The Construction of a Discourse System for Literature Research in Contemporary China

The construction of the literature research discourse in the seven decades since the foundation of the PRC has shown an upward spiral, from 'state/collective discourse' to 'society/individual discourse' and thence to 'world/human discourse.' These related but different discourses have worked together to facilitate literary writing and literature research. During the last 70 years of literature research, the Marxist theory of literature and art has always played a guiding role. Having close links with Chinese literary practice, Marxist theory has had a fundamental impact on the construction of the Chinese literature research discourse system. The emergence of 'state/collective discourse,' 'society/individual discourse' and 'world/human discourse' is an integral, historical, logical and dynamic process. Chinese literature research discourse should be constantly innovated and developed with a vision that looks to the world and the future, in order to contribute Chinese wisdom to dialogues between different academic discourses in the world and thus demonstrate the unique value of Chinese academic research in the humanities.

The Research Status of Chinese and Foreign Ecoliterature Study of the Recent 20 Years

Based on the core and CSSCI source documents from CNKI and American Web of Science＇s literature on ecoliterature as data source, this paper carries on CiteSpace visualization mapping analysis of Chinese and foreign ecoliterature study of the recent 20 years. By analyzing the lead author, research institute, high frequency keywords, highly cited literature etc., this paper discovers the core topics, research hotspots and frontiers in recent years and the new forms of ecoliterature, the change of international frontier, the new opportunities of ecoliterature research are found. The paper presents a direct view of the study on ecoliterature both in China and abroad. In the end, this paper offers guiding and expectation to Chinese scholars with regard to future research.

Origin and Common Application of Mongolian Diet Therapy

This paper mainly introduces the origin of Mongolian medicine diet therapy,classic works of Mongolian medicine diet therapy and clinical conventional diet therapy through literature research,to provide a certain reference for giving reasonable diet therapy for clinical patients and improving treatment and prognosis research.

Research Progress and Analysis of Moxibustion in Prevention and Treatment of Acute Infectious Diseases

To introduce and evaluate current research progress of moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of acute infectious diseases,related literature in CNKI,Wanfang Data,and SinoMed was retrieved and analyzed by the present study.Results showed abundant studies on the mechanism of action of moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of acute infectious diseases with remarkable clinical efficacy.The present study also summarizes the commonly-occurring problems and found out the deficiencies in existing studies in hope of providing more reference for further research.

Research Progress and Analysis of Moxibustion in Prevention and Treatment of Acute Infectious Diseases

To introduce and evaluate current research progress of moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of acute infectious diseases,related literature in CNKI,Wanfang Data,and SinoMed was retrieved and analyzed by the present study.Results showed abundant studies on the mechanism of action of moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of acute infectious diseases with remarkable clinical efficacy.The present study also summarizes the commonly-occurring problems and found out the deficiencies in existing studies in hope of providing more reference for further research.

A Review of Domestic Research on Production-oriented Approach

The Production-oriented Approach is a theoretical system of foreign language teaching created by ChineseProfessor Wen Qiufang. This article uses literature research as a clue to sort out the relevant domestic literatures of“Production-oriented Approach” from 2015 to 2020, and summarize the domestic research results of“Production-oriented Approach” on the basis of statistical analysis, and points out the existing problems. At thesame time, it also made some prospects for the future development of the “Production-oriented Approach”.

Literature on the law of Miao medicine in treating liver cancer

Aims:Through the literature review of Miao medicine for liver cancer,this paper discussed the law of Miao medicine for liver cancer.Methods:Using"Zhonghua Bencao Miao medicine"as the source of literature,the search term was prepared to search the related literature of CNKI database and Wanfang database for the treatment of liver cancer in the Miao medicine from May 2018.The qualified drugs were used to conduct statistical analysis on their family genus,medicinal property,medicinal taste,regression and efficacy.Results:A total of 132 flavors of Miao medicine for liver cancer were included,and the high-frequency family was compositae,liliaceae,and rosaceae,accounting for 22.8%.The medicine was mainly cold medicine,accounting for 75.8%.The main taste of medicine was bitter,hot and sweet,accounting for 75.5%.The main parts of longitude are hot longitude and cold longitude,accounting for 90.5%.Drugs are mainly used to cure poison,tonifying body and vent the blood,a total of 80.4%.Conclusions:Miao medical treatment of liver cancer is based on the dialectic of cold and heat,with proper use of tonifying body and vent the blood drugs.

