Ballistic limit velocity of small caliber projectiles against SS400 steel plates:Live fire experiments and empirical models

This study presents the ballistic limit velocity of small caliber projectiles against SS400 steel plate derived from live-fire ballistic experiments. Four different small caliber projectiles were tested against SS400 steel plates of 9 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm thicknesses. The ballistic limit velocity was calculated using two standard methods, MIL-STD-662F and NIJ-STD-0101.06, and additionally using a support vector machine algorithm. The results show a linear relationship between the plate thickness and ballistic limit velocity. Further, the relative penetration performance among five different small caliber projectiles was analyzed using the Penetration Performance Ratio(PPR) introduced in this study, which suggests the potential of PPR to predict the ballistic limit velocity of other untested materials and/or different projectiles.

Exploring the meaning of care among lived experiences of patients with blindness:an interpretive phenomenological study

Objective:To explore the meaning of care experienced by people with blindness in hospitals.Methods:Interpretive phenomenology along with the 6-step method of van Manen was used to conduct the study.Using purposeful sampling,15 people with legal blindness were interviewed.Thematic analysis was used to isolate the meaning of care.Results:Five themes emerged:(a)nurses in the eyes of patients with blindness;(b)negligence in the caring moments;(c)being cared for in ambiguity;(d)Uncoordinated care;and(e)Psychological discomfor t.These sub-themes were condensed into an overarching theme titled as“marginalized patients inside the stereotypical healthcare system.”Conclusions:Lived experiences of patients with blindness revealed that hospitals provide stereotypic or inappropriate care for this minority group in society.Health professionals par ticularly nurses should be skilled to provide person-centered and coordinated care for patients with blindness.

Malaria Illness and Accessing Healthcare in an African Indigenous Population: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experiences of Uganda’s Batwa in Kanungu District

Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their malaria-lived experiences. We assessed and characterized malaria illness and accessing healthcare lived experiences of the Batwa in Kanungu district to inform contextually and culturally appropriate public health interventions. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 5 Batwa settlements where 5 Focus Group Discussions (n = 36) and 13 Key Informant Interviews (n = 13) were held. Data were collected using printed guides and voice recorders in April 2018. Transcripts from the data that captured the lived experiences of the symptoms, prevention, treatment and barriers to accessing formal healthcare services were applied to Atlas.ti a qualitative data analysis software and condensed into codes, categories, and themes. Results: Many Batwa have experienced malaria in their households, and they know its causes and risk factors, like not sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), living near water bodies, prevention measures like the use of ITNs, and vector management. The lived experiences demonstrate malaria management by an Indigenous population in a rural setting and comprised detecting malaria symptoms, use of herbs as first line of treatment, buying medicines from drug shops, and village health teams (VHTs) treatment. For many Batwa accessing formal healthcare is normally a second option. Barriers for malaria treatment included: long distances to health facilities, geographically difficult terrain, economic constraints, irregular health outreaches, and stockouts of malaria medicines at health facilities. Conclusion: This study characterized Batwa’s malaria illness lived experiences and access to healthcare in rural remote settings. These experiences are essential in appreciating the ways in which Indigenous populations understand and manage common illnesses and how appropriate policies and interventions can be developed.

Front Line Health Workers’ COVID-19 Lived Experiences: A Case of Levy Mwanawasa Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia

Introduction: Frontline health workers who work in COVID-19 isolation treatment centers are susceptible to developing mental health issues due to the overwhelming workload and stress associated with their job. Thus understanding their lived experiences provides insights that helps alleviate health worker burnout and improving their quality of life thereby leading to an efficient delivery of health care services during a pandemic. Aim: To understand the lived experiences of front line health workers during the COVID-19 pandemics at Levy Mwanawasa Teaching University Hospital. Design and Methods: A qualitative interpretative phenomenological study design was used. Purposive sampling method was adopted to select the 14 participants who took part in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face, audio-taped interviews using an in-depth interview guide, after which the responses were transcribed verbatim before using NVIVO to generate codes. The data were analyzed using thematic method. Results: The lived experiences of the participants were found to be mainly negative with few positive experiences. Their lived experiences were mainly negative emotional and psychological experiences including fear, anger, depression, frustration, anxiety and sadness. The thoughts that were identified included thoughts of surviving through the pandemic, thoughts of getting infected, and dying. The frontline health workers also experienced some personal and professional changes as they offered health services in the COVID-19 wards. The personal changes reported included;social limitations and collapse of extra income business while the professional changes included a change in the way health services were delivered, a gain in knowledge and skills and shaping of a career path. The main challenges experienced were limited resources (man power, resuscitation equipment, drugs, personal protective equipment), limited literature on the disease and limited social interactions. Conclusion and Recommendations: Relevant stakeholders should come on board in order to offer support during a pandemic or a similar situation so as to better the experience of frontline health workers with particular attention directed towards the provision of adequate resources to enable them deliver their services effectively. Frontline health workers perspectives and opinions should be taken into account by the institution’s administrators and policymakers when planning for and managing a pandemic.

