By reviewing advantageous location of Baoding City in the green economic circle of capital rim, as well as its resource and environmental advantages, present development and future trend of leisure agriculture in Baod...By reviewing advantageous location of Baoding City in the green economic circle of capital rim, as well as its resource and environmental advantages, present development and future trend of leisure agriculture in Baoding City were analyzed, SWOT analysis of its conditions for the docking with Beijing and Tianjin was carried out, its strengths were demonstrated in policy, location, passenger origin and humanistic environment; its weaknesses were proposed as: lack of integrated planning, unitary, scattered and low-grade products, incomplete infrastructure and management service system, inadequate efforts in propagation; opportunities: development of the green economic circle of capital rim, stable promotion of new countryside construction, economic development and changing concepts of people; threats: competition of neighboring regions. On this basis, internal and external environment that leisure agriculture of Baoding City must have to realize its docking with Beijing and Tianjin were studied, and then it was proposed that spatial pattern docking was the first step, and the docking should be realized in rings and modules.展开更多
The weekly water quality monitor data of Liuhai lakes between April 2003 and November 2004 in Beijing City were used as an example to build an artificial neural networks (ANN) model and a multi-varieties regression ...The weekly water quality monitor data of Liuhai lakes between April 2003 and November 2004 in Beijing City were used as an example to build an artificial neural networks (ANN) model and a multi-varieties regression model respectively for predicting the fresh water algae bloom. The different predicted abilities of the two methods in Liuhai lakes were compared. A principle analysis method was first used to select the input variables of the models to avoid the phenomenon of collinearity in the data. The results showed that the input variables for the artificial neural networks were T, TP, transparency(SD), DO, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a),pH and the output variable was Chl-a. A three layer Levenberg-Marguardt feed forward leaming algorithm in ANN was used to model the eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes. 20 nodes in hidden layer and 1 node of output for the ANN model had been optimized by trial and error method. A sensitivity analysis of the input variables was performed to evaluate their relative significance in determining the predicted values. The correlation coefficient between predicted value and observed value in all data and in test data were 0.717 and 0.816 respectively in the artificial neural networks. The stepwise regression method was used to simulate the linear relation between Chl-a and temperature, of which the correlation coefficient was 0.213. By comparing the results of the two models, it was found that neural network models were able to simulate non-linear behavior in the water eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes reasonably and could successfully estimate some extreme values from calibration and test data sets.展开更多
This study assess the effectiveness of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing since the opening of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,using survey and evaluation methods.Firstly,an analy...This study assess the effectiveness of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing since the opening of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,using survey and evaluation methods.Firstly,an analysis of water consumption structure and the usage of diverted river water in Beijing in recent years was conducted.Secondly,the volume of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing after the 33 project's inauguration was examined,revealing a decrease from 1.96 billion m^(3) in 2014 to 1.35 billion m^(3) in 2020.The proportion of water supply reduced from 52.3%in 2014 to 33.3%in 2020,leading to an optimized water supply structure.By the end of 2020,groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing is estimated at 446 million m3,with a substantial reduction in over-exploitation of groundwater.Groundwater resources have been effectively replenished,and the strategic reserve capacity has been enhanced.Furthermore,this study evaluates the change in groundwater levels as an indicator of the effectiveness of pressure extraction.The declining trend of groundwater levels in Beijing has been effectively mitigated,and there has been a consistent rebound in groundwater levels over the past five years.展开更多
The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl Riv...The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,are taken as a comparative analysis on urban producer services' competitiveness,especially focusing on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of producer services in Beijing.Firstly,based on an integrated indicator system including one objective hierarchy,four standard hierarchies and 35 indicator hierarchies,the study applies factor analysis model and analytic hierarchy process model reformed by entropy technology to measure the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services in the above five cities.Secondly,Beijing has comparative advantages of capital resource,industrial base,scientific research resource and market scale,since it takes the first place of the five cities in the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services,the competitiveness of industrial development,business environment and living environment,only inferior to Shanghai in the competitiveness of talent capital.Thirdly,Beijing has comparative disadvantages in the level of producer services development,urban innovation capability and living environment.Finally,five proposals are put forth to enhance the competitiveness of producer services in Beijing,namely perfecting the system of laws and statutes,supporting the development of industry association,implementing scientific development planning,introducing preferential fiscal and taxation policies and strengthening human capital reserve.展开更多
