Phase separation and transcriptional regulation in cancer development

Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.

Title Supersonic Condensation and Separation Characteristics of CO_(2)-Rich Natural Gas under Different Pressures

Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of natural gas with high CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)content.The structures of the Laval nozzle and the supersonic separator were designed,and the mathematical models of supersonic condensation and swirling separation for CO_(2)-CH4 mixture gas were established.The supersonic condensation characteristics of CO_(2) in natural gas and the separation characteristics of condensed droplets under different inlet pressures were studied.The results show that higher inlet pressure results in a larger droplet radius and higher liquid phase mass fraction;additionally,the influence of centrifugal force is more pronounced,and the separation efficiency and removal efficiency of CO_(2) are higher.When the inlet pressure is 6 and 9 MPa,the liquefaction efficiency at the Laval nozzle outlet increases from 56.90%to 79.97%,and the outlet droplet radius increases from 0.39 to 0.72μm,and the removal efficiency is 31.25%and 54.52%,respectively.The effects of inlet pressures on the removal efficiency of the supersonic separator are complicated and are controlled by the combined effects of liquefaction capacity of the nozzle and centrifugal separation capacity of the swirl vane.

Theoretical research on vacuum separation of Au-Ag alloy

To provide an accurate prediction of the product component dependence of temperature and pressure in vacuum distillation and give convenient and efficient guidance for the designing of the process parameters of industrial production, according to the molecular interaction volume model(MIVM), the separation coefficient(β) and vapor-liquid equilibrium composition of Au-Ag alloy at different temperatures are calculated. Combined with the vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) theory, the VLE phase diagrams, including the temperature-composition(T-x) and pressure-composition(p-x) diagrams of Au-Ag alloy in vacuum distillation are plotted. The triple points and condensation temperatures of gold and silver vapors are calculated as well. The results show that the β decreases and the contents of gold in vapor phase increase with the distillation temperature increasing. Low pressures have positive effect on the separation of Ag and Au. The difference between the condensation temperatures of gold and silver is about 450 K in the pressure range of 1-10 Pa.

Development an Easy-to-Use Simulator to Thermodynamic Design of Gas Condensate Reservoir’s Separators

Separator design in petroleum engineering is so important because of its important role in the evaluation of optimum parameters and also to achieve to maximum stock tank liquid. However, no simulator exists that simultaneously and directly optimizes the parameters “pressure”, “temperature”, and so on. On the other hands, Commercial simulators fix one parameter and vary another parameter to achieve the optimum conditions. So, they need long-time simulation. Moreover, gas condensate reservoirs, like another reservoirs, have this problem as well. In present paper, a self-developed simulator applied in the optimized design of gas condensate reservoir’s separators by determining optimized pressure, temperature, and number of separators in order to obtain maximized tank liquid volume and minimized tank liquid density utilizing Matlab software and other commercial simulators such as Aspen-Plus, Aspen-Hysys, and PVTi to do a comparison. Also, each software was separately tested with one, two, and three separators to obtain the optimum number of separators. Additionally, Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) has been applied in the simulation. For simulation input, a set of field data of gas condensate reservoir has been utilized, as well. The results show a good compatibility of this simulator with other simulators but in so little runtime (this simulator calculates the optimum pressure and temperature in a wide range of pressures and temperatures with the help of a simultaneous optimization algorithm in one stage) and the highest stock tank liquid is calculated with this simulator in comparison to other simulators. Also, with the help of this simulator, we are able to obtain the optimum pressure, temperature, and the number of separators in the gas condensate reservoir’s separators with any desired properties. Finally, this simulator optimizes the temperatures for each separator and obtains very good results despite the other simulators that fix temperatures for all separators in most times.

Solid-state NMR studies of proteins in condensed phases

Some proteins perform their biological functions by changing their material states through liquid-liquid phase separation.Upon phase separation,the protein condenses into a concentrated liquid phase and sometimes into a gel phase,changing its dynamic properties and intermolecular interactions,thereby regulating cellular functions.Although the biological significance of this phenomenon has been widely recognized by researchers,there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the structural and dynamic properties of the protein in the condensed phase.In this phase,molecules usually contain domains with varied dynamic properties and undergo intermediate exchanges.Magic angle spinning(MAS)solid-state NMR(SSNMR)experiments are very powerful in studying rigid protein polymers such as amyloid.The incorporation of solution-like experiments into SSNMR and the development of J-coupling based MAS SSNMR techniques extend its ability to study partially mobile segments of proteins in a condensed liquid or gel phase which are not visible by solution NMR or dipolar-coupling based SSNMR.Therefore,it has been applied in studying protein condensation and has provided very important information that is hard to obtain by other techniques.