农村中学开展可视光通信的实验探索

先进的物理技术及其应用实验是展现物理魅力和激发学生兴趣的重要手段,然而农村中学由于诸多因素的影响,一些先进物理技术的实验没有条件开展或开展的效果不好.就如何利用生活资源设计了“可视光通信”实验,并进行了教学实践,实践的结果表明该实验能有效激发学生学习物理的兴趣,同时也能够让学生深度理解光纤通信的基本原理.

Liveability experience of mountain-base residents:the case of Idi-Ori-Shasha Mountain,Ibadan,Nigeria

The increasing influx of people to mountain base environments has opened up the area to a myriad of problems that threaten the liveability of the residents and the sustainability of the environment.Yet,sufficient empirical investigations have not looked at the particular issues that threaten their liveability experience.Using the case of Idi-OriShasha mountain,this study examined the condition of informal urbanization at the mountain-base and equally investigated residents’living experiences.We conducted questionnaire survey with closed and open-ended questions to collect data from 65 out of 533 houses within a buffer of 250 m from the mountain and retrieved 50 completed householdhead survey.The results revealed that majority of the residents were not satisfied living at the mountainbase because of the inadequate facilities that have contributed to their current living conditions.Also,mountain-base residents are liable to many liveability threats such as noise pollution,sleeplessness,building/wall cracks,destructive erosion,and water inaccessibility.The study recommends adequate infrastructural provision intervention in the area in order to upscale liveability dimensions and general residents’living conditions.Conversely,similar studies could be conducted elsewhere for validation and comparison of findings.

Mental Illness Education through Stories of Lived Experience: Validation Review of the DoNOHarm Framework

The lived experience of people with mental illness is a powerful way to promote mental health literacy and reduce the stigma associated with mental illness.However,there is little guidance on how to do this safely.Mental Illness Education ACT is an Australian organisation that since 1993 has supported volunteer educators to share their individual stories of lived experience to school and community groups.In 2011,they developed the DoNOHarm Framework to assist volunteers to be able to talk about their experiences in a way that is safe for them and for their audience,a gap that they recognised in thefield.This study reports a review of the Framework,considering the extent to which it is supported by the current literature and how it is being implemented and experienced by the volunteer educators.These research questions were addressed by a literature review and interviews with 14 volunteer educators and the staff that support them.The review of published literature over the past 10 years showed strong evidence for three of the six principles of the Framework:Context and Purpose,Recovery Emphasis,and Safe Talking.Although the principle of Respectful and Inclusive Language is widely promoted in the mental healthfield,no recent studies investigated the benefits of this approach.Similarly,there was no recent research into the two principles of Limits to Helping and Self Care.The interviews revealed strong support for the Frame-work among volunteers.It was seen to be effective to protect the safety of both presenter and audience,ensure the relevance of the presentation,give educators confidence in their message and delivery,convey a hopeful message,and make certain that presentations were engaging for the audience.Overall,this review shows that the DoNO-Harm Frameworkfills an important gap for mental health education,with a sound evidence base where there is published evidence available.