In order to research the fluctuation law of price of pork in Beijing City and determine its fluctuation cycle,we use level indicator analysis,speed indicator analysis,the coefficient of variation,the seasonal adjustme...In order to research the fluctuation law of price of pork in Beijing City and determine its fluctuation cycle,we use level indicator analysis,speed indicator analysis,the coefficient of variation,the seasonal adjustment model and the HP filter method,to analyze the data on the market price of pork in 8 wholesale markets in Beijing City during the period 2002-2011.The results show that the annual price of pork in wholesale markets in Beijing City shows a gradual upward trend;during the period 2002-2011,the price of pork in Beijing City experienced three full fluctuation cycle,and each fluctuation cycle was roughly 38 months;the price of pork within the year shows a trend of " one trough,one crest",and the interval of high prices is mainly concentrated in June-december;the amount of pork for sale within the year is basically inversely correlated with the price.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of pig production information and market information,to ensure the sufficient supply of pork,and stabilize the market price of pork.In addition,according to the variation law of the market price of pork,improving the purchasing,storage and allocation work mechanism of the reserve meat is also necessary to stabilizing the market price of pork.展开更多
To explore water pollution control level in Beijing,performance evaluation index system of water pollution control in Beijing was constructed based on DPSR framework.Taking driving force,pressure,state and response as...To explore water pollution control level in Beijing,performance evaluation index system of water pollution control in Beijing was constructed based on DPSR framework.Taking driving force,pressure,state and response as primary indexes,25 secondary indexes were established.The combined weighting of the index system was conducted by entropy weight method,coefficient of variation method and CRITIC method.The performance index of water pollution control in Beijing from 2010 to 2018 was calculated,and its dynamic change trend was analyzed.The results showed that the performance index of water pollution control in Beijing was low from 2010 to 2014,but increased year by year from 2015 to 2018,with a good trend.展开更多
In this paper,from the three dimensions of development quality,sustainable development and public satisfaction,the index system of government performance evaluation of wastewater treatment in Beijing City was construc...In this paper,from the three dimensions of development quality,sustainable development and public satisfaction,the index system of government performance evaluation of wastewater treatment in Beijing City was constructed by conversion of critical success factor method.Using comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight method and principal component analysis method,the sewage treatment effect of Beijing municipal government from 2010 to 2017 was quantified,and the government s sewage treatment work was comprehensively evaluated.The evaluation results showed that the government has achieved remarkable results in sewage treatment,but it should continue to optimize the countermeasures in promoting the transformation and upgrading of economic structure,strengthening the management of urban sewage treatment and strict management system of water environment.展开更多
In the past 30 years,China has experienced development at full speed,and the cities have expanded rapidly.There have been dozens of megacities with millions of people.Due to the lack of preparation of various factors,...In the past 30 years,China has experienced development at full speed,and the cities have expanded rapidly.There have been dozens of megacities with millions of people.Due to the lack of preparation of various factors,these cities will inevitably also have some urban diseases similar to those in the mega-cities of the world.How to develop mega-cities,especially how to ensure the sustainable development of mega-cities,such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,etc.,is a question that must be answered.This paper mainly discusses the challenges faced with city planning,especially for mega-cities,taking Beijing as an example and analyzes from following aspects:institutional challenges,demographic challenges,and environmental challenges,and hopes to provide references for city planners.展开更多
