基于MDTimeGAN的序列数据生成方法

非侵入式负荷分解是能源管理领域的一个热门研究课题,其在各种工业和商业场景中都得到广泛应用。针对负荷分解数据集中存在的样本不平衡问题,提出一种基于多判别器时间序列生成对抗网络(MDTimeGAN)的序列数据生成方法。通过对原始序列提取时域、频域、时频域以及自相关特征,并在TimeGAN模型基础上采用4种不同的判别器对时间序列的多维度特征进行判别,从而提高对原始数据的判别能力,提升数据质量。在3种公开数据集上进行横向和纵向对比实验,结果表明,与对比模型相比,MDTimeGAN模型生成的数据能够更好地覆盖原始数据的分布,在数据分布方面保持良好的性能,生成数据符合时间序列数据的特点。

Experimental study on remodeling strength of granular materials under different loads and lengths of time

Remodeled clay and sand rock specimens were prepared by designing lateral confinement and water drainage experiments based on the stress exerted on granular materials in a waste dump.An in situ test was conducted in an internal waste dump;the physical and mechanical parameters of the remodeled rock mass dumped at different time and depths were measured.Based on statistics,regression analysis was performed with regard to the shearing stress parameters acquired from the two tests.Other factors,such as remodeling pressure(burial depth),remodeling time(amount of time since waste was dumped),and the corresponding functional relationship,were determined.Analysis indicates that the cohesion of the remodeled clay and its remodeling pressure are correlated by a quadratic function but are not correlated with remodeling time length.In situ experimental results indicate that the shear strength of reshaped granular materials in the internal dump is positively correlated with burial depth but poorly correlated with time length.Cohesion Cand burial depth H follow a quadratic function,specifically for a short time since waste has been dumped.As revealed by both in situ and laboratory experiments,the remodeling strength of granular materials varies in a certain pattern.The consistency of such materials verifies the reliability of the remodeling experimental program.

Load-redistribution strategy based on time-varying load against cascading failure of complex network

Cascading failure can cause great damage to complex networks, so it is of great significance to improve the network robustness against cascading failure. Many previous existing works on load-redistribution strategies require global information, which is not suitable for large scale networks, and some strategies based on local information assume that the load of a node is always its initial load before the network is attacked, and the load of the failure node is redistributed to its neighbors according to their initial load or initial residual capacity. This paper proposes a new load-redistribution strategy based on local information considering an ever-changing load. It redistributes the loads of the failure node to its nearest neighbors according to their current residual capacity, which makes full use of the residual capacity of the network. Experiments are conducted on two typical networks and two real networks, and the experimental results show that the new load-redistribution strategy can reduce the size of cascading failure efficiently.

Space-time evolution rules of acoustic emission location of unloaded coal sample at different loading rates

By using MTS815 rock mechanics test system,a series of acoustic emission(AE) location experiments were performed under unloading confining pressure,increasing the axial stress.The AE space-time evolution regularities and energy releasing characteristics during deformation and failure process of coal of different loading rates are compared,the influence mechanism of loading rates on the microscopic crack evolution were studied,combining the AE characteristics and the macroscopic failure modes of the specimens,and the precursory characteristics of coal failure were also analyzed quantitatively.The results indicate that as the loading rate is higher,the AE activity and the main fracture will begin earlier.The destruction of coal body is mainly the function of shear strain at lower loading rate and tension strain at higher rate,and will transform from brittleness to ductility at critical velocities.When the deformation of the coal is mainly plasticity,the amplitude of the AE ringing counting rate increases largely and the AE energy curves appear an obvious ''step'',which can be defined as the first failure precursor point.Statics of AE information shows that the strongest AE activity begins when the axial stress level was 92-98%,which can be defined as the other failure precursor point.As the loading rate is smaller,the coal more easily reaches the latter precursor point after the first one,so attention should be aroused to prevent dynamic disaster in coal mining when the AE activity reaches the first precursor point.

Dependence of loading time on control parameters in a standard vapour-oaded magneto-optical trap

Loading time is one of the most important dynamic characteristics of a magneto-optical trap. In this paper, we primarily report on a detailed experimental study of the effects of some magneto-optical trap control parameters on loading time, including the background vacuum pressure, the magnetic field gradient, and the intensities of trapping and repumping lasers. We compare the results with previous theoretical and experimental results, and give qualitative analysis. These experimental investigations offer some useful guidelines to coatrol the loading time of magneto-optical traps. The controllable loading time achieved is helpful to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of photoassociation spectroscopy, which is remarkably improved from 7 to 28.6.