凝扩对分反思教学法在应用型高校商科专业英语教学中的应用

高校教育旨在培养商科专业学生的思维能力,其中审辩性思维是一种关键的能力,它能够帮助商科专业学生理性思考、批判性分析和有效沟通。该研究旨在探讨基于凝聚与扩展(凝扩)的对分反思教学法在提升高校商科专业学生审辩性思维中的作用。通过文献综述和实证研究,发现对分教学法结合凝聚与扩展策略可以有效促进商科专业学生的思维能力和批判性思维,提高他们的辩论技巧和表达能力。该研究为高校教师提供一种有效的教学方法,可以帮助商科专业学生更好地发展审辩性思维能力。

植物病毒蛋白液-液相分离的研究进展

生物大分子可以通过液-液相分离(LLPS)组装成无膜细胞器,确保各种生命活动在空间和时间上有序发生。植物病毒蛋白的LLPS对植物病毒的复制和长距离运输有着重要作用。对驱动LLPS的大分子多价相互作用种类、LLPS对促进植物病毒复制与侵染及干扰寄主防御的作用进行综述,为深入探究病毒如何增强自身复制能力和干扰寄主免疫功能等相关问题提供参考。

Fabrication of amino-functionalized Fe_3O_4@Cu_3(BTC)_2 for heterogeneous Knoevenagel condensation

Metal organic frameworks（MOFs） are an important platform for heterogeneous catalysts.Although MOFs with a smaller particle size exhibit better catalytic performance because of less diffusion limitations,their separation and recycling after catalytic reactions are difficult.The integration of MOFs with magnetic nanoparticles could facilitate their recovery and separation.Especially,the shell thickness of the core-shell structured composites is controllable.In this study,amino-functionalized Fe3O4@Cu3（BTC）2 was fabricated by a stepwise assembly method and its catalytic performance in Knoevenagel condensation was investigated.The results demonstrated that the magnetic hybrid material exhibited a core-shell structure,with a shell thickness of about 2 00 nm.Furthermore,it not only exhibited high catalytic activity,but remarkably,it could also be easily recovered magnetically and recycled without obvious loss of catalytic efficiency after three cycles.

Fe_3O_4@UiO-66-NH_2 core–shell nanohybrid as stable heterogeneous catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation

separation is an attractive alternative to filtration or centrifugation for separating solid catalysts from a liquid phase, Here, core-shell Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 nanohybrids with well-defined structures were constructed by dispersing magnets in a dimethylformamide （DMF） solution con- taining two metal-organic framework （MOF） precursors, namely ZrCI4 and 2-aminobenzenetricar- boxylic acid. This method is simpler and more efficient than previously reported step-by-step method in which magnets were consecutively dispersed in DMF solutions each containing one MOF precursor, and the obtained Fe304@UiO-66-NH2 with three assembly cycles has a higher degree of crystallinity and porosiW. The core-shell Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 is highly active and selective in Knoevenagel condensations because of the bifunctionality of UiO-66-NH2 and better mass transfer in the nano-sized shells. It also has good recycling stability, and can be recovered magnetically and reused at least four times without significant loss of catalytic activity and framework integrity. The effects of substitution on the reactivity of benzaldehyde and of substrate size were also investigated.

Numerical study of flow pattern modulation in a vertical phase separation condenser tube

The passive phase separation concept was proposed to modulate flow patterns for heat transfer enhancement. By the flow pattern modulation, the gas tends to be near the wall and the liquid tends to be in the tube core. Experiment has been performed to verify the fresh idea and the flow pattern modulation mechanism was analyzed qualitatively. This paper focuses on the numerical simulation of the bubble dynamics for a single bubble in the vertical phase separation condenser tube to quantitatively explore the flow pattern mechanism, based on a multiscale grid system and the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. It is found that: (1) the modulated liquid film thickness can be decreased by 70% compared to that in the bare tube region; (2) the modulated bubble traveling velocity can be doubled, causing the increased liquid velocity and velocity gradient in the annular region to weaken the fluid boundary layer; (3) the significantly increased bubble traveling velocity in the annular region promotes the mass and momentum exchange between the annular region and the core region, and yields the self-sustained pulsating flow in the core region. The above three factors are benefit for the performance improvement of the heat transfer facilities.

Simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate by vacuum membrane distillation with permeate fractional condensation

A vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)process with permeate fractional condensation on membrane downstream has been developed for simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate.The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membrane flux could reach 6000 g·m-2·h-1 with the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus(TP)over 0.99,under the condition of flowrate being 120 L·h-1 and temperature being 40°C.Membrane fouling occurred with a film of organics and microorganism deposited on the surface of the membrane.Membrane flux could be reversed after the membrane was rinsed by water.Higher feed temperature and flowrate could improve the membrane flux,while hardly affect the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus.The concentration of TP could reach 1600 mg·L-1 after membrane distillation,which is about 5 times of that in initial liquid digestate.On the downstream of the membrane,some of the permeate vapor was condensed under the vacuum condition and most of water was collected here.The remaining vapor enriched with total nitrogen(TN)was compressed and pumped to the atmospheric condition to condense.The TN concentration in atmospheric condensate was as high as 7000 mg·L-1 with the process separation factor for ammonia being enhanced to 114.

喷雾耦合降温强化旋风分离器脱除细颗粒物的研究

通过在冷凝换热器前耦合喷雾的方式,将雾化团聚和水汽相变团聚结合以提高旋风分离器对细颗粒物的脱除效果,用于湿式除尘器后近饱和高湿烟气的深度处理。通过开展实验室试验和某金属冶炼厂烟气旁路试验,考察了该技术对颗粒物的脱除特性。实验室研究结果表明,典型工况下喷雾耦合降温能够显著增强旋风分离器对颗粒物的脱除,比单独喷雾或降温具有更好的增强效果。提高喷雾量和换热器温降,细颗粒物脱除效率先升高后趋于稳定,在温降6℃、喷雾量0.046 L/m^(3)时达到最优脱除效果。烟气温度越高,湿度越接近饱和,细颗粒物脱除效率越高。工业烟气旁路试验表明,该系统适用于湿式除尘后的近饱和高湿烟气,且对波动工况的适应性强,当入口颗粒物浓度不超过2000 mg/m^(3)时,出口颗粒物浓度可保持在20 mg/m^(3)以内,平均脱除效率超过99.2%。

Plant RNA-binding proteins:Phase separation dynamics and functional mechanisms underlying plant development and stress responses

RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs undergo phase separation along with their bound RNA to form and function in dynamic membraneless biomolecular condensates for spatiotemporal coordination or regulation of RNA metabolism.Increasing evidence suggests that phase-separating RBPs with RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered regions play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation.Here,we summarize the current knowledge about how dynamic partitioning of RBPs into condensates controls plant development and enables sensing of experimental changes to confer growth plasticity under stress conditions,with a focus on the dynamics and functional mechanisms of RBP-rich nuclear condensates and cytoplasmic granules in mediating RNA metabolism.We also discuss roles of multiple factors,such as environmental signals,protein modifications,and N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation,in modulating the phase separation behaviors of RBPs,and highlight the prospects and challenges for future research on phase-separating RBPs in crops.

采用非共沸制冷剂的双喷气增焓两级压缩热泵循环研究

提出一种采用非共沸制冷剂的双喷气增焓两级压缩热泵循环(DVIC),该循环在普通喷气增焓循环(VIC)的基础上采用分液冷凝技术,并增加一组闪蒸器,减少系统不可逆损失,改善热力性能。采用R290/R1336mzz(Z)非共沸制冷剂,对DVIC进行研究,并与VIC进行比较。结果表明:在设定工况下,DVIC比VIC拥有更优的循环性能,系统COP和(火用)效率分别提高5.82%和8.41%,压缩机功耗降低6.39%;在较低蒸发温度或较高冷凝温度的运行工况下,DVIC性能的改善效果更加明显。

合成气深冷分离部分冷凝与甲烷洗工艺的模拟与对比分析

根据常规原料合成气中氢、一氧化碳、甲烷组分含量的不同,通常有2种不同的分离工艺用于提纯一氧化碳产品和纯氢或富氢产品。当这些原料合成气中组分与常规工业气体组成相差较大时,往往无法直接判断采用部分冷凝工艺还是采用甲烷洗工艺对此类合成气进行分离。为找到一种快捷判断采用哪种分离工艺更为合理的依据,通过调整原料合成气中关键组分一氧化碳和甲烷的体积比,利用ASPEN HYSYS模拟计算出部分冷凝和甲烷洗2种合成气深冷分离工艺各自对应不同工况所需配置的制冷压缩机组功耗,经过对比发现当原料合成气中一氧化碳与甲烷组分体积比≤30及甲烷体积分数≥1.5%时,甲烷洗工艺能耗优于部分冷凝工艺,此时选择甲烷洗工艺进行合成气分离更为合理,反之采用部分冷凝工艺更为合理。

