颈HSIL的性能。结论HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合TCT能够更好预测宫颈病变的进展,且针对高级别病变的筛查具有更高的特异性,可为临床宫颈癌筛查提供参考。

PAX1甲基化与p16/Ki-67联合检测提高宫颈癌非典型鳞状细胞的诊断效能

目的 比较配对盒家族基因1(paired boxed gene 1,PAXl)甲基化与p16/Ki-67双染单独及联合检测在薄层液基细胞学检查(thinprep cytologic test, TCT)为意义不明的非典型鳞状细胞(atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, ASC-US)及低级别鳞状上皮内病变(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, LSIL)人群中的诊断效能。方法 选择郑州大学第一附属医院2021-2022年247例TCT结果为ASC-US和LSIL患者,以阴道镜下病理结果为金标准,敏感度、特异性、准确度与ROC曲线下面积(area under the subject curve, AUC)为评价指标,比较PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67双染单独及联合检测的检验效能。结果 PAX1甲基化与p16/Ki-67双染的阳性率随着阴道镜下病理结果的严重程度而增加,PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67联合检测在TCT为ASC-US人群中的敏感度为91.25%、特异度为97.72%、准确度为95.51%,优于甲基化、p16/Ki-67双染单独检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67双染联合检测可以提高TCT结果为ASC-US患者的诊断效能。

新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查在早期食管癌筛查中的应用研究

目的评价新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查在早期食管癌筛查中的诊断效能。方法纳入四川省人民医院、南充市中心医院、盐亭县人民医院符合条件的体检人群,进行胃镜检查和新型食管细胞采集器检查,以胃镜-病理学结果为金标准,评价该检查在不同食管病变中的诊断效能;并绘制ROC曲线评价其对早期食管癌的筛查效能。结果新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查对高级别上皮内瘤变筛查能力最好(灵敏度90.91%,特异度99.737%);对于早期食管癌的筛查ROC曲线下面积为0.946(0.899~0.994),灵敏度为84.20%,特异度为96.20%,约登指数0.804。结论新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查对各食管病变筛查的特异度超过90%,适合成为早期食管癌的筛查手段。

液基薄层细胞学检查、高危型人乳头瘤病毒联合血清鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原对宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变+的诊断效能

目的探讨液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)联合血清鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCCA)对宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)+的诊断效能。方法选取2020年1月至2022年10月池州市人民医院诊治的243例宫颈病变患者作为研究对象。所有患者均行TCT、HR-HPV、阴道镜下活检组织病理学检测及血清SCCA检测。以组织病理学结果为金标准,比较TCT、HR-HPV、血清SCCA单独及联合检测对宫颈HSIL+的诊断效能。结果243例患者组织病理学检查结果为:低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)32例,HSIL 173例,宫颈癌38例。TCT阳性率72.43%,HR-HPV阳性率83.54%,随着宫颈病理级别升高,TCT及HR-HPV检测阳性率随之升高(P<0.05)。血清SCCA阳性163例,随着宫颈病理级别的升高,血清SCCA阳性率及SCCA表达量均随之升高(P<0.05)。TCT+HR-HPV+SCCA三者联合检测的灵敏度、阴性预测值及准确性均高于各项单独检测和两两联合检测(P<0.05)。结论血清SCCA检测结果与宫颈病理级别呈正相关,血清SCCA联合TCT、HR-HPV能提高HSIL+的诊断效能。

