Etiology and functional status of liver cirrhosis by ^(31)P MR spectroscopy

AIM: To assess the functional status and etiology of liver cirrhosis by quantitative 31p magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).METHODS: A total of 80 patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiology and functional status described by Child-Pugh score were examined and compared to 11 healthy volunteers. MR examination was performed on a 1.5 T imager using a 1H/31P surface coil by the 2D chemical shift imaging technique.Absolute concentrations of phosphomonoesters (PME),phosphodiesters (PDE), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured.RESULTS: MRS changes reflected the degree of liver dysfunction in all the patients as well as in individual etiological groups. The most important change was a decrease of PDE. It was possible to distinguish alcoholic,viral and cholestatic etiologies based on MR spectra.Alcoholic and viral etiology differed in PDE (alcoholic,viral, controls: 6.5±2.3, 6.5±3.1, 10.8±2.7 mmol/L,P＜0.001) and ATP (alcoholic, viral, controls: 2.9±0.8, 2.8±0.9, 3.7±1.0 mmol/L, P＜0.01) from the control group.Unlike viral etiology, patients with alcoholic etiology also differed in Pi (alcoholic, controls: 1.2±0.4, 1.6±0.6mmol/L, P＜0.05) from controls. No significant changes were found in patients with cholestatic disease and controls; nevertheless, this group differed from both alcoholic and viral groups (cholestatic, alcoholic, viral: 9.4±2.7, 6.5±2.3, 6.5±3.1 mmol/L, P＜0.005) in PDE.CONCLUSION: 31p MRS can significantly help in noninvasive separation of different etiological groups leading to liver cirrhosis. In addition, MRS changes reflect functional liver injury.

VARIATION OF SERUM ACTIVIN A LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Objective To evaluate the variation of serum activin A level in liver cirrhotic patients.Methods 83 liver cirrhotic patients (32 Child-Pugh A, 30 Child-Pugh B and 21 Child-Push C) and 32 normal subjects entered the study. The serum levels of activin A, procollagen Ⅲ peptide and collagen Ⅳ were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with those of normal subjects (0. 76±0. 31ng/ml) ,the serum activin A levels were significantly increased in liver cirrhotic patients(1. 33±0. 83ng/ml, P <0. 01). The levels were higher in Child-Pugh C (1. 45±0. 39ng/ml, P <0. 01) and B( 1. 47±0. 81ng/ml, P <0. 01) than in Child-Pugh A (1.00±0. 35 ng/ml) and normal control group(0. 76±0. 31ng/ml). There was no significant difference between Child-Pugh B and C patients or between Child-Pugh A patients and normal control. In corresponding Child-Pugh grades, the serum activin A levels of those suffering from hepatic encephalopathy, digestive tract hemorrhage, infection or ascites were not different from those without such complications. The Serum activin A level was positively correlated with those of procollagen Ⅲ peptides, collagen Ⅳ and alanine aminotransferase. Conclusion Serum activin A was increased in cirrhotic patients and activin A may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic flbrosis.

Liver cirrhosis-effect on QT interval and cardiac autonomic nervous system activity

AIM To examine the impact of liver cirrhosis on QT interval and cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN). METHODS A total of 51 patients with cirrhosis and 51 controls were examined. Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings were obtained and QT as well as corrected QT interval(QTc) and their dispersions(dQT, dQTc) were measured and calculated using a computer-based program. The diagnosis of CAN was based upon the battery of the tests proposed by Ewing and Clarke and the consensus statements of the American Diabetes Association. CAN was diagnosed when two out of the four classical Ewing tests were abnormal. RESULTS QT, QTc and their dispersions were significantly longer(P < 0.01) in patients with cirrhosis than in controls. No significant differences in QT interval were found among the subgroups according to the etiology of cirrhosis. Multivariate regression analysis after controlling for age, gender and duration of cirrhosis demonstrated significant association between QT and presence of diabetes mellitus [standardized regression coefficient(beta) = 0.45, P = 0.02] and treatment with diuretics(beta = 0.55, P = 0.03), but not with the Child-Pugh score(P = 0.54). Prevalence of CAN was common(54.9%) among patients with cirrhosis and its severity was associated with the Child-Pugh score(r = 0.33, P = 0.02). Moreover, patients with decompensated cirrhosis had more severe CAN that those with compensated cirrhosis(P = 0.03). No significant association was found between severity of CAN and QT interval duration.CONCLUSION Patients with cirrhosis have QT prolongation. Treatment with diuretics is associated with longer QT. CAN is common in patients with cirrhosis and its severity is associated with severity of the disease.