Lived Experience of Sickle Cell Patients during and after Crisis

Aims and Objectives: To understand the lived experience and needs of patients with sickle cell disease during and two weeks after their crisis and identify the obstacles faced by patients while they are in the hospital. Background: Although there is no specific data of a number of affected individuals with sickle cell disease in Oman based on their age, the majority of the Omani population are youth. This category of the population is either in their high school or working in the governmental or private sector in the country. When the most productive category of the population are getting frequently absent due to sickle cell crisis and complication of sickle cell crisis from their work, this leads to huge financial and human resource burden. Design: Phenomenology. Method: This qualitative descriptive research was conducted using face-to-face interviews based on an interview protocol. The interview protocol was developed by the authors based on a framework called domains of well-being. Twenty adult patients have been recruited for the interview after meeting inclusion criteria and were asked about their well-being and lived experience during sickle cell crisis. Authors used SRQR checklist in reporting the study. Results: Thirteen themes were identified related to patients’ lived experience and their well-being during sickle cell crisis. Patients reported physical, emotional, social, and spiritual alteration. Major themes that emerged are communication, medical team interpretation of genuine pain, Emotional disturbance during the crisis, What does this study contribute to the wider global clinical community? Nurses and doctors should use therapeutic communication when dealing with sickle cell patients. Nurses should establish rapport and trust with patients. In each health care setting, there should be a social worker to deal with patients with chronic illness social relationships between the patient, family and friends, post-discharge status, spiritual and Islamic activities, and physical abilities. Conclusion: Participants’ physical and psychological statuses were mostly affected. Moreover, participants experienced extreme emotional disturbance during a painful crisis. However, it was not well understood why participants experienced post sickle cell crisis symptoms which need to be further investigated. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Understanding the lived experience of sickle cell patients may help improve nursing and medical care provided to them and enhance better outcomes for patients. These findings made the nurses and physicians plan a strategy of treating sickle cell patients using a holistic approach.

Lived Experience of Thalassaemic Children in Bangladesh

Background: Worldwide thalassemia poses a serious public health problem due to the high prevalence. Globally, 15 million people are suffering from clinically thalassemic disorders. Objective: To describe the lived experience of thalassaemic children in Bangladesh. Methods: This study was conducted following a descriptive qualitative research approach. Twenty thalassemic children were recruited purposively in the present study. Semi-structured individual’s interview guidelines were used to collect in depth information. In addition, digital recorder was used to capture the children’s voice. Data were analyzed using the process of content analysis. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), NIANER. Results: The mean age of the thalassemic children was (16.05) SD = 1.877. Most of the children were Muslim (95.0%) and they study at school (70.0%). Most of their mothers were (90.0%) housewife. This study revealed four major themes and eleven subthemes based on the experience of thalassemic children: 1) understanding of children meaning of thalassaemia: perception of children, unable to perform daily activities, and educational impact, 2) feeling frustrating experience and disease management: feelings about long term treatment, coping and altered body image, 3) family relationship: differences from siblings, parental attention and feeling burden, and 4) social interactions: sharing with peer, inability to social interaction. Conclusion: This study indicated that thalassaemia has affected negatively on several areas of health of these children including physical, emotional, social financial and educational areas. Reducing these problems requires comprehensive constant support and surveying health and medical status of these children to promote care and decrease the suffering of thalassaemic children. The findings of the present study are grounds for further research in a wider range to describe the different areas of the experience of thalassaemic children.

Lived Experience with Cirrhosis of Liver Patient at a University Hospital: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Patients’ physical, psychosocial, economical, spiritual and daily activities as well as quality of life are mostly affected by the cirrhosis of liver. It is an advanced stage of liver fibrosis that mostly caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and alcoholism. Objective: This study is intended to explore the lived experience of the patient’s with cirrhosis of liver patients. Methodology: A Phenomenological study design was used as a research methodology to elicit in-depth understanding of lived experience of the hospitalized adult cirrhosis of liver patients at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty patients with cirrhosis of liver were purposively interviewed using guidelines until data were saturated. Recorded voice was checked by participants to establish trustworthiness. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. Content analysis was used to explore the structure of meaning of the lived experienced cirrhosis of liver patients. Results: The average age of the cirrhosis of liver patients was 43.85 (±15.06) and most of them were male, Muslim and married. The average duration of suffering from this disease was 2.07 year ± 3.95. The lived experiences of cirrhosis of liver patients emerged at five themes: uncertainty about disease and its causes;feeling worse;living in physical impairment and economical crisis;coping with disease and self-actualization about prevention of cirrhosis of liver. Conclusion: People with cirrhosis of liver have unpredictable sufferings. The study findings would help the nurses to realize the patient’s condition for providing proper nursing care and prevent associate complications. It may also assist in conducting further research.