HPV检测联合TCT检查在宫颈上皮内瘤变诊断中的应用价值

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)检测与液基薄层细胞学(thinprep cytologic test,TCT)检查联合用于临床诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)的价值。方法 选择2021年1—12月在厦门医学院附属第二医院检验科进行CIN筛查的416例女性,均进行过HPV检测与TCT检查,其中150例经宫颈组织病理学诊断确诊为CIN,266例非CIN,以宫颈组织病理学诊断为“金标准”,分析HPV检测与TCT检查联合用于临床诊断CIN的价值。结果 联合诊断结果与宫颈组织病理学诊断结果的Kappa值为0.877,高于HPV检测与宫颈组织病理学诊断结果的Kappa值0.749,也高于TCT检查与宫颈组织病理学诊断结果的Kappa值0.694。HPV检测、TCT检查联合诊断宫颈癌的敏感度为96.00%(144/150)、特异度为93.23%(248/266)、准确度为94.23%(392/416)、阳性预测值为88.89%(144/162)、阴性预测值为97.64%(248/254),均高于HPV检测[87.33%(131/150)、88.72%(236/266)、88.22%(367/416)、81.37%(131/161)、92.55%(236/255)]、TCT检查[88.67%(133/150)、83.46%(222/266)、85.34%(355/416)、75.14%(133/177)、92.89%(222/239)],差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论HPV检测与TCT检查在临床诊断CIN中均具有一定的应用价值,两者联合可提升诊断价值。

宫颈癌筛查中TCT联合HPV的应用价值及与阴道感染关系

目的:探讨薄层液基细胞学(TCT)联合人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值,分析宫颈癌与阴道感染的关系。方法:收集2022年7月-2023年7月本中心行宫颈病变筛查的483名女性临床资料,纳入对象均行TCT、HPV检测,依据病理诊断结果分为非宫颈癌组(n=467)和宫颈癌(n=16),受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析TCT、HPV检测筛查宫颈癌价值;比较两组阴道感染率、阴道微生态情况。结果:以病理结果为依据,诊断宫颈癌TCT检测准确率为92.3%,HPV检测准确率为92.6%,2项联合检测准确率为98.1%;ROC分析,2项联合检测诊断宫颈癌的曲线下面积(0.953)高于TCT(0.777)、HPV(0.808),联合检测诊断特异度(96.8%)和敏感度(93.8%)更高(P<0.05);宫颈癌组阴道感染率(93.8%)高于非宫颈癌组(29.1%),过氧化氢(56.3%)、乳杆菌(50.0%)阳性率高于非宫颈癌组(31,1%、21.0%),唾液酸苷酶(6.3%)、白细胞酯酶(43.8%)阳性率低于非宫颈癌组(28.9%、75.4%)(均P<0.05)。结论:TCT联合HPV检测筛查宫颈癌价值较高,宫颈癌患者阴道感染率升高,阴道微生态发生变化,临床需多加关注。

TCT结合HR-HPV基因检测对宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查的临床意义

目的探讨液基细胞学(TCT)与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)基因联合检测对宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查的临床意义。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月于临夏州人民医院妇科门诊筛查宫颈病变者6762例,所有受检者同时行TCT、HR-HPV基因检测,对TCT和(或)HR-HPV基因检测结果阳性者行阴道镜和组织病理学检查,并以此为诊断标准,对比分析TCT、HR-HPV基因检测单独和联合检测在宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查中的诊断价值。结果6762例受检者中TCT检查和HR-HPV基因检测阳性分别有705例(10.43%)和884例(13.07%)。对1289例TCT和(或)HR-HPV基因检测阳性者行阴道镜和组织病理学检查,共检出阳性838例,占65.01%,其中CIN1占53.94%,CIN2占21.48%,CIN3占15.39%,宫颈癌占9.19%。以组织病理学结果为诊断金标准,TCT检查、HR-HPV基因检测以及TCT+HR-HPV基因检测的病理阳性率分别为40.65%、49.50%、54.38%,TCT+HR-HPV基因检测的病理阳性率显著高于单独TCT检查和HR-HPV基因检测,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=48.730、6.168,P<0.05)。TCT检查联合HR-HPV基因检测方法筛查宫颈癌及癌前病变的灵敏度为83.65%,准确率为84.54%,均高于TCT检查的64.68%、70.75%和HR-HPV基因检测的76.13%、78.28%(χ^(2)=79.550、41.259、15.145、4.262,P<0.05)。结论TCT与HR-HPV基因检测联合可提高宫颈癌及癌前病变的早期检出率。