液-液相分离在心血管疾病中的研究进展

液-液相分离(LLPS)是指细胞中的生物大分子(如蛋白质、核酸等)在溶液中凝聚浓缩成液滴状从而形成不同液相的过程。该过程受到多种因素的调节,如翻译后修饰、氧化还原反应、温度、光度、离子浓度和伴侣蛋白等。LLPS是细胞生命活动中普遍存在且至关重要的现象,参与无膜细胞器的形成、基因转录调控、细胞信号转导和血管生成等过程。近年来,LLPS参与众多心血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化的发展、心肌纤维化的形成、心肌病的发生等。现对LLPS的生理机制以及在各种心血管疾病中的作用进行详细综述,旨在为心血管疾病的治疗提供新思路。

One-step Condensation/copolymerization of VTES and DVB for Self-assembly Bionic Superhydrophobic Surface Coating and Study on Oil-water Separation

Mimicry of nature drives the development of bionic materials.Bionic superhydrophobic materials are a kind of high-efficiency materials to handle oil spills and water pollution.However,the stability of surface coatings of the superhydrophobic materials remains a challenge.Herein,a new category of self-assembly bionic superhydrophobic surface coating was prepared via one-step condensation/copolymerization of vinyltriethoxysilane(VTES)and divinylbenzene(DVB),which realized the close combination of covalent bonds between organic(e.g.DVB)and inorganic matter(e.g.VTES),and avoided the swelling of polydivinylbenzene(PDVB)in the process of collection of oil from water.This organic-inorganic hybrid polymer could self-assembly deposit on the surface of sponge even other substrates.For example,P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)/MS obtained by assembling P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)on the surface of Melamine Sponge(MS)exhibited superhydrophobicity with a Water Contact Angle(WCA)of 157.3,the optimal adsorption capacity of 77 g g 136 g g-1 for diverse oils,and an excellent separation efficiency of 99.3%.Besides,the excellent acid and alkali resistance of P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)/MS suggested the potential value in practical oil-water separation.P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)showed the outstanding hydrophobic performance by using as coating on different substrates.This work provided a new idea about the stable combination of organic and inorganic matter in the surface modification.

Quantification on the Effects of Liquid-Vapor Separation in Air-Conditioning System by using Advanced Exergy Analysis

Air-conditioning system consumes a large amount of electricity in residential sections,and its efficiency has drawn extensive concerns in energy-conscious era.Liquid-vapor separation is a heat transfer enhancement technology that can effectively improve the performance of the heat exchanger as well as the system.In this paper,a regular air-conditioning system as the baseline(system-A)and other two air-conditioning systems with liquid-vapor separation heat exchanger(system-B and system-C)are comparatively studied.The component behaviors and system performances are deeply explored by using advanced exergy analysis with a focus on quantifying how much consequences come from the variants,i.e.liquid-vapor separation.The results indicate that the system-B has large reduced exergy destruction from the compressor and condenser at cooling mode relative to the system-A.The system-C has mainly diminished exergy destruction in the compressor caused by other components relative to the system-B.At heating mode,the system-C has an enhanced system exergy efficiency of 9.6%over the system-A,and it also has the decreased avoidable exergy destruction which is dominantly contributed by the compressor and evaporator.Furthermore,it is found that liquid-vapor separation mainly benefits the compressor and outdoor heat exchanger where it locates,leading to the system performance improvements.

油气储运中油气回收技术的应用

在油品装车、装船过程中,大量的挥发性油气会进入大气,导致资源的浪费和周边环境的污染。为了解决这个难题,将对罐区现有设备与其他成熟的技术进行对比分析,阐述各项技术的优缺点及我公司现有设施的使用情况。

油气回收技术在营口港仙人岛码头中的应用研究

原油成品油码头产生的油气具有毒性和爆炸性,作为主要的大气污染之一,严重影响港区及周边环境。随着环境管理体系不断完善,营口港仙人岛码头持续开展油气回收有效管控。文章介绍了营口港油气回收工艺应用情况,分析总结了油气污染物的形成、组成以及油气回收技术在营口港仙人岛码头的实际应用,以期帮助码头企业和相关工作者选择最佳技术方案,实现油气高效回收。