Urban renewal is one of the important contents of urban development in China. With the gradual progress of urbanization, the renewal of the old city has become the focus of urbanization. This paper analyzed the street...Urban renewal is one of the important contents of urban development in China. With the gradual progress of urbanization, the renewal of the old city has become the focus of urbanization. This paper analyzed the street space form in the old city, and explored the characteristics of the street space form with a view to exploring streets whose space forms are suitable for the current social development. Based on the field investigation of Shijia Hutong, the White Stupa Temple area, and Dashilanr, the similarities and differences of streets in these areas with different space forms in the old city of Beijing were compared and analyzed, and social and cultural factors expressed in urban space form and the impact of human activities on the street space form were explored in terms of the scale, function, building type, and connection with the outside world. It is hoped that this paper will provide a reference for future renovation of the Old City.展开更多
In recent years,the construction of rural sewage treatment in Beijing City has developed rapidly,but there are still many problems in some rural domestic sewage treatment. In this paper,the current situation of rural ...In recent years,the construction of rural sewage treatment in Beijing City has developed rapidly,but there are still many problems in some rural domestic sewage treatment. In this paper,the current situation of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City is combed,and its characteristics are summarized. Meanwhile,the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang Province,Hunan Province and Shandong Province is summarized by consulting relevant data. By comparing with current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Beijing City,it is found that there are some problems in the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City,such as unsuitable treatment mode,unreasonable discharge requirements and inadequate treatment technology. Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,such as strengthening the investigation,research and planning,and differential formulation of the sewage treatment discharge standards,and establishing modular treatment technology system. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City.展开更多
Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing (HTCB) is one of the nine key regions of Chinese tourism industry in the period of the 11th Five-Year Project. According to Tourist Marginal Utility Theory, Time-Distance Method is us...Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing (HTCB) is one of the nine key regions of Chinese tourism industry in the period of the 11th Five-Year Project. According to Tourist Marginal Utility Theory, Time-Distance Method is used to define HTCB in this paper. Chengde City, famous for its cultural tourism, is regard as one of the regions in Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing. And this geographical advantage, in the context of the boom of tourism in China, is featured by the changes of tourist product structure and development model. In this paper, the influence upon Chengde tourism spatial structure has been discussed from tourist market, location and transportation. Chengde tourism spatial structure has been rebuilt with particular references to the factors of tourism destination district, tourist area, nodes, routes, and origin markets. In this paper, Chengde will develop tourism industry with the central heritage area as the center and northern forest and pasture area and southern mountain and lake area as the two wings.展开更多
Grandpa Qin, now 74, has returned to where he had lived for more than six decades in the company of his daughter. In front of him, the old dilapidated scenes have all disappeared. The former nine 1.9-meter-wide lanes ...Grandpa Qin, now 74, has returned to where he had lived for more than six decades in the company of his daughter. In front of him, the old dilapidated scenes have all disappeared. The former nine 1.9-meter-wide lanes have become 12 six-meter-wide roads. The former crowded courtyards, 11 stairs down the lanes, have completely changed their outlook. The only things that seem to have not changed are the old Beijing style of blue tiles and gray bricks and the imperial city walls nearby that are the witnesses to all these changes. Grandpa Qin is among the 300 households who have returned after the rebuilding project was completed. Qin’s family lived in the Nanchizi community for five generations. The big展开更多
This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which busi...This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.展开更多
A total of 11 PM2.5 samples were collected from October 2003 to October 2004 at 8 sampling sites in Beijing city. The PM2.5 concentrations are all above the PM2.5 pollution standard (65 μg m^-3) established by Envi...A total of 11 PM2.5 samples were collected from October 2003 to October 2004 at 8 sampling sites in Beijing city. The PM2.5 concentrations are all above the PM2.5 pollution standard (65 μg m^-3) established by Environmental Protection Agency, USA (USEPA) in 1997 except for the Ming Tombs site. PM2.5 concentrations in winter are much higher than in summer. The 16 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as priority pollutants by USEPA in PM2.5 were completely identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with variable wavelength detector (VWD) and fluorescence detector (FLD) employed. The PM2.5 concentrations indicate that the pollution situation is still serious in Beijing. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations ranged from 22.17 to 5366 ng m^-3. The concentrations of the heavier molecular weight PAHs have a different pollution trend from the lower PAHs. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to the difference in coal combustion emission and meteorological conditions. The source apportionment analysis suggests that PAHs from PM2.5 in Beijing city mainly come from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emission. New measures about restricting coal combustion and vehicle exhaust must be established as soon as possible to improve the air pollution situation in Beijing city.展开更多