Effects of drive current rise-time and initial load density distribution on Z-pinch characteristics

A two-dimensional, three-temperature radiation magneto-hydrodynamics model is applied to the investigation of evolutional trends in x-ray radiation power, energy, peak plasma temperature and density as functions of drive current rise-time and initial load density distribution by using the typical experimental parameters of tungsten wire-array Z- pinch on the Qiangguang-I generator. The numerical results show that as the drive current rise-time is shortened, x-ray radiation peak power, energy, peak plasma density and peak ion temperature increase approximately linearly, but among them the x-ray radiation peak power increases more quickly. As the initial plasma density distribution in the radial direction becomes gradually flattened, the peak radiation power and the peak ion-temperature almost exponentially increase, while the radiation energy and the peak plasma density change only a little. The main effect of shortening drive current rise-time is to enhance compression of plasma, and the effect of flattening initial load density distribution in the radial direction is to raise the plasma temperature. Both of the approaches elevate the x-ray peak radiation power

Simulation on the Time Progress of the Non-Point Source Pollution Load in Initial Stage Runoff for Small Watershed

Taking a reservoir in South China as an example, we use rainfall-runoff unit hydrograph method to analyze the time changing process of surface runoff inflow, which generated by typical design rainfall. On the basis of time series data of flow and water quality in control section of the main rivers in Xili Reservoir, we establish mathematical response relation between non-point source pollutants flux, such as flux of COD, flux of NH3-H, in catchment area of control section and runoff. Then we simulate the time dynamic change progress of non-point source pollution load which generate with the initial stage runoff that generated by design rainfall and flow into reservoir. It can provide technical parameters for the design of non-point source which generate from early runoff treatment project.

Generation and Application of A Standardized Load-Time History to Tubular T-joints in Offshore Platforms

Marine structures are mostly made of metals and always experience complex random loading during their service periods. The fatigue crack growth behaviors of metal materials have been proved from laboratory tests to be sensitive to the loading sequence encountered. In order to take account of the loading sequence effect, fatigue life prediction should be based on fatigue crack propagation（FCP） theory rather than the currently used cumulative fatigue damage（CFD） theory. A unified fatigue life prediction（UFLP） method for marine structures has been proposed by the authors＇ group. In order to apply the UFLP method for newly designed structures, authorities such as the classification societies should provide a standardized load-time history（SLH） such as the TWIST and FALSTAFF sequences for transport and fighter aircraft. This paper mainly aims at proposing a procedure to generate the SLHs for marine structures based on a short-term loading sample and to provide an illustration on how to use the presented SLH to a typical tubular T-joint in an offshore platform based on the UFLP method.

Opportunistic Routing for Time-Variety and Load-Balance over Wireless Sensor Networks

To aware the topology of wireless sensor networks (WSN) with time-variety, and load-balance the resource of communication and energy, an opportunistic routing protocol for WSN based on Opportunistic Routing Entropy and ant colony optimization, called ACO-TDOP, is proposed. At first, based on the second law of thermo-dynamics, we introduce the concept of Opportunistic Routing Entropy which is a parameter representing the transmission state of each node by taking into account the power left and the distance to the sink node. Then, it is proved that the problem of route thinking about Opportunistic Routing Entropy is shown to be NP-hard. So the protocol, ACO-TDOP, is proposed. At last, numerical results confirm that the ACO-TDOP is energy conservative and throughput gainful compared with other two existing routing protocols, and show that it is efficacious to analyze and uncover fundamental of message transmission with Opportunistic Routing in wireless network using the second law of thermodynamics.

Weighted Time-Variant Slide Fuzzy Time-Series Models for Short-Term Load Forecasting

Short-term load forecast plays an important role in the day-to-day operation and scheduling of generating units. Season and temperature are the most important factors that affect the load change, but random factors such as big sport events or popular TV shows can change demand consumption in particular hours, which will lead to sudden load changes. A weighted time-variant slide fuzzy time-series model (WTVS) for short-term load forecasting is proposed to improve forecasting accuracy. The WTVS model is divided into three parts, including the data preprocessing, the trend training and the load forecasting. In the data preprocessing phase, the impact of random factors will be weakened by smoothing the historical data. In the trend training and load forecasting phase, the seasonal factor and the weighted historical data are introduced into the Time-variant Slide Fuzzy Time-series Models (TVS) for short-term load forecasting. The WTVS model is tested on the load of the National Electric Power Company in Jordan. Results show that the proposed WTVS model achieves a significant improvement in load forecasting accuracy as compared to TVS models.