Study on Clinical Literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objective:To systematically analyze the basic information,research contents and related problems in the design of literature in the research field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for irritable bowel syndrome,as well as to provide reliable evidence for improving clinical efficacy of IBS.Methods:Clinical observational literatures on the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome by TCM in 2009-2019 were searched in following Chinese databases:Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wan Fang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP).After selection,included studies were categorized by items as publication time,author regional distribution,treatment of TCM and control group,etc..Then we analyzed and evaluated the clinical effects of TCM treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.Results:1.Of the 986 literatures retrieved,318 met the inclusion criteria,and the number of relative literatures increased year by year.2.There were 224 literatures related to syndrome differentiation,in which 20 types of TCM syndromes were involved.The top three were the syndrome of disharmony between liver and spleen,deficiency of spleen Yang and kidney Yang and deficiency of spleen with damp retention,accounting for 53.12%、15.17% and 8.48%.3.There were 90 literatures on non-dialectical medication,among which Self-made Prescriptions(自拟方) were the most commonly used,accounting for 34.44%.4.There were 39.13% of the control group using antispasmodic.Among the antispasmodic,57.58% was Pinaverium bromide.5.Only 57 literatures were related to the recurrence rate,among which 54 showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).6.There were 142 literatures involved in the observation of adverse reactions of patients,and the adverse reactions mainly included dryness in the mouth,constipation,abdominal pain,diarrhea,nausea,etc..7.After the evaluation of the quality of the included literature,it was found that among the types of randomized controlled trials(RCTs),5 was class Ⅰ,27 were class Ⅱ,and 273 were class Ⅲ;In non-randomized controlled trials,13 were all class Ⅲ.Conclusion:The number of literatures on TCM treatment for irritable bowel syndrome was increasing year by year,showing that more and more attention had been paid to the clinical application and research of TCM by clinical workers and researchers.While In the clinical research of TCM treatment of irritable bowel syndrome,there were some deficiencies,such as non-standard TCM syndrome type,the main subjects of this study were irritable bowel syndrome-D and the international scale for evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome was not used in most of the experiments.Therefore,it is an urgent need for more high-quality clinical research in attempts to provide enough and reliable evidence to guide the medical care.

Appreciation of One Prescription by Jin Zijiu (金子久)

Jin Zijiu(金子久),taught by his father Jin Zhishi(金芝石),is a famous doctor in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period(1840-1928).With remarkable medical skills and high medical ethics,Jin Zijiu has lots of students and is especially good at treating warm diseases.By analyzing one prescription of Jin Zijiu preserved in Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine(上海中医药博物馆),this article explains his academic thought and clinical experience and shows his superb literary and artistic accomplishment.

Analysis of the Application of“Jing(精)”in Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲自〉Compendium of Materia Medica)

Taking the Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)(Jinling edition金陵本)as the research object and“Jing”as the search term,this article summarizes the quantity of medicinals containing“Jing”in Ben Cao Gang Mu,analyzes the connotation and application of“Jing”in traditional Chinese medicine,and finds that the application of“Jing”in medicine does not deviate from the original meaning of“Jing,”but endows it with the concepts of medicine and pharmacy,and expands the application scope of“Jing.”This study is helpful to understand and use spermicide more reasonably.

Study on the medication rule of herbs for uterine bleeding in ancient Chinese medicine

To explore the rule of medication in metrorrhagia treatment in ancient China.Based on the electronic publication“Chinese Medical Dictionary”,collect relevant literature on the treatment of metrorrhagia metrostaxis by various physicians in the Ming and Qing Dynasties(1368 C.E.–1644 C.E.),extract the effective prescriptions for the treatment of metrorrhagia metrostaxis,and evaluate the frequency of cluster statistical analysis including its effect,flavor and meridian tropism.A total of 199 prescriptions about metrorrhagia and 196 traditional Chinese medicines were included.The results shed light on how ancient Chinese doctors used herbs.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,people recognized the pathogenesis of uterine bleeding and classified it using traditional Chinese medicine theories.Different herbs are given to different patients according to their clinical characteristics.This paper explains the classification of medicines in ancient China in English.A corresponding botanical name was used for each herb.