In order to investigate the vertical change of atmospheric particulates and it’s influence of the resident’s floor-choosing in Beijing,we take PM10 as the research object,the 18th building whichis 49.2 m in height o...In order to investigate the vertical change of atmospheric particulates and it’s influence of the resident’s floor-choosing in Beijing,we take PM10 as the research object,the 18th building whichis 49.2 m in height of China University of Geosciences as the representative of resident building in Beijing,use the TSP/PM 10/PM2.5-2 particulate-sampling machine to sample PM10 on the south balcony of 1,4,8,12,16th floor respectively in 72 hours from 12 o’clock of January 31st to 12 o’clock of February 2nd,2007, weigh the accurate weight of the fiberglas filter membrane on the Sarlorius electronic balance展开更多
In China, systematic studies on economic base of a single city are very weak. Based on the 1990 census andrelevant statistics during 1990 - 1994, a comparative study is conducted on Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. The ...In China, systematic studies on economic base of a single city are very weak. Based on the 1990 census andrelevant statistics during 1990 - 1994, a comparative study is conducted on Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. The majorconclusions are as follows: (1) Beijing is not only the national political and cultural center, but also the national economiccenter, viz the commercial service center and the low water-consuming, light polluting, external economy-typed andknowledge-intensive manufacturing industrial center, which is appropriate for Beijing’s comparative advantage. (2) Thehigh water-consuming, heavy polluting and regional market-oriented industry is overdeveloped as far as Beijing’s scarcewater and other natural resources are concerned. (3) Beijing’s industrial base is smaller, more regional market-based, andthe service base is more diverse, larger and more national market-based than Shanghai’s and Tianjin’ s. (4) With the development of socialist market economy and implemenl of sustainable development strategy, the external economy-typedand knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry with lower input of water and less environmental pollution, and information-intensive service industries will centralize further, and the industry with higher input of water and/or severe environmental pollution will decentralize.展开更多
In this paper, we analyse the main strategy for the development of Beijing as it was presented by the last Master Plan: “Beijing should be, by the middle of the 21st century an international modern metropolis of the ...In this paper, we analyse the main strategy for the development of Beijing as it was presented by the last Master Plan: “Beijing should be, by the middle of the 21st century an international modern metropolis of the first world rank”. At first, we summarize the current Chinese studies and urban changes that are being carried out in Beijing, both in spatial and function aspects. Further, we underline the necessity to Beijing to become a powerful economically modernized metropolis. We emphasize with three main reasons in order to explain this necessity: the new “socialist economic market” in China, the inter urban competition among Chinese cities, and the comparison with the current metropolises of the first world rank. Finally, after a summary about the internalization process of London, Paris, New York and Tokyo, we present a simplified analysis of the urban internalization process. According to this analysis, we conclude that Beijing must combine two status: a powerful economically modernized metropolis and the Asian Cultural Capital status, so that could project Beijing into the next century as one of the elite metropolis in the world.展开更多
FOR much of China’s history, the city of Beijing has been the nation’s capital.Thus it boasts a wealth of ancient cultural treasures, including buildings, parks and monuments. These are five of the better ones.
基金Supported by Fruits of the People's Livelihood Investigation of Social Science Development Research of Hebei Province in 2011 (201101058)~~
文摘By reviewing advantageous location of Baoding City in the green economic circle of capital rim, as well as its resource and environmental advantages, present development and future trend of leisure agriculture in Baoding City were analyzed, SWOT analysis of its conditions for the docking with Beijing and Tianjin was carried out, its strengths were demonstrated in policy, location, passenger origin and humanistic environment; its weaknesses were proposed as: lack of integrated planning, unitary, scattered and low-grade products, incomplete infrastructure and management service system, inadequate efforts in propagation; opportunities: development of the green economic circle of capital rim, stable promotion of new countryside construction, economic development and changing concepts of people; threats: competition of neighboring regions. On this basis, internal and external environment that leisure agriculture of Baoding City must have to realize its docking with Beijing and Tianjin were studied, and then it was proposed that spatial pattern docking was the first step, and the docking should be realized in rings and modules.