Polysomnographic sleep aspects in liver cirrhosis: A case control study

AIM: To study sleep aspects and parameters in cirrhotic patients and assess the role of liver dysfunction severity in polysomnographic results. METHODS: This was a case-control study. Patients with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were consecutively enrolled in the study. Clinical examinations and laboratory liver tests were performed in all patients, and disease severity was assessed using the Child-Pugh score. The control group consisted of ageand gender-matched healthy volunteers. All individuals answered a questionnaire about habits, behaviors, and complaints related to sleep and were submitted to polysomnography. Sleep parameters were compared between the two groups, and separate analyses were performed among classesof Child-Pugh classification in the cirrhotic group. RESULTS: Forty-two cirrhotic patients and forty-two controls were enrolled. Compared to the control group, the cirrhotic group exhibited lower sleep efficiency (mean ± SD: 73.89% ± 14.99% vs 84.43% ± 8.55%, P < 0.01), increased latency (151.27 ± 93.24 min vs 90.62 ± 54.74 min, P < 0.01) and a lower percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (14.04% ± 5.64% vs 20.71% ± 6.77%, P < 0.05) as well as a higher frequency of periodic limb movements (10.56 ± 2.85/h vs 2.79 ± 0.61/h, P < 0.01). The comparison of sleep parameters among Child A, B and C cirrhotic patients revealed a significant reduction of REM sleep stage occurrence in individuals with severe liver disease (Child C patients) compared to Child A/B patients (polysomnography percentage of REM sleep stage of patients Child A: 16.1% ± 1.2%; Child B: 14.9% ± 1.2%; Child C: 8.6% ± 1.6%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cirrhosis was associated with shorter sleep time, reduced sleep efficiency, increased sleep latency, increased REM latency and reduced REM sleep. Additionally, disease severity influences sleep parameters.

Corrected QT interval in cirrhosis:A systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Corrected QT(QTc)interval is prolonged in patients with liver cirrhosis and has been proposed to correlate with the severity of the disease.However,the effects of sex,age,severity,and etiology of cirrhosis on QTc have not been elucidated.At the same time,the role of treatment,acute illness,and liver transplantation(Tx)remains largely unknown.AIM To determine the mean QTc in patients with cirrhosis,assess whether QTc is prolonged in patients with cirrhosis,and investigate whether QTc is affected by factors such as sex,age,severity,etiology,treatment,acute illness,and liver Tx.METHODS In the present systematic review and meta-analysis,the searching protocol“{[QTc]OR[QT interval]OR[QT-interval]OR[Q-T syndrome]}AND{[cirrhosis]OR[Child-Pugh]OR[MELD]}”was applied in PubMed,EMBASE,and Google Scholar databases to identify studies that reported QTc in patients with cirrhosis and published after 1998.Seventy-three studies were considered eligible.Data concerning first author,year of publication,type of study,method used,sample size,mean age,female ratio,alcoholic etiology of cirrhosis ratio,Child-Pugh A/B/C ratio,mean model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score,treatment withβ-blockers,episode of acute gastrointestinal bleeding,formula for QT correction,mean pulse rate,QTc in patients with cirrhosis and controls,and QTc according to etiology of cirrhosis,sex,Child-Pugh stage,MELD score,and liver Tx status(pre-Tx/post-Tx)were retrieved.The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale appraised the quality of the eligible studies.Effect estimates,expressed as proportions or standardized mean differences,were combined using the randomeffects,generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.Subgroup,sensitivity analysis,and meta-regressions were applied to assess heterogeneity.RESULTS QTc combined mean in patients with cirrhosis was 444.8 ms[95%confidence interval(CI):440.4-449.2;P<0.001 when compared with the upper normal limit of 440 ms],presenting high heterogeneity(I2=97.5%;95%CI:97.2%-97.8%);both Egger’s and Begg’s tests showed non-significance.QTc was elongated in patients with cirrhosis compared with controls(P<0.001).QTc was longer in patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis when compared with Child-Pugh B and A(P<0.001);Child-Pugh B patients presented longer QTc when compared with Child-Pugh A patients(P=0.003).The MELD score was higher in patients with cirrhosis with QTc>440 ms when compared with QTc≤440 ms(P<0.001).No correlation of QTc with age(P=0.693),sex(P=0.753),or etiology(P=0.418)was detected.β-blockers shortened QTc(P<0.001).QTc was prolonged during acute gastrointestinal bleeding(P=0.020).Tx tended to improve QTc(P<0.001).No other sources of QTc heterogeneity were revealed.CONCLUSION QTc is prolonged in cirrhosis independently of sex,age,and etiology but is correlated with severity and affected byβ-blockers and acute gastrointestinal bleeding.QTc is improved after liver Tx.

Vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis relates to liver dysfunction rather than aetiology

AIM: To examine the vitamin D status in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to those with primary biliary cirrhosis. METHODS: Our retrospective case series comprised 89 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 34 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who visited our outpatient clinic in 2005 and underwent a serum vitamin D status assessment. RESULTS: Among the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 85% had serum vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L and 55% had levels below 25 nmol/L, as compared to 60% and 16% of the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, respectively (P < 0.001). In both groups, serum vitamin D levels decreased with increasing liver disease severity, as determined by the Child-Pugh score. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis relates to liver dysfunction rather than aetiology, with lower levels of vitamin D in alcoholic cirrhosis than in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Rapid measurement of indocyanine green retention by pulse spectrophotometry: a validation study in 70 patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The indocyanine green (ICG) retention test is the most popular liver function test for selecting patients for major hepatectomy. Traditionally, it is done using spectrophotometry with serial blood sampling. The newly- developed pulse spectrophotometry is a faster alternative, but its accuracy on Child-Pugh A cirrhotic patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma has not been well documented. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the LiMON , one of the pulse spectrophotometry systems, in measuring preoperative ICG retention in these patients and to devise an easy formula for conversion of the results so that they can be compared with classical literature records where ICG retention was measured by the traditional method. METHODS: We measured the liver function of 70 Child-Pugh A cirrhotic patients before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma from September 2008 to January 2009. ICG retention at 15 minutes measured by traditional spectrophotometry (ICGR15) was compared with ICG retention at 15 minutes measured by the LiMON (ICGR15(L)). RESULTS: The median ICGR15 was 14.7% (5.6%-32%) and the median ICGR15(L) was 10.4% (1.2%-28%). The mean difference between them was -4.3606. There was a strong correlation between ICGR15 and ICGR15(L) (correlation coefficient, 0.844; 95% confidence interval, 0.762-0.899). The following formula was devised: ICGR15=1.16×ICGR15(L)+2.73.CONCLUSIONS: The LiMON provides a fast and repeatable way to measure ICG retention at 15 minutes, but with constant underestimation of the real value. Therefore, when comparing results obtained by traditional spectrophotometry and the LiMON, adjustment of results from the latter is necessary, and this can be done with a simple mathematical calculation using the above formula.

Detection of siderotic nodules in the liver with susceptibility weighted imaging： correlations to serum ferritin, Child-Pugh grade and hyaluronic acid levels