A historical evaluation of Chinese tongue diagnosis in the treatment of septicemic plague in the pre-antibiotic era, and as a new direction for revolutionary clinical research applications

Chinese tongue diagnosis was initially developed to quickly and efficiently diagnose and prescribe medicine, while at the same time allowing the doctor to have minimal contact with the patient. At the time of its compiling, the spread of Yersinia pestis, often causing septicaemia and gangrene of the extremities,may have discouraged doctors to come in direct contact with their patients and take the pulse.However, in recent decades, modern developments in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as the spread of antibiotics in conjunction with the advancements of microbiology, have overshadowed the original purpose of this methodology. Nevertheless, the fast approaching post-antibiotic era and the development of artificial intelligence may hold new applications for tongue diagnosis. This article focuses on the historical development of what is the world＇s earliest tongue diagnosis monograph, and discusses the directions that such knowledge may be used in future clinical research.

Rainfall early warning threshold and its spatial distribution of rainfall-induced landslides in China

In order to investigate the spatial distribution of early warning threshold for landslide induced by rainfall in China,the literatures about rainfall thresholds of landslides in China in recent 20 years are selected.Statistical analysis and visualization methods were employed to systematically analyze the research progress of rainfall early warning thresholds at various scales.Taking the typical rainfall intensity-duration(I-D)threshold model as the research object,combined with the geographical characteristics of China and the average annual rainfall of 20 years,the spatial distribution of early warning thresholds for rainfall-induced landslide in China is depicted.The results show that the inspired rain intensity coefficientαof the rainfall threshold(I-D curve)in China roughly increases gradually with the decrease of topography.Moreover,under consistent annual rainfall conditions,the scalar indexβexhibits regular changes corresponding to variations in terrain.Topography and rainfall are the two main factors strongly associated with the rainfall threshold.This research establishes a clear framework for studying the early warning thresholds for rainfall-induced landslides in China and holds significant scientific implications for developing more effective rainfall threshold models.

Specificity of acupoint effect and its fundamental laws

Objective To explore the specificity of acupoint effect and its fundamental laws. Methods We use evidence-based medicine method and data mining technology for ancient and modern acupuncture literature of migraine and functional dyspepsia to uncover the specificity and its laws. We apply multicenter,randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for migraine to identify the specificity from clini-cal aspects; to explain the biological base of the specificity,we analyze the PET/CT and NMR result on migraine and functional dyspepsia cases treated by acupuncture. Results The viewpoint of specificity of acupoint effect and its two fundamental laws (meridian course specificity and meridian qi convergence specificity)were found both in ancient and modern literature; compared to non-acupoints,the acupoints effect was specific on 180 migraine patients in the randomized controlled trials; the results of PET/CT scan showed that brain response to acupoint needling is more obvious than that of non-acupoint needling; NMR detected the influence on metabolic product of acupoint needling is more apparent than non-acupoint needling. Conclusions Our research confirmed that acupoint effect not only has its specificity but also has two fundamental laws:meridian course specificity and meridian qi convergence specificity,of which the biological base is supported by imaging and metabonomic studies.