文摘The weekly water quality monitor data of Liuhai lakes between April 2003 and November 2004 in Beijing City were used as an example to build an artificial neural networks (ANN) model and a multi-varieties regression model respectively for predicting the fresh water algae bloom. The different predicted abilities of the two methods in Liuhai lakes were compared. A principle analysis method was first used to select the input variables of the models to avoid the phenomenon of collinearity in the data. The results showed that the input variables for the artificial neural networks were T, TP, transparency(SD), DO, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a),pH and the output variable was Chl-a. A three layer Levenberg-Marguardt feed forward leaming algorithm in ANN was used to model the eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes. 20 nodes in hidden layer and 1 node of output for the ANN model had been optimized by trial and error method. A sensitivity analysis of the input variables was performed to evaluate their relative significance in determining the predicted values. The correlation coefficient between predicted value and observed value in all data and in test data were 0.717 and 0.816 respectively in the artificial neural networks. The stepwise regression method was used to simulate the linear relation between Chl-a and temperature, of which the correlation coefficient was 0.213. By comparing the results of the two models, it was found that neural network models were able to simulate non-linear behavior in the water eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes reasonably and could successfully estimate some extreme values from calibration and test data sets.
基金funded by the projects"Impacts of water transfer from the western route of the Southto-North Water Diversion Project on the ecological environment of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and coping strategies"(No.2022YFC3202400)"Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Biological Invasion Risk Analysis of Water Transfer from the Western Route Project"(No.2022YFC 3202404).
文摘This study assess the effectiveness of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing since the opening of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,using survey and evaluation methods.Firstly,an analysis of water consumption structure and the usage of diverted river water in Beijing in recent years was conducted.Secondly,the volume of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing after the 33 project's inauguration was examined,revealing a decrease from 1.96 billion m^(3) in 2014 to 1.35 billion m^(3) in 2020.The proportion of water supply reduced from 52.3%in 2014 to 33.3%in 2020,leading to an optimized water supply structure.By the end of 2020,groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing is estimated at 446 million m3,with a substantial reduction in over-exploitation of groundwater.Groundwater resources have been effectively replenished,and the strategic reserve capacity has been enhanced.Furthermore,this study evaluates the change in groundwater levels as an indicator of the effectiveness of pressure extraction.The declining trend of groundwater levels in Beijing has been effectively mitigated,and there has been a consistent rebound in groundwater levels over the past five years.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Crant No. 40971101Grant No.40871069)+1 种基金Mega-project of Science and Technology Research for the 11th Five Year Plan of China (Crant No.2006BAJ05A06No.2006BAJ14B02)
文摘The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,are taken as a comparative analysis on urban producer services' competitiveness,especially focusing on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of producer services in Beijing.Firstly,based on an integrated indicator system including one objective hierarchy,four standard hierarchies and 35 indicator hierarchies,the study applies factor analysis model and analytic hierarchy process model reformed by entropy technology to measure the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services in the above five cities.Secondly,Beijing has comparative advantages of capital resource,industrial base,scientific research resource and market scale,since it takes the first place of the five cities in the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services,the competitiveness of industrial development,business environment and living environment,only inferior to Shanghai in the competitiveness of talent capital.Thirdly,Beijing has comparative disadvantages in the level of producer services development,urban innovation capability and living environment.Finally,five proposals are put forth to enhance the competitiveness of producer services in Beijing,namely perfecting the system of laws and statutes,supporting the development of industry association,implementing scientific development planning,introducing preferential fiscal and taxation policies and strengthening human capital reserve.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program in the "Eleventh Five-Year" Planning Period (2009BADA9B05)
文摘In order to research the fluctuation law of price of pork in Beijing City and determine its fluctuation cycle,we use level indicator analysis,speed indicator analysis,the coefficient of variation,the seasonal adjustment model and the HP filter method,to analyze the data on the market price of pork in 8 wholesale markets in Beijing City during the period 2002-2011.The results show that the annual price of pork in wholesale markets in Beijing City shows a gradual upward trend;during the period 2002-2011,the price of pork in Beijing City experienced three full fluctuation cycle,and each fluctuation cycle was roughly 38 months;the price of pork within the year shows a trend of " one trough,one crest",and the interval of high prices is mainly concentrated in June-december;the amount of pork for sale within the year is basically inversely correlated with the price.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of pig production information and market information,to ensure the sufficient supply of pork,and stabilize the market price of pork.In addition,according to the variation law of the market price of pork,improving the purchasing,storage and allocation work mechanism of the reserve meat is also necessary to stabilizing the market price of pork.