Background Chronic liver disease causes aberrant formation of fibrous tissue that impedes normal liver function, ultimately resulting in liver cirrhosis. Iron uptake can occur within the hepatic parenchyma or within the various nodules that form in a cirrhotic liver, termed siderotic nodules （SN）. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of susceptibility weighted imaging （SWI） for detection of SN in patients with liver cirrhosis, and to evaluate the potential of SN numbers for assessing the degree of hepatic iron deposition, liver function, and liver fibrosis stage. Methods Ninety-one patients with chronic liver cirrhosis, who underwent megnetic resonance imagine （MRI） scanning in our department between November 2010 and April 2011, were included in the study. A 3.0T MRI scanner was used to acquire T1WI, T2WI, T2＊WI, and SWI images. The number of nodules, signal intensity ratio （SIR）, and contrast noise ratio （CNR） were recorded and analyzed by chi-square and ANOVA statistical tests. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations between the number of SN and Child-Pugh classification, ferritin and hyaluronic acid levels. Results The sensitivity of SWI, T1WI, T2WI, and T2＊WI for detecting SN was 62.5%, 12.1%, 24.2% and 41.8%, respectively. SWI detected significantly more nodules than routine T1WI, T2WI, and T2＊WI procedures （P 〈0.05）. The SIR was the lowest in SWI （0.361±0.209）, as compared to T1WI （0.852±0.163）, T2WI （0.584±0.172）, and T2＊WI （0.497±0.196）. The CNR was the highest in SWI （13.932±5.637）, as compared to T1WI （9.147±5.785）, T2WI （9.771±5.490）, and T2＊WI （11.491±4.573）. The correlation coefficients of the number of SN with ferritin, Child-Pugh classification, and hyaluronic acid levels were 0.672, -0.055, and 0.163, respectively. Conclusions The sensitivity and contrast of SWI for detecting SN in patients with liver cirrhosis are higher than conventional MRI. The number of SN can help to assess the degree of iron deposition in patients with liver cirrhosis.

肝功能生化检验指标在Child-Pugh分级肝炎肝硬化患者诊断中的作用分析

目的:分析谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)在Child-Pugh分级肝炎肝硬化患者诊断中的作用。方法:选取2023年2月—2024年2月仁怀市人民医院收治的90例肝炎肝硬化患者为研究对象,按照肝硬化Child-Pugh分级标准将其分为A组(n=26)、B组(n=35)和C组(n=29)三组,分别对应A、B、C。比较三组GGT、CHE、TBA、ALB、TC的水平及其阳性检出率。结果:三组Child-Pugh分级各项评分对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组GGT、TBA水平均高于A组、B组,CHE、ALB、TC水平均低于A组、B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组阳性检出率对比,差异均无统计学无意义(P>0.05)。结论:GGT、CHE、TBA、ALB、TC在不同Child-Pugh分级肝炎肝硬化患者中的诊断效果良好,可判断肝炎肝硬化程度。

蛋白C、蛋白S、抗凝血酶、凝血因子Ⅷ在不同Child-Pugh肝功能分级的慢性肝硬化患者中的应用研究

目的 探讨血浆蛋白C(protein C,PC)、血浆蛋白S(protein S,PS)、血浆抗凝血酶(antithrombin, AT)、血浆凝血因子Ⅷ(coagulation factor Ⅷ,F Ⅷ)在不同Child-Pugh肝功能分级的慢性肝硬化患者中的应用意义。方法 选取2020年12月至2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院进行诊治的96例慢性肝硬化患者作为研究对象,另选择同期体检正常的15例正常人作为对照组,分别采用发色底物法和凝固法测定不同Child-Pugh肝功能分级患者的PC、PS、AT、FⅧ等水平并进行比较,并分析相关性。结果 蛋白C、蛋白S、AT、FⅧ在不同Child-Pugh肝功能分级的分组间有显著差异。随着Child-Pugh肝功能分级变差,患者的蛋白C、蛋白S和AT的活性明显降低,FⅧ活性增加。结论慢性肝硬化有高凝风险,建议检测和评估血栓形成的可能。

Clinical Aspects and Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy Associated with Cirrhosis in a Cameroonian Population

Background: Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), a common complication of cirrhosis, is associated with a pejorative prognosis. This study aims to describe the clinical presentation, precipitating factors and outcome of HE. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter inpatient study in cirrhotic patients admitted for HE in four tertiary hospitals in Yaoundé (Cameroon) from December 2016 to May 2017. The diagnosis of HE was based on West Haven clinical criteria. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made using clinical and/or biological, endoscopic and/or ultrasonography signs. Results: A total of 53 patients with HE (mean age: 49.9 ± 18.9 years, 35 Males) were included. The frequency of hospital admission for HE was 4.9%. HE grade III was the most common (37.7%), followed by grades I and II (26.4% and 26.4%, respectively). Grade IV was present in 9.4% of cases. According to the Child-Pugh score, 72.1% of the patients were at stage C and 27.9% at stage B. The main precipitating factors found were: constipation (38.5%), hyponatremia (35.9%), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (31.7%), herbal medicine (28.3%), hypokalemia (25.6%), gastrointestinal bleeding (22.6%) and ascitic fluid infection (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) (13.8%). In 5.7% of cases, no factor was identified. Mortality rate during hospitalization was 45.3% and was significantly associated with stage III (RR = 11.1;95% CI: 1.9 - 64.5;p = 0.003) and IV (RR = 24;95% CI: 1.6 - 40.9;p = 0.01) of HE;Child-Pugh C score (RR = 15.2;95% CI: 1.7 - 30.1;p = 0.003) and hypokalemia (RR = 12.2;95% CI: 1.3 - 19;p = 0.01). Conclusion: HE is a common complication during cirrhosis with a poor prognosis. In the majority of cases, a precipitating factor could be determined.

肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级与吲哚菁绿试验及iMELD评分相关性研究

目的:对肝硬化患者Child分级与吲哚菁绿(ICG)清除试验及iMELD评分进行对比研究,探讨三者的相关性。方法:选择在武警特色医学中心消化病科住院的78例肝硬化患者。比较其Child分级、ICG清除试验指标(K值、EHBF、ICG R15)及iMELD评分,并分析Child分级与ICG R15及iMELD评分的相关性,比较ICG R15及iMELD评分的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:肝硬化患者中,Child A、B、C级患者分别为35、25、18例;随着Child分级的升高,ICG R15及iMELD评分随之升高,K值及EHBF随之下降,差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为39.421,41.340,31.860,20.813,P<0.001)。Child分级分别与ICG R15及iMELD评分呈正相关(r=0.715,r=0.716,P均<0.001);ICG R15与iMELD也呈正相关(r=0.607,P<0.001)。ICG R15的AUC为0.892,iMELD评分的AUC为0.861,ICG R15评估预后的最佳截点为22.85,敏感度为82.9%,特异度为86%。iMELD评分评估预后的最佳截点为30.08,敏感度为85.7%,特异度79.1%。结论:ICG R15与iMELD评分对患者预后的评估敏感度无明显差异,而ICG R15对患者预后的评估特异度更高。临床上,我们需要结合多种评估方法综合考虑肝硬化患者肝功能。

肝硬化合并急性胆囊炎患者手术风险评估

目的探讨不同胆囊炎严重程度分级和不同终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分的肝硬化合并急性胆囊炎(AC)患者手术风险。方法2021年2月~2022年12月我院诊治的92例肝硬化合并AC患者,均行腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术(LC)治疗。术前采用《东京指南(2018年)》评估胆囊炎严重程度,其中Ⅰ级55例,Ⅱ级/Ⅲ级37例。常规计算MELD评分,其中低危组64例,中高危组28例。应用Logistic回归分析影响手术风险的因素。结果各组中转开腹率比较,差异无显著性统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅱ级/Ⅲ级患者手术时间为(88.8±11.8)min,显著长于Ⅰ级患者【(77.1±10.4)min,P<0.05】,术中出血量和腹腔引流量分别为(91.4±18.7)mL和(339.7±40.7)mL,显著大于Ⅰ级患者【分别为(79.5±12.2)mL和(285.9±36.4)mL,P<0.05】,而低危与中高危MELD评分患者手术指标比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ⅱ级/Ⅲ级患者术后感染、出血和胆漏等并发症发生率为27.0%,显著高于Ⅰ级患者的7.3%(P<0.05),中高危MELD患者术后并发症发生率为28.6%,显著高于低危患者的9.4%(P<0.05);以中转开腹以及术后发生并发症为手术风险组(n=18),结果风险组胆囊炎Ⅱ级/Ⅲ级和MELD评分为中高危比例分别为61.1%和55.6%,显著高于非风险组的35.1%和24.3%(P<0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析显示胆囊炎Ⅱ级/Ⅲ级和MELD评分为中高危是肝硬化合并AC患者LC手术高风险的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论术前评估胆囊炎严重程度分级和MELD评分可以帮助临床医生评估LC手术治疗肝硬化合并AC患者的风险而给予应有的重视和处理。

分级护理在乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨分级护理在乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿患者中的应用效果.方法:选取2020年7月至2023年7月本院收治的102例乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿患者为研究对象.依据护理模式将其分为观察组(n=52,给予常规护理联合分级护理)和对照组(n=50,给予常规护理).采取统计学分析方法,对两组患者依从性行为,肝功能[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)]及并发症总发生率进行比较.结果:干预后,观察组患者检查配合、饮食、护理配合、心理调节、遵医用药各项评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组患者ALT、AST水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率(3/52,5.77%)低于对照组(10/50,20.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:在乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿患者中实施分级护理可有效提高治疗依从性,改善患者肝功能水平,促进病情恢复.