耳穴疗法治疗原发性失眠的现代文献研究

Objective By sorting and analyzing pertinent modern studies targeting auricular point therapy treating primary insomnia(PI),to summarize the point selection rules and clinical efficacy of using auricular points alone or combining it with other therapies in treating PI.Methods A search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database(Wanfang),Chongqing VIP Database(CQVIP),PubMed,Springer and Ovid were conducted from January 1,1998 till January 31,2020.Point selection,diagnostic criteria and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)in the eligible studies were analyzed and summarized.Results The difference in PSQI before and after using auricular point therapy alone was more significant than that of using Chinese medication alone(P<0.05),but less significant than that of combining auricular point therapy and acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese therapeutic massage(tuina)(P<0.05).In the included studies,Shenmen(TF_(4))was the most commonly used(370 times),followed by Heart(CO_(15)),which was 344 times,and Subcortex(AT_(4)),which was 325 times.In terms of auricular points distribution,points in the auricular concha were the most commonly used(1500 times),followed by those in the antitragus(474 times)and triangular fossa(387 times).Correlation analysis showed that Shenmen(TF_(4))and Liver(CO_(12)),Sympathetic(AH6a)and Heart(CO_(15))were used together more often,followed by Shenmen(TF_(4)),Liver(CO_(12)),Spleen(CO_(13)),Kidney(CO_(10))and Subcortex(AT_(4)),and then Shenmen(TF_(4)),Liver(CO_(12)),Sympathetic(AH6a),Subcortex(AT_(4))and Heart(CO_(15)).Cluster analysis showed that the auricular points used for PI can be divided into 6 clusters in 2 major groups.One group was Heart(CO_(15)),Subcortex(AT_(4)),Shenmen(TF_(4)),Sympathetic(AH6a),Spleen(CO_(13)),Kidney(CO_(10)),Liver(CO_(12))and Endocrine(CO_(18));the other was Occiput(AT3),Stomach(CO_(4)),Pancrease-gallbladder(CO_(11)),Chuiqian(LO_(4)),Small Intestine(CO_(6)),Central Rim(AT_(2,3,4i))and Sanjiao(CO_(17)).In terms of patterns in traditional Chinese medicine,the pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen accounted for the largest proportion in the studies of using auricular points alone or combining it with other treatments to treatment PI,and then it was the pattern of liver depression transforming into fire.Conclusion In treatment of PI with auricular points alone or combo therapy involving auricular points,Shenmen(TF_(4))was commonly used,and the commonly used point group consisted of Shenmen(TF_(4)),Liver(CO_(12)),Sympathetic(AH_(6a))and Heart(CO_(15)).Auricular point therapy can be taken as a complementary therapy in treating PI.

Diseases Spectrum Study on Pediatric Tuina in Recent 10 Years

Objective： To investigate the clinical study advance of pediatric tuina and understand the changes of disease scope and spectrum in pediatric tuina over the last decade. Methods： Relevant articles involving pediatric tuina have been retrieved through the databases of domestic journals for health and medical sciences as well as Springer-Verlag Database of German during 2002-2011. It aims to extract relevant information, build literature infomaation table of tuina therapy for pediatric conditions and conduct statistical analysis. Then the findings were compared with the data of pediatric tuina papers which were published from 1988 to 1997 recorded in Encyclopedia of Chinese Tuina. Results and Conclusion： A total of 75 clinical indications for pediatric tuina have been statistically summarized, of which 5 common conditions were selected and 1 prior condition was singled out. Additionally, some outdated or new conditions have been discovered.

Clinical application of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling

Objective： To explore the rules of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling in clinical application and its characteristics so as to provide the guidance to clinical practice.Methods： Taking ＂the second metacarpal holographic acupuncture therapy＂ ＂the second metacarpal bone lateral needling＂ and ＂the second metacarpal bone＂ as the search terms, the papers on the second metacarpal bone lateral needling were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）and Wanfang database from January 1, 1974 to December 31, 2016 and were screened. Using the Excel2003, the database of the diseases treated by the second metacarpal bone lateral needling was set up.The indications, the acupoints selection rules and needling manipulation of this therapy were analyzed.Results： A total of 1103 papers were retrieved, of which, 446 papers were from CNKI and 657 from Wanfang database. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 papers were included for analysis finally. It was found that the indications of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling were predominated by the soft tissue injuries, especially acute lumbar sprain, ankle sprain and knee joint injury. Regarding the acupoints selection rules of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling, the corresponding points and tender points were commonly selected. Regarding the needling manipulation, the strong stimulation was required after needle insertion and the patient was required to move the affected areas while keeping the strong needling sensation. The needles were inserted 20 mm in depth along the skin mainly.The even-needling technique was exerted and the needles were retained for 30 min mainly.Conclusion： The second metacarpal bone lateral needling is applied to the treatment of soft tissue injuries. It is applicable for some internal diseases. The strong needling sensation and the motion of the local affected area are required especially in treatment with this therapy.

Acupuncture-moxibustion Theories of Wang Shu-he

Wang Shu-he, or Wang Xi, was anoutstanding physician from Gaoping （Gaoping of Shanxi Province; another saying is Ji＇ning of Shandong Province） of Western Jin Dynasty who lived around the 3rd CeIltUi3T His major contribution was the 10 w）lumes of Mai.