Illness Narrative: Perceptions and Lived Experiences of Kidney Recipient Clients in Shanghai, China

Terminal kidney disease is a life threatening condition and cause for loss of hope to affected individuals. It affects the individuals physically as well as mentally. The advancement in medical knowledge and technology in transplant surgery has steadily increased the number of kidney recipients. This offers hope for the new lease of life and a wide range of perceptions and experiences with self, society and the new organ. There is minimal research on perceptions and lived experiences of kidney transplant recipients. This study explored the perceptions and lived experiences of individuals with a kidney problem living with a kidney transplant in Shanghai, China. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with five clients. The participant’s age ranged from 25 to 45 years. There were three females and two males. Content analysis using NVivo (11.0) software was applied in data analysis. The findings revealed improved quality of life among kidney recipients;however the clients had low knowledge levels on the condition as well as self care practices in the post transplant period. This caused a lot of psychosocial stress in the clients. The post kidney transplant management strategies should include effective education programs to increase awareness on the condition and self care practices so as to reduce factors associated with psychosocial stress in order to improve the quality of life for the clients in the post kidney transplantation period.

The lived experience of a 24-hour support center for persons with psychiatric disabilities: Making me feel almost like an ordinary person

This study illuminates nine psychiatric disabled persons’ lived experience of a newly established community-based service center open around the clock. This new 24-hour support center (SC) was established in 2011 in a Swedish community to better match and facilitate the disabled persons’ needs. In order to illuminate the disabled person’s experiences individual interview was performed. A phenomenological-hermeneutical method inspired by Paul Ricoeur was used to interpret the texts. After a naive reading, a structural analysis revealed two themes: 1), becoming aware of myself as a person, and 2) having a lifeline and belongingness. The comprehensive understanding was interpreted as meaning “Making me feel almost like an ordinary person”, which incorporated the person’s past with their present together with a direction for the future and hope for a more fulfilling life.

Planning for LVC Simulation Experiments

The use of Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) simulations are increasingly being examined for potential analytical use particularly in test and evaluation. In addition to system-focused tests, LVC simulations provide a mechanism for conducting joint mission testing and system of systems testing when fiscal and resource limitations prevent the accumulation of the necessary density and diversity of assets required for these complex and comprehensive tests. LVC simulations consist of a set of entities that interact with each other within a situated environment (i.e., world) each of which is represented by a mixture of computer-based models, real people and real physical assets. The physical assets often consist of geographically dispersed test assets which are interconnected by persistent networks and augmented by virtual and constructive entities to create the joint test environment under evaluation. LVC experiments are generally not statistically designed, but really should be. Experimental design methods are discussed followed by additional design considerations when planning experiments for LVC. Some useful experimental designs are proposed and a case study is presented to illustrate the benefits of using statistical experimental design methods for LVC experiments. The case study only covers the planning portion of experimental design. The results will be presented in a subsequent paper.

自制单胞藻培养装置应用于《生物饵料培养学实验》的教学研究

生物饵料培养学是水产养殖学专业和水族科学与技术专业学生的核心课程。实验课在本课程的教学过程中发挥着重要作用。按照原有的教学计划,学生无法通过实验课学习单胞藻大水体培养技术。为了完善实验课程,尝试采用自制的培养装置开设单胞藻大水体培养实验项目。学生顺利完成了该实验。在实验结束后根据单胞藻大水体培养实验的实验内容设计试卷并对上该实验的学生和未上该实验的学生进行了笔试。考试结果表明上课学生成绩显著高于未上课学生(P<0.001)。通过该实验课学习学生掌握了单胞藻大水体培养技术。

Medical Students’Views on Psychiatry in Germany and Italy:Survey

Objectives:In 2019,the Insititue for Health Metrics and Evaluation reported that 16%of life lost were attributed to mental health.As a result,global shortage of psychiatrists is a pressing issue due to the increasing burden of mental illness.In 2016,a mere 5%of US medical students chose psychiatry as a career,a trend mirrored in Germany and Italy.As the medical students of 2016 have graduated or transitioned into residency in 2023,their attitudes towards psychiatry could have contributed to today’s shortage of psychiatrists.The global mental health burden has only been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.This study explores the attitudes of German and Italian medical students towards psychiatry,their career aspirations,and the influence of factors such as personal experience and education on their interest in the field.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 799 medical students in two European countries in 2016.Participants answered questions about their attitudes towards psychiatry,their psychiatric education,and personal experiences.Inferential analyses were performed using chi-square tests and a significance level of 0.05.Results:The number of years in medical school,personal experiences,and perceived quality of education significantly affected specialty choice and ranking of psychiatry compared to other specialties.Internships,psychiatric placements,and views on psychiatric instructors also played a significant role in choosing psychiatry as a career.Conclusions:Assessing medical students’attitudes towards psychiatry and the factors that influence their career choices,such as psychiatric education and personal experiences,can inform changes to attract students to the field.Addressing the worldwide shortage of psychiatrists is crucial to reduce the burden of mental health and substance use disorders.

