English Loan Words in Chinese and Their Impact on Chinese

The development of China has tremendously enhanced the intercultural communication among various nations and ethnic groups. As a result, more and more words are borrowed from English into Chinese to express those western-oriented objects,concepts, values, etc. This paper focuses on English loan words and their impact on Chinese. First, their classification will be presented; then, this paper will elaborate on the main characteristics of them; at last, their lexical as well as cultural impact on Chinese are revealed. Overall, it aims at proving that English loan words help promote the development and innovation of the Chinese language and enhance the performance of different language learners thus facilitating international exchange and crosscultural communication.

A Study on the Ideographic Trend of Chinese Loan Words in Translation

Based on the redefinition of Chinese loan words and corresponding types of Chinese loan words, this article makes an initiative hypothesis that nowadays the ideographic trend of Chinese loan words is being hastened to a greater degree than before.Depending on the Prototype Models Theory for the types of Chinese loan words, a comprehensive analysis of this trend is made in four aspects:the transfer from transliteration loans to loan translation;the ideographic trend of transliteration loans;the full ideograph of shift loan words;word-for-word translation of loan words.

Loan Words in Modem English and Their Features

English language, as a global language, is exerting greater influence on the world. It has been enlarging along with the development of the society, the progress of science and technology by the way of borrowing from other languages such as French, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic in the fields of politics, culture, education, economics, science, and technology. Borrowing or loan word has become an important part in the process of English vocabulary acquisition. This paper studies modem English loan words, summarizes types of loan words, and makes a tentative analysis of their features with the attempt to facilitate English learning in an effective way.

On loan words between English and Chinese——Discussion about the openness and assimilation of the words system

This paper mainly discusses the openness and assimilation of the words system from the viewpoint of loan words between English and Chinese.Both the history of loan words and the ways of borrowing words in English and Chinese have shown us the strong abilities of languages.

A Study of the Negative Influence of English Loan Words from Chinese Origin on the Image of Chinese People——Taking “Tuhao”“Dama” and “Guanxi” for examples

With the increasing Chinese influence on the international language English, words like "tuhao" and "dama" have been included into the Oxford Dictionary. Some loan words from China have undermined the image of Chinese people. This paper, by taking"tuhao","dama"and"guanxi"for examples, analyzes the impact of these new loan words in English on the image of Chinese people. The result shows these words have negative influence on the image of Chinese people. Therefore, countermeasures should be taken to strengthen the spread of China's positive image.

English Loan Words in Chinese

During the process of language contact, a lot of language changes may appear, among which lexical borrowing, the origin lexical item from one language being used by another language, is one of the most common phenomena. As a result of globalization, the frequent contact with western culture and the English language has brought a huge amount of lexical borrowings to the Chinese language. This paper mainly looks at the language contact of the English loan words in Chinese in the following three methods, namely transliteration, semantic loan and a mixture of the two respectively. The discussion over the examination will contribute to the understanding of English as a lingua franca and its language contact with Chinese.

维吾尔语中俄语、英语借词统计分析

为了更好地顺应时代潮流,维吾尔族通过借用其他语言的词汇来丰富本民族的词汇。首先,该文通过查阅文献了解维吾尔语借词的现状,发现维吾尔语中有大量的俄语、英语借词。同时,通过统计归纳总结发现,维吾尔语借词大部分是学术类和生活类词汇;其借入方式主要包括音译词、音译类别词和合璧词;借词的词性以名词为主;有些借词的词义发生了变化。其次,该文还探讨了借词借用的原因,如经济发展和社会变迁等。最后,针对借词现状和借入原则进行了深入思考,并提出了一些建议。总之,借词研究在维吾尔语中具有重要意义,值得进一步研究和探讨。