血清HE4、SCC-Ag联合TCT检查诊断宫颈癌价值

目的:探讨血清人附睾上皮分泌蛋白4(HE4)、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)联合宫颈薄层液基细胞学检测(TCT)诊断宫颈癌(CC)价值。方法:收集2021年10月-2023年7月本院病理确诊CC患者40例(CC组)、宫颈良性病变(CBL组,包括宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变)患者228例为CBL组。对比两组血清HE4、SCC-Ag水平,两组HE4、SCC-Ag、TCT检测CL阳性检出率;根据病理结果分析血清HE4、SCC-Ag水平、TCT诊断CL价值。结果:CC组血清HE4(188.71±39.15 pmol/L)、SCC-Ag(1.81±0.21 ng/ml)水平高于CBL组(73.65±11.52 pmol/L、0.64±0.12 ng/ml)(P<0.05)。TCT、HE4、SCC-Ag诊断CC的灵敏度(82.5%、72.5%、75.0%),特异度(77.6%、87.7%、86.8%),准确度(78.4%、85.5%、85.1%),3项指标联合诊断CC的灵敏度70.0%、特异度93.9%、准确度90.3%,联合检测准确度高于各单独指标检测(P<0.05)。结论:CC患者血清HE4、SCC-Ag水平及TCT检测阳性率均高于CBL患者,3项指标联合诊断准确度提高。

液基细胞学、弹性超声及阴道镜检查对宫颈癌癌前病变的预测效能

目的探究液基细胞学(thinprep cytologic test,TCT)、弹性超声及阴道镜检查对宫颈癌癌前病变的预测效能。方法回顾234例宫颈癌前病变患者资料,所有患者均接受TCT、弹性超声及阴道镜检查,以宫颈组织病理学检测结果为“金标准”分析不同检测方法的预测价值。结果234例宫颈癌前病变患者包含宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)207例(88.46%),鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)27例(11.54%)。不同方法宫颈病变阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以TCT、弹性超声、阴道镜三者联合检查阳性检出率最高,TCT单独检测阳性检出率最低。不同方法预测宫颈癌癌前病变风险的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),其中以三者联合检查敏感度最高,而阴道镜检查特异度、阳性预测值均最高,弹性超声联合阴道镜准确率、阴性预测值均最高,TCT检测敏感度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性检测值均最低,TCT联合阴道镜检查特异度最低。结论TCT、弹性超声及阴道镜三者联合检查可提高CIN 2及以上宫颈癌癌前病变风险预测效能,但较弹性超声联合阴道镜检测无显著优势,临床可根据实际情况综合选择。

HPV DNA、HPV E6/E7蛋白和TCT在宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌筛查中的价值

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)DNA、HPV E6/E7蛋白和液基薄层细胞学检查(thin-prep cytology test,TCT)在宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)及宫颈癌筛查中的价值。方法 选取2021年7月至2022年6月于诸暨市人民医院妇科接受早期宫颈癌筛查的成年女性190例为研究对象,分别进行HPV DNA、HPVE6/E7蛋白及TCT检测,并进一步行阴道镜活检检查。比较不同病变患者的HPVDNA、HPVE6/E7蛋白和TCT对高级别病变的诊断效能。结果 CIN3及宫颈癌患者的HPV DNA、HPV E6/E7蛋白、TCT检查及三者联合检测的阳性率均显著高于宫颈炎患者(P<0.05),宫颈癌患者的HPV DNA、HPV E6/E7蛋白、TCT检查及三者联合检测的阳性率均显著高于CIN1患者(P<0.05)。CIN2+患者的HPV DNA、HPV E6/E7蛋白、TCT及三者联合检测的阳性率显著高于CIN1-患者。HPVDNA、HPVE6/E7蛋白、TCT三者联合诊断高级别病变的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为90.80%、30.10%、52.32%、79.48%。结论 HPV DNA、HPV E6/E7蛋白及TCT可作为筛查宫颈癌和癌前病变的手段,且三者联合检测的敏感度最高。