基金Supported by Chaoyang District Collaborative Innovation Project (CYXC1819)
文摘To explore water pollution control level in Beijing,performance evaluation index system of water pollution control in Beijing was constructed based on DPSR framework.Taking driving force,pressure,state and response as primary indexes,25 secondary indexes were established.The combined weighting of the index system was conducted by entropy weight method,coefficient of variation method and CRITIC method.The performance index of water pollution control in Beijing from 2010 to 2018 was calculated,and its dynamic change trend was analyzed.The results showed that the performance index of water pollution control in Beijing was low from 2010 to 2014,but increased year by year from 2015 to 2018,with a good trend.
基金Supported by the Collaborative Innovation Project of Chaoyang District(cyxc1819).
文摘In this paper,from the three dimensions of development quality,sustainable development and public satisfaction,the index system of government performance evaluation of wastewater treatment in Beijing City was constructed by conversion of critical success factor method.Using comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight method and principal component analysis method,the sewage treatment effect of Beijing municipal government from 2010 to 2017 was quantified,and the government s sewage treatment work was comprehensively evaluated.The evaluation results showed that the government has achieved remarkable results in sewage treatment,but it should continue to optimize the countermeasures in promoting the transformation and upgrading of economic structure,strengthening the management of urban sewage treatment and strict management system of water environment.
文摘In the past 30 years,China has experienced development at full speed,and the cities have expanded rapidly.There have been dozens of megacities with millions of people.Due to the lack of preparation of various factors,these cities will inevitably also have some urban diseases similar to those in the mega-cities of the world.How to develop mega-cities,especially how to ensure the sustainable development of mega-cities,such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,etc.,is a question that must be answered.This paper mainly discusses the challenges faced with city planning,especially for mega-cities,taking Beijing as an example and analyzes from following aspects:institutional challenges,demographic challenges,and environmental challenges,and hopes to provide references for city planners.
基金Sponsored by Science and Technology Programs for Students in North China University of TechnologyService Capacity Building of Scientific and Technological Innovation-Raising the Quota Level of Scientific Research-Research Institute of Building Systems(PXM2017_014212_000005)
文摘Urban renewal is one of the important contents of urban development in China. With the gradual progress of urbanization, the renewal of the old city has become the focus of urbanization. This paper analyzed the street space form in the old city, and explored the characteristics of the street space form with a view to exploring streets whose space forms are suitable for the current social development. Based on the field investigation of Shijia Hutong, the White Stupa Temple area, and Dashilanr, the similarities and differences of streets in these areas with different space forms in the old city of Beijing were compared and analyzed, and social and cultural factors expressed in urban space form and the impact of human activities on the street space form were explored in terms of the scale, function, building type, and connection with the outside world. It is hoped that this paper will provide a reference for future renovation of the Old City.
基金Supported by the Collaborative Innovation Project of Chaoyang District。
文摘In recent years,the construction of rural sewage treatment in Beijing City has developed rapidly,but there are still many problems in some rural domestic sewage treatment. In this paper,the current situation of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City is combed,and its characteristics are summarized. Meanwhile,the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang Province,Hunan Province and Shandong Province is summarized by consulting relevant data. By comparing with current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Beijing City,it is found that there are some problems in the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City,such as unsuitable treatment mode,unreasonable discharge requirements and inadequate treatment technology. Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,such as strengthening the investigation,research and planning,and differential formulation of the sewage treatment discharge standards,and establishing modular treatment technology system. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City.
文摘Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing (HTCB) is one of the nine key regions of Chinese tourism industry in the period of the 11th Five-Year Project. According to Tourist Marginal Utility Theory, Time-Distance Method is used to define HTCB in this paper. Chengde City, famous for its cultural tourism, is regard as one of the regions in Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing. And this geographical advantage, in the context of the boom of tourism in China, is featured by the changes of tourist product structure and development model. In this paper, the influence upon Chengde tourism spatial structure has been discussed from tourist market, location and transportation. Chengde tourism spatial structure has been rebuilt with particular references to the factors of tourism destination district, tourist area, nodes, routes, and origin markets. In this paper, Chengde will develop tourism industry with the central heritage area as the center and northern forest and pasture area and southern mountain and lake area as the two wings.