An Analysis of Borrowed Chinese Trade Words in the Malay Language

This paper discusses Chinese loan words in the Malay language that exhibit trade elements. The Chinese people who migrated to Malaya two centuries ago brought with them many words related to trade. This phenomenon is more prominent now that the current majority of the Chinese in Malaysia are involved in trading and businesses Out of 136 loan words taken from the fourth edition of the Kamus Dewan （the Malay language monolingual dictionary used as a teaching and studying companion in Malaysia, 2005）, 25 Chinese loan words are found to reflect elements of trade and these were used as research data. Semantic analysis was done in order to identify the meaning of these loan words in the Malay language. Borrowing methods were also assayed through the patterns of these loan words. Analyses showed that the Chinese loan words that are borrowed into the Malay language are numerous and have resulted in an enriched collection of Malay trade terms. These loan words are still widely used among speakers of the Malay language. The dominant borrowing method is transliteration. Hokkien or Amoy pronunciation was used as the basis for the formation of these loan words

西北地区语言接触研究:现状、问题与对策

西北地区的语言接触研究是当前语言学界关注的热点和难点。通过梳理西北地区语言接触的研究现状发现,已有研究成果着眼于语言接触产生的词汇借用现象、语言接触过程的语法复制以及语言接触理论研究等,研究形式多样,成果层出不穷。但也存在调查的深度和广度不够,比较研究、跨学科研究等有待进一步深入等问题。西北地区的语言接触研究不仅为汉语方言提供了语言接触研究的新视角,也为接触语言学提供了中国北方汉语和阿尔泰语言接触的研究个案,修正并完善了语言接触理论。西北地区的语言接触研究能够促进国家通用语言文字的发展,对于铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要意义。

何以可能:英语缩略语成为汉语形译词

《现代汉语词典》(第6版)因收录大量英语缩略语而遭到首都百余名学者反对,他们认为《现代汉语词典》收入英语词汇违犯了《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》。汉语中的英语缩略语是字母形译词。外来词借贷的实质是实现“语音转换”,即通过借方语的语音符号把贷方语语音转换为借方语语音。外语缩略语实现外→汉“语音转换”的前提是汉语具备一套拉丁字母名称音符号。汉语已具备一套拉丁字母音符,它们读汉化的英文字母折合音。人们用这套音符“音译”英语缩略语,字母形译词实质上是音译词。拉丁字母作为汉语音符是既定事实,“字母形译”则是必然产生的外来词借用方式。

“教授”考释——词语的东亚环流与词义变迁

中国近代教育体制转型时期涌现出一批重要术语。本文以“教授”为例,利用中日词源辞典、汉外/日外辞典、《申报》及《朝日新闻》等数据库,考察“教授”的词源、词义变迁,探讨该词在中日间的互动及传播。研究发现,“教授”源自汉籍,它随着中国典籍传入日本后,大约在19世纪70年代被赋予了“高校职称名”

基于多头注意力机制的BM-Linear信用贷款评估模型

信贷评估模型可加快放贷效率、缩减放贷时间。利用Pytorch深度学习框架,组合Bag-of-Words及Bert中多头注意力机制得到BM-Linear评估模型,同时在引入多组信贷训练集的前提下,创造性地构建参数独立训练及参数共用训练的对比实验,探究BM-Linear的优异性。研究表明:BM-Linear首先弱化与信贷训练集的对应关系,解决信贷模型受限于信贷场景问题,减少因反复训练模型所造成的放贷效率低下现象;其次,忽略缺失特征并将离散特征转为信贷文本,降低特征处理造成的信贷干扰,提高信贷评估效率;最后,克服因词袋与信贷词语对应关系所带来的词向量固化问题,实现动态词向量过程,进而提高评估准确率。所提出的BM-Linear模型,可为信贷机构高效评估快速放贷提供支持。

近代中日文明互鉴中的日语借词现象

长期以来,汉语中存在的大量日语借词现象被视为近代先进文化向落后文化的单向传播。该文通过对近代日语借词现象的分析,挖掘表象后面深层次的文字改革、文体革新、文学变革乃至文化交流事实,阐述了日语借词现象并非单向传播的结果,而是中日双方并存在亚洲汉字文化圈的前提下,双方的文字、文学、文化乃至日常生活相互接受和互相影响的结果,可谓中日文明的相互借鉴。