数据库课程的网上直播授课与实践

在一些特殊状况下,例如疫情期间,大学生不能返校,但学生不能停学,故线上直播教学就成为一种可采取的方式。结合实际,把数据库教学的理论部分和实验部分展开进行,把如何吸引学生的注意力,增加学生的学习热情和兴趣放在重点的研讨范围。同时在实验阶段让学生分组互动,运用线上视频会议方式,顺利完成实验部分。

一种新型实验细胞株保温运输实用装置的开发与应用

设计了一种新型实验细胞株保温运输实用装置,实现了活细胞株低成本保暖运输。采用一种由铝膜、高压聚乙烯、防水箱纸板分构层填充的新型材质外箱以及置于内箱的细胞培养容器固定装置、控温组件、保温隔板组分。通过细胞培养、活细胞株物流运输、温度监测、显微拍照等实验,证明该实用装置不仅能够保障实验细胞株在低温极端天气下的正常物流运输且细胞生长活性不受温度与剧烈震荡的影响,它还具备保温、隔热、防水、缓冲、低成本、便携式、适用范围广等优点。

实验性大鼠脂肪肝肝脂与血脂变化的分析研究

目的建立大鼠脂肪肝模型,对肝脂、血脂、病理检验结果进行比较分析,评价和筛选有效的脂肪肝检验方法。方法给大鼠喂饲高脂饮食。采用酶法测定肝脂、血脂中胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG);免疫抑制终点法测定高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);免疫透射比浊法测定载脂蛋白(APO);连续监测法测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-GT),同时对肝组织作常规病理切片分析。结果正常大鼠肝细胞脂肪清晰、形态正常。模型组大鼠肝细胞发生脂肪变性。肝脂肪变性的同时肝脏脂质、血脂和肝功能酶学指标升高,与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠肝脂和肝组织TG明显升高(P<0.001),TC、HDL-C,与病理分析结果相符。血脂与肝脂的变化呈正相关。ALT、AST和γ-GT也明显增高(P<0.01)。结论实验性大鼠脂肪肝肝细胞发生脂肪变性,肝脂、血脂含量同时升高,并有肝细胞损伤。肝脂检验可为脂肪肝的研究、抗脂肪肝约物开发提供定量指标,血脂检验为临床脂肪肝诊断提供重要依据。

超声引导经皮气冷微波固化在活体猪肝的实验研究

背景与目的:超声引导经皮微波固化术创伤小且疗效确实,目前已广泛运用于治疗小肝癌,但微波天线高杆温阻碍了该治疗方法的发展。本研究探讨新式气冷微波固化仪在肝癌微波固化治疗的应用前景。方法:应用ECO-100增强型气冷微波固化仪,在超声引导下对6头猪的肝脏进行活体微波凝固试验。结果:实验显示,运用气冷却技术进行微波固化可以降低微波天线杆温,从而可以通过增大微波输出功率及延长固化时间来增大固化范围;当微波功率为80W,辐射时间为10min时,单点凝固范围达到4.0cm×4.3cm;当微波功率为80W,辐射时间为20min时,凝固范围可达到4.7cm×5.2cm。而且气冷微波固化组织无“拖尾”现象。结论:气冷微波固化术可以降低微波天线杆温,增大微波功率和延长辐射时间,提高固化效果。

湖北天鹅洲故道试养江豚生活习性的初步观察

为抢救濒危水生兽类白暨豚（Ｌｉｐｏｔｅｓｖｅｘｉｌｌｉｆｅｒ），建立保护区无疑是最有效的途径。１９９０年３月到１９９３年１０月，我们对引进白暨豚保护区湖北天鹅洲故道中试养的１１头江豚（Ｎｅｏｐｈｏｃａｅｎａｐｈｏｃａｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ）的生活状况和对环境的适应性，进行了较为详细的研究，力求在引入白暨豚前，对此地江豚的生活情况及白暨豚保护区的建区工作做进一步的生态评价。结果表明，江豚非常适应故道环境。它们能在其中正常生活，完成妊娠过程，顺利分娩，抚幼，幼体也能正常发育和成长。此外，故道还存在豚类防逃的屏障。所有这些，为在此故道建立保护区的合理性，提供了进一步的证据。