文摘Grandpa Qin, now 74, has returned to where he had lived for more than six decades in the company of his daughter. In front of him, the old dilapidated scenes have all disappeared. The former nine 1.9-meter-wide lanes have become 12 six-meter-wide roads. The former crowded courtyards, 11 stairs down the lanes, have completely changed their outlook. The only things that seem to have not changed are the old Beijing style of blue tiles and gray bricks and the imperial city walls nearby that are the witnesses to all these changes. Grandpa Qin is among the 300 households who have returned after the rebuilding project was completed. Qin’s family lived in the Nanchizi community for five generations. The big
基金Under the auspices of European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme(No.PIOF-GA-2010-274027)Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving of Dense Habitat(Tongji University),Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
文摘This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40475049) the Natural Sciences Foundation of Beijing city (Grant No. 8032012) are acknowledged.
文摘A total of 11 PM2.5 samples were collected from October 2003 to October 2004 at 8 sampling sites in Beijing city. The PM2.5 concentrations are all above the PM2.5 pollution standard (65 μg m^-3) established by Environmental Protection Agency, USA (USEPA) in 1997 except for the Ming Tombs site. PM2.5 concentrations in winter are much higher than in summer. The 16 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as priority pollutants by USEPA in PM2.5 were completely identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with variable wavelength detector (VWD) and fluorescence detector (FLD) employed. The PM2.5 concentrations indicate that the pollution situation is still serious in Beijing. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations ranged from 22.17 to 5366 ng m^-3. The concentrations of the heavier molecular weight PAHs have a different pollution trend from the lower PAHs. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to the difference in coal combustion emission and meteorological conditions. The source apportionment analysis suggests that PAHs from PM2.5 in Beijing city mainly come from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emission. New measures about restricting coal combustion and vehicle exhaust must be established as soon as possible to improve the air pollution situation in Beijing city.
文摘In order to investigate the vertical change of atmospheric particulates and it’s influence of the resident’s floor-choosing in Beijing,we take PM10 as the research object,the 18th building whichis 49.2 m in height of China University of Geosciences as the representative of resident building in Beijing,use the TSP/PM 10/PM2.5-2 particulate-sampling machine to sample PM10 on the south balcony of 1,4,8,12,16th floor respectively in 72 hours from 12 o’clock of January 31st to 12 o’clock of February 2nd,2007, weigh the accurate weight of the fiberglas filter membrane on the Sarlorius electronic balance
文摘In China, systematic studies on economic base of a single city are very weak. Based on the 1990 census andrelevant statistics during 1990 - 1994, a comparative study is conducted on Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. The majorconclusions are as follows: (1) Beijing is not only the national political and cultural center, but also the national economiccenter, viz the commercial service center and the low water-consuming, light polluting, external economy-typed andknowledge-intensive manufacturing industrial center, which is appropriate for Beijing’s comparative advantage. (2) Thehigh water-consuming, heavy polluting and regional market-oriented industry is overdeveloped as far as Beijing’s scarcewater and other natural resources are concerned. (3) Beijing’s industrial base is smaller, more regional market-based, andthe service base is more diverse, larger and more national market-based than Shanghai’s and Tianjin’ s. (4) With the development of socialist market economy and implemenl of sustainable development strategy, the external economy-typedand knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry with lower input of water and less environmental pollution, and information-intensive service industries will centralize further, and the industry with higher input of water and/or severe environmental pollution will decentralize.
文摘In this paper, we analyse the main strategy for the development of Beijing as it was presented by the last Master Plan: “Beijing should be, by the middle of the 21st century an international modern metropolis of the first world rank”. At first, we summarize the current Chinese studies and urban changes that are being carried out in Beijing, both in spatial and function aspects. Further, we underline the necessity to Beijing to become a powerful economically modernized metropolis. We emphasize with three main reasons in order to explain this necessity: the new “socialist economic market” in China, the inter urban competition among Chinese cities, and the comparison with the current metropolises of the first world rank. Finally, after a summary about the internalization process of London, Paris, New York and Tokyo, we present a simplified analysis of the urban internalization process. According to this analysis, we conclude that Beijing must combine two status: a powerful economically modernized metropolis and the Asian Cultural Capital status, so that could project Beijing into the next century as one of the elite metropolis in the world.
文摘FOR much of China’s history, the city of Beijing has been the nation’s capital.Thus it boasts a wealth of ancient cultural treasures, including buildings, parks and monuments. These are five of the better ones.