Our previous findings have demonstrated that autophagy regulation can alleviate the decline of learning and memory by eliminating deposition of extracellular beta-amyloid peptide （Aβ） in the brain after stroke, but...Our previous findings have demonstrated that autophagy regulation can alleviate the decline of learning and memory by eliminating deposition of extracellular beta-amyloid peptide （Aβ） in the brain after stroke, but the exact mechanism is unclear. It is presumed that the regulation of beta-site APP-deaving enzyme 1 （BACE1）, the rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of Aβ, would be a key site. Neuro-2a/amyloid precursor protein 695 （APP695） cell models of cerebral isch- emia were established by oxygen-glucose deprivation to investigate the effects of Rapamycin （an autophagy inducer） or 3-methyladenine （an autophagy inhibitor） on the expression of BACE1. Either oxygen-glucose deprivation or Rapamycin down-regulated the expression of BACE1 while 3-methyladenine up-regulated BACE1 expression. These results confirm that oxygen-glucose deprivation down-regulates BACE1 expression in Neuro-2a/APP695 cells through the introduction of autophagy.展开更多
Objective：Endothelial cells （ECs） are important metabolic and endocrinal organs which play a significant role in regulating vascular function.Vascular ECs,located between the blood and vascular tissues,can not only...Objective：Endothelial cells （ECs） are important metabolic and endocrinal organs which play a significant role in regulating vascular function.Vascular ECs,located between the blood and vascular tissues,can not only complete the metabolism of blood and interstitial fluid but also synthesize and secrete a variety of biologically active substances to maintain vascular tension and keep a normal flow of blood and long-term patency.Therefore,this article presents a systematic review of common injuries and healing mechanisms for the vascular endothelium.Data Sources：An extensive search in the PubMed database was undertaken,focusing on research published after 2003 with keywords including endothelium,vascular,wounds and injuries,and wound healing.Study Selection：Several types of articles,including original studies and literature reviews,were identified and reviewed to summarize common injury and repair processes of the endothelial lining.Results：Endothelial injury is closely related to the development of multiple cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.However,the mechanism of vascular endothelial injury is not fully understood.Numerous studies have shown that the mechanisms of EC injury mainly involve inflammatory reactions,physical stimulation,chemical poisons,concurrency of related diseases,and molecular changes.Endothelial progenitor cells play an important role during the process of endothelial repair after such injuries.What＇s more,a variety of restorative cells,changes in cytokines and molecules,chemical drugs,certain RNAs,regulation of blood pressure,and physical fitness training protect the endothelial lining by reducing the inducing factors,inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress reactions,and delaying endothelial caducity.Conclusions：ECs are always in the process of being damaged.Several therapeutic targets and drugs were seeked to protect the endothelium and promote repair.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31171014,31371065a grant from Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau,China,No.20134125a grant from Shanghai Pudong District Health Bureau of China,No.PDZz2013-10
文摘Our previous findings have demonstrated that autophagy regulation can alleviate the decline of learning and memory by eliminating deposition of extracellular beta-amyloid peptide （Aβ） in the brain after stroke, but the exact mechanism is unclear. It is presumed that the regulation of beta-site APP-deaving enzyme 1 （BACE1）, the rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of Aβ, would be a key site. Neuro-2a/amyloid precursor protein 695 （APP695） cell models of cerebral isch- emia were established by oxygen-glucose deprivation to investigate the effects of Rapamycin （an autophagy inducer） or 3-methyladenine （an autophagy inhibitor） on the expression of BACE1. Either oxygen-glucose deprivation or Rapamycin down-regulated the expression of BACE1 while 3-methyladenine up-regulated BACE1 expression. These results confirm that oxygen-glucose deprivation down-regulates BACE1 expression in Neuro-2a/APP695 cells through the introduction of autophagy.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31271097）.
文摘Objective：Endothelial cells （ECs） are important metabolic and endocrinal organs which play a significant role in regulating vascular function.Vascular ECs,located between the blood and vascular tissues,can not only complete the metabolism of blood and interstitial fluid but also synthesize and secrete a variety of biologically active substances to maintain vascular tension and keep a normal flow of blood and long-term patency.Therefore,this article presents a systematic review of common injuries and healing mechanisms for the vascular endothelium.Data Sources：An extensive search in the PubMed database was undertaken,focusing on research published after 2003 with keywords including endothelium,vascular,wounds and injuries,and wound healing.Study Selection：Several types of articles,including original studies and literature reviews,were identified and reviewed to summarize common injury and repair processes of the endothelial lining.Results：Endothelial injury is closely related to the development of multiple cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.However,the mechanism of vascular endothelial injury is not fully understood.Numerous studies have shown that the mechanisms of EC injury mainly involve inflammatory reactions,physical stimulation,chemical poisons,concurrency of related diseases,and molecular changes.Endothelial progenitor cells play an important role during the process of endothelial repair after such injuries.What＇s more,a variety of restorative cells,changes in cytokines and molecules,chemical drugs,certain RNAs,regulation of blood pressure,and physical fitness training protect the endothelial lining by reducing the inducing factors,inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress reactions,and delaying endothelial caducity.Conclusions：ECs are always in the process of being damaged.Several therapeutic targets and drugs were seeked to protect the endothelium and promote repair.