A Study of Retention Time Gradient Effect of Gradientally Loaded Columns

In this work, the 'retention time gradient effect' of gradient GC columns is intensively studied to establish some equations and formulas for structure calculation of chromatographic columns. In addition, the relevant computer programs are designed.

Investigation of Excavator Performance Factors in an Open-Pit Mine Using Loading Cycle Time

This study presents the effect of excavator model, loading operation location, shift availability and truck-shovel combination on loading cycle time and productivity of an open-pit mine. The loading cycle time was used to assess the material loading system performance which is one of the key components of the total cycle time for material transportation in an open-pit mine. Loading is among the components of cycle time during which material is being handled. The data analyzed?was?collected from a computerized dispatch system at GGM from which 62,000 loading dispatches per month involving several shifts, 14 excavators and 49 trucks were loaded. About 4465 dispatches per excavator and 1276 dispatches per truck were assessed using loading cycle time data for each dispatch for a period of four months (between August and December). Under fixed tonnage loaded and waste type (33 t of non-acid forming waste rock),?it was observed that loading cycle time depends on excavator model, location and truck being loaded. Average cycle times, PDFS?and CDFS of loading cycle time series were used to identify differences in performance under different situations. It was concluded that shift availability for excavators, loading location, excavator model and truck-shovel combinations strongly affect the productivity during loading process in an open-pit mine.

基于SDN的数据中心网络流量负载均衡研究

目前数据中心网络(data center network,DCN)的负载均衡方法存在对大小流的调度缺乏全局实时检测等不足,部分大流会造成拥塞、负载不均衡和带宽碎片等问题.针对上述问题,提出了一种SDN网络流量负载均衡算法—DSA-D.首先,对流量进行分类,为大流计算所有源至目的主机可达路径的最短跳数路径集;然后,根据LLDP和ECHO测量链路时延以求得时延最优路径集;最后,采用概率拟合算法分配路径,实现数据中心网络流量负载均衡.在相同场景下的实验结果表明,与ECMP、Hedera和DIFF算法相比,DSA-D算法具有更好的吞吐量、链路带宽利用率和平均往返时延.

一种时频尺度下的多元短期电力负荷组合预测方法

随机因素的增加导致电力负荷数据成分日渐复杂,使短期负荷预测的难度逐渐增大。针对该问题,提出一种时频尺度下的时间卷积网络与多元线性回归相融合的组合预测模型。利用自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)在时频域上将负荷数据分解为若干个频率特征不同的本征模态分量,在模糊熵准则下聚类为随机项和趋势项。采用皮尔逊系数从诸多影响因素中筛选出与电力负荷高度相关的特征,鉴于小时间尺度分析更易于挖掘局部细节特征,分别构建了随机项与趋势项的细颗粒度特征集。利用具有强非线性处理能力的时间卷积网络(temporal convolutional network,TCN)去预测随机项,利用结构简单及线性拟合效果好的多元线性回归(multiplelinearregression,MLR)去预测趋势项,将二者的预测结果进行叠加重构后获得最终预测值。在新加坡和比利时两组数据集上的实验结果证明:所提模型具有较高的预测精度、较好的泛化性能及鲁棒性。

可再生能源高渗透下时滞孤岛微电网的负荷频率控制

针对孤岛微电网系统中大规模接入可再生能源导致的低惯性和开放通信网络中通信延迟对系统稳定运行造成的不可忽略的影响,该文研究变时滞影响下低惯性孤岛微电网系统的负荷频率控制问题。首先,提出一种引入虚拟惯性控制的时滞微电网分层频率控制模型;然后构造一个新的Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,它包括时滞乘积项和增广的s-dependent积分项。进而,选取复合松弛积分不等式、二次函数不等式和凸组合等方法与所构造泛函有效配合,得到保守性更低的稳定性判据。最后,通过不同场景的仿真分析验证所提方法在提高孤岛微电网时滞稳定裕度和系统动态性能方面具有更好的效果,并分析了时滞稳定裕度与控制器参数、非线性负载扰动之间的关系。