肝癌肝硬化患者肝功能相关指标与Child-Pugh分级之间的相互关系

目的探讨肝癌肝硬化患者肝功能各生化指标变化及其与Child-Pugh肝功能分级积分之间的相互关系。方法对124例肝癌肝硬化患者进行Child-Pugh分级并分别测定其相关肝功能各生化指标,同时检测了凝血酶原时间(PT)。结果 Child-Pugh肝功能分级加重,肝功能清蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、ALB/球蛋白(GLB)、拟胆碱脂酸(Pche)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶与天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶的比值指标浓度呈递减现象,与Child-Pugh肝功能积分均呈显著负相关,肝功能总胆红素(TBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)和PT指标浓度呈递增现象,与Child-Pugh积分均呈显著正相关,且各指标Child-Pugh A、B、C三级之间存在一定显著性差异。结论肝癌肝硬化患者存在明显肝功能异常,且与肝硬化程度密切相关。

终末期肝病模型及Child-Pugh分级对失代偿期肝硬化患者的预后分析

目的探讨终末期肝病模型(MELD)及Child-Pugh评分对失代偿期肝硬化预后评估的应用价值。方法应用MELD评分公式及Child-Pugh分级对136例失代偿期肝硬化患者进行评分及分级,比较两种系统对肝硬化预后的评估。结果分别有19.85%和33.82%患者3个月和6个月内死亡,死亡组MELD和Child-Pugh评分均高于生存组(P<0.001);MELD评分在3个月预后评估的ROC曲线AUC高于Child-Pugh评分(P<0.05);生存分析表明MELD与Child-Pugh评分均可有效地分辨6个月内可能生存及死亡的患者(P<0.005);MELD评分与Child评分显著相关(r=0.67,P<0.001)。结论MELD评分及Child-Pugh评分均可预测失代偿期肝硬化患者短期预后,MELD评分短期评估优于Child-Pugh分级。

肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级与血小板生成素的关系

目的:探讨肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级与血小板生成素(TPO)的关系.方法:选取肝硬化患者119例,另选取与肝硬化组性别和年龄相匹配的30例健康人作为对照组;晨起空腹采血、离心分离血清,检测血液常规、血液生化、血离子、肝炎病毒标志物,肝脾B超检查;用ELISA法检测血清TPO含量.结果:肝硬化患者中Child-Pugh A、B、C级分别为43例、63例和13例.与对照组相比,肝硬化患者平均TPO水平无显著性差异,A级TPO水平有升高的趋势,但无统计学意义,而B级(43.44ng/L±33.51ng/L)和C级(45.16ng/L±30.04ng/L)则明显降低(P=0.001,0.048);血小板计数(PLT)在A级、B级和C级逐渐下降,与对照组相比,均有显著性差异(均P<0.001);TPO与PLT在对照组呈负相关(r=-0.363,P=0.048),在Child-Pugh A级和C级两者无相关性,在B级呈正相关且有统计学意义(r=0.383,P=0.002).结论:肝脏合成TPO减少是晚期肝硬化患者血小板减少的重要原因;TPO和PLT可以作为反应肝脏功能的指标.