基于字符串相似度的维吾尔语中汉语借词识别

维汉机器翻译过程中会出现较多的未登录词,这些未登录词一部分属于借词(人名、地名等)。该文提出一种新颖的根据借词与原语言词发音相似这一特性进行维吾尔语中汉语借词识别的方法。该方法对已有语料进行训练,得到面向维吾尔语中汉语借词识别的维吾尔语拉丁化规则;根据以上规则对维吾尔语拉丁化,并对汉语词进行拼音化,将借词发音相似转换为字符串相似这一易量化标准;提出了位置相关的最小编辑距离模型、加权公共子序列模型以及二者的带参数融合模型。实验结果表明,综合考虑字符串全局相似性和局部相似性的带参数融合模型取得了最佳的识别效果。

试论现代汉语外来词吸收方式的变化及原因

汉民族在吸收外来词的时候,创造了各种方式,并根据时代的变迁不断进行调整优化,对外来词进行吸收与融合,表现了中华民族、中华文化巨大的包容性、创新精神和对外来文化的融汇能力。现代汉语在吸收外来词的时候,由于语言、文化、社会的各方面原因,其吸收方式在各个时期也随之发生变化,表现在三方面:从纯音译(早期)到意泽;音译的表意化倾向;纯音译的回潮与字母词的涌现。这些变化的出现是由现代汉语的特点、文化心理和社会进步的影响等几个方面决定的,而面对当代外来词的一词多译现象,可以建立"柔性规范",采用"异形并存"和"异格并用"原则来解决。

二十年来现代汉语中的英语借词及其对汉语语法的影响

对“外来词”的界定和分类 ,学术界有诸多观点。本文在承认意译词也是外来词的基础上 ,通过对我国改革开放以来涌现的英语借词进行考察 ,从字、形、义三方面把外来词分为音译、意译、中英文混合词三大类 ,而且把音译词再分为三个次类。笔者认为 ,与从前相比 ,现代汉语吸收外来词的新特点是 :字母词增多 ,音译词增多以及外来词的语素化。最后 。

从语言接触看语言文化迁移——以汉语中的英语借词为对象

汉语中的英语借词来源于英语,却又进入汉语语言体系成为一种常规语言现象,这是汉英语言接触过程中产生的一种特殊的语言演变。以借词为例对语言接触进行研究,可以了解接触过程中一种语言会受何种影响以及语言文化变迁的具体表现。英语借词对汉语词汇的影响主要体现在语音、语素、构词等方面。这些语言变迁进一步反映了汉语文化面对英语强势文化时在价值观和思维方式等方面受到的冲击。

内蒙古汉语方言中的返借词

在内蒙古汉语方言中,存在着一些返借词。所谓返借词,是指某些词借出去以后,又从对方语言中借回来,这种词,就叫返借词。一般返借词在相互借用中,其书写形式、读音、意义或用法都会发生一些变化,如"博士"与"把式"、"百姓"与"板升"等。但有一些返借词,其意义和用法虽已与原词有很大不同,其书写形式与读音却没有发生变化,如"旗"、"盟"等。这种返借词,我们称之为"特殊返借词"。这些返借词的存在,在世界各民族语言的接触中是一种比较罕见的现象。它是民族语言和民族文化长期频繁接触与交融的结果。

英汉外来词对比研究

英汉两种语言在各自历史长河中由于民族间贸易往来、文化交流、移民杂居、战争征服等因素影响都存在着外来词。这两种语言在外来词数量、词性、借用范围以及对外来词的吸收同化功能等方面存在着明显差异。造成这一差异的原因主要是两种传统文化心理。

英汉外来语吸收机制和动因对比研究

英语和汉语中的外来语在数量、来源、引进方式和同化机制上存在诸多差异。英语以语形为契合点引进借词,而汉语以语音为契合点引进写音外来语;英语对外来语的同化主要是调整其音义关系,汉语对外来语的同化主要是调整其形义关系。英汉外来语吸引机制背后的动因则有共同之处:两者都符合语言的"经济原则",对外来语的同化都是语言核心机制作用的结果,而且核心机制的任意性/理据性和外来语使用频率同为同化作用的决定因素。