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系是实现其材料到结构力学分析的桥梁纽带,成为再生粗骨料混凝土结构基础理论的基石。介绍了作者团队多年来在再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系方面取得的研究进展:采用模型化再生粗骨料方法,研究了复杂界面过渡区对再生粗骨料混凝土破坏行为的影响,揭示了再生粗骨料混凝土细观损伤本质与演化机理;从静力作用到动力作用,系统地开展了不同工况下再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变行为试验研究,探明了载荷条件对再生粗骨料混凝土应力与变形的影响规律并建立了相适应的力学与数学模型;进一步考虑再生粗骨料性能时空变异性,发现了再生粗骨料混凝土力学响应的概率分布特征,提出了再生粗骨料混凝土随机损伤本构关系;基于获得的本构模型,完成了再生粗骨料混凝土构件时变可靠度分析和结构动力非线性分析,为再生粗骨料混凝土在实际工程中的安全应用提供了理论支撑;提炼了相关研究结论并对未来研究工作进行了展望。

Development of All-Weather and Real-Time Bottom-Mounted Monitor of Bed Load Quantity

Quantity of bed load is an important physical parameter in sediment transport research. Aiming at the difficulties in the bed load measurement, this paper develops a bottom-mounted monitor to measure the bed load transport rate by adopting the sedimentation pit method and resolving such key problems as weighing and desilting, which can achieve long-time, all-weather and real-time telemeasurement of the bed load transport rate of plain rivers, estuaries and coasts. Both laboratory and field tests show that this monitor is reasonable in design, stable in properties and convenient in measurement, and it can be used to monitor the bed load transport rate in practical projects.

A Novel Technique for Detection of Time Delay Switch Attack on Load Frequency Control

In this paper, we focus on the estimation of time delays caused by adversaries in the sensing loop (SL). Based on the literature review, time delay switch (TDS) attacks could make any control system, in particular a power control system, unstable. Therefore, future smart grids will have to use advanced methods to provide better situational awareness of power grid states keeping smart grids reliable and safe from TDS attacks. Here, we introduce a simple method for preventing time delay switch attack on networked control systems. The method relies on an estimator that will estimate and track time delays introduced by an adversary. Knowing the maximum tolerable time delay of the plant’s optimal controller for which the plant remains stable, a time-delay detector issues an alarm signal when the estimated time delay is larger than the minimum one and directs the system to alarm state. In an alarm state, the plant operates under the control of an emergency controller that is local to the plant and remains in this mode until the networked control system state is restored. This method is an inexpensive and simple way to guarantee that an industrial control system remains stable and secure.

考虑风光消纳与电动汽车灵活性的调度策略

针对新能源随机性较大而出现一些极端情况时,现有分时电价下弃风、弃光与火电机组调节能力不足而导致切负荷成本较大的问题仍较为突出的现象,提出了一种考虑风光消纳与电动汽车灵活性的调度策略。首先,制定综合考虑风电、光伏、火电机组调节能力与基础负荷的分时电价,新增凹谷与尖峰电价时段,并引入价格弹性系数定量描述电动汽车对新增时段的响应;其次,基于电价信息建立电动汽车充放电模型,确定电动汽车充放电调度的电量信息;再次,统筹考虑电网、电动汽车聚合商以及电动汽车用户的三方利益,构建以负荷波动最小,弃风、弃光与用户充电成本最小和最大化聚合商收益为目标的电动汽车充放电优化调度模型;最后,通过算例验证所提模型的可行性与有效性。

掘进机器人行驶状态嵌入式传感系统研究

针对掘进机器人履带行驶结构作业处于高冲击、碰撞、高湿度和复杂煤岩底质等空间受限环境、受到的外部动载荷通常无法直接测量或测量比较复杂问题,提出了一种可实时监测掘进机器人履带动载荷的嵌入式传感系统无线监测方法。设计了适用于掘进机器人的特种履带行驶结构,搭建基体-夹板-无线采集模块等组成的多层复合封装防护结构,在封闭环境下对嵌入式传感系统进行无线传输特性及行驶状态下的动应力分布研究,并进行传感系统封装集成的测试精度标定试验。将嵌入式传感系统随机替换履带链环中的一块山型减振垫,对掘进机器人行驶状态周期循环的履带载荷历程进行监测测试。结果表明,该嵌入式传感系统在不改变履带链环整体受力的前提下,能实时采集履带行驶结构的动载荷并无线传输给上位机,动载荷时间历程数据完备、稳定可靠,解决了井下极端工况下掘进机器人履带行驶结构动载荷获取难题。