能谱CT成像应用于肝硬化Child-Pugh分级

目的:探讨宝石CT能谱成像(gemstone spectral imaging,GSI)的多点多参数分析在肝硬化ChildPugh分级中的应用价值。方法:58例肝硬化患者(Child-Pugh分级:A级20例,B级20例,C级18例)纳入研究,采用能谱CT进行GSI三期增强扫描,测量并计算动脉期肝左叶、右叶、尾状叶及门脉期肝左叶、右叶、尾状叶、门脉主干、脾脏的标准化碘浓度,计算能谱曲线斜率,按分级比较。运用ROC曲线评估诊断效能,分别计算以碘浓度比、能谱曲线斜率为诊断指标的敏感度及特异度。结果:动脉期各参数各级间没有显著性差异(P≥0.05)。门脉期门静脉标准化碘浓度值A级(1.169±0.093)显著高于C级(1.098±0.097,P=0.026);脾脏标准化碘浓度值A、B、C级分别为0.689±0.068、0.633±0.086、0.549±0.138,两两比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);门脉能谱曲线斜率A级(3.723±0.894)显著高于C级(3.028±0.536,P=0.007);脾脏能谱曲线斜率A、B、C级分别为1.711±0.197、1.706±0.433、1.392±0.479,A、B级分别与C级间有显著性差异(PAC=0.015,PBC=0.042)。分别选择合适的诊断阈值,可使上述敏感度及特异度均达到60.0%及以上。结论:CT能谱成像并多点多参数分析有助于临床进行肝硬化程度分级。

Application of a biochemical and clinical model to predict individual survival in patients with end-stage liver disease

AIM:To investigate the capability of a biochemical and clinical model,BioCliM,in predicting the survival of cirrhotic patients.METHODS:We prospectively evaluated the survival of 172 cirrhotic patients.The model was constructed using clinical(ascites,encephalopathy and variceal bleeding) and biochemical(serum creatinine and serum total bilirubin) variables that were selected from a Cox proportional hazards model.It was applied to estimate 12-,52-and 104-wk survival.The model's calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic was computed at 104 wk in a validation dataset.Finally,the model's validity was tested among an independent set of 85 patients who were stratified into 2 risk groups(low risk≤8 and high risk>8).RESULTS:In the validation cohort,all measures of fi t,discrimination and calibration were improved when the biochemical and clinical model was used.The proposed model had better predictive values(c-statistic:0.90,0.91,0.91) than the Model for End-stage Liver Disease(MELD) and Child-Pugh(CP) scores for 12-,52-and 104-wk mortality,respectively.In addition,the Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L) statistic revealed that the biochemical and clinical model(H-L,4.69) is better calibrated than MELD(H-L,17.06) and CP(H-L,14.23).There were no significant differences between the observed and expected survival curves in the stratified risk groups(low risk,P=0.61;high risk,P=0.77).CONCLUSION:Our data suggest that the proposed model is able to accurately predict survival in cirrhotic patients.

多参数磁共振成像联合LI-RADS分级标准对肝硬化再生结节与小肝癌的诊断价值及临床意义

目的探讨多参数磁共振成像(Mp-MRI)联合肝脏影像报告和数据管理系统(LI-RADS)分级标准对肝硬化再生结节与小肝癌(SHCC)的诊断价值及临床意义。方法选取2019年3月至2023年3月我院直径≤3 cm的肝脏结节患者86例(132个结节),根据手术病理结果将肝硬化再生结节38例(54个结节)记为良性组,SHCC 48例(78个结节)记为恶性组。比较2组LI-RADS分级和Mp-MRI参数[增强率(ER)、平均强化时间(MET)、最大上升斜率(MSI)、最大下降斜率(MSD)、表观扩散系数(ADC)、脂肪分数(FF)],分析其诊断价值。结果经LI-RADS分级标准诊断,132个结节中共检出阳性76个,阴性56个,其中假阳性10个,假阴性12个;恶性组ER、MET、MSI、ADC低于良性组,FF、MSD高于良性组(P<0.05);受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,Mp-MRI参数联合LI-RADS分级标准诊断肝硬化再生结节与SHCC的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.946(95%CI:0.892~0.977),约登指数为0.811,灵敏度为88.46%,特异度为92.59%,优于各Mp-MRI参数及LI-RADS分级单独诊断;恶性组不同病理分级结节LI-RADS分级比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ER、MET、MSI、ADC在高分化结节中最高,中分化结节次之,低分化结节最低,FF、MSD在低分化结节最高,中分化结节次之,高分化结节最低(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析结果显示,LI-RADS分级、ER、MET、MSI、ADC与SHCC病理分级呈正相关,FF、MSD与SHCC病理分级呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论Mp-MRI参数联合LI-RADS分级标准诊断肝硬化再生结节与SHCC的价值可靠,且能为临床评估SHCC病理分级提供参考依据。