函数系数自回归模型推广形式的Back-Fitting估计

文章针对时间序列中函数系数自回归模型给出其推广形式,借助向后拟合的思想介绍推广形式中函数系数部分和参数部分的估计,该方法可以得到模型中的常值系数估计量的精确表达式;并通过一个数值模拟表明所提出的估计方法具有可行性和稳定性。

A Robust Indoor Localization Algorithm Based on Polynomial Fitting and Gaussian Mixed Model

Wireless sensor network(WSN)positioning has a good effect on indoor positioning,so it has received extensive attention in the field of positioning.Non-line-of sight(NLOS)is a primary challenge in indoor complex environment.In this paper,a robust localization algorithm based on Gaussian mixture model and fitting polynomial is proposed to solve the problem of NLOS error.Firstly,fitting polynomials are used to predict the measured values.The residuals of predicted and measured values are clustered by Gaussian mixture model(GMM).The LOS probability and NLOS probability are calculated according to the clustering centers.The measured values are filtered by Kalman filter(KF),variable parameter unscented Kalman filter(VPUKF)and variable parameter particle filter(VPPF)in turn.The distance value processed by KF and VPUKF and the distance value processed by KF,VPUKF and VPPF are combined according to probability.Finally,the maximum likelihood method is used to calculate the position coordinate estimation.Through simulation comparison,the proposed algorithm has better positioning accuracy than several comparison algorithms in this paper.And it shows strong robustness in strong NLOS environment.

A Residual Frequency Offset Estimation Method Based on Range Migration Fitting

Recently,researchers have proposed an emitter localization method based on passive synthetic aperture.However,the unknown residual frequency offset(RFO)between the transmit-ter and the receiver causes the received Doppler signal to shift,which affects the localization accu-racy.To solve this issue,this paper proposes a RFO estimation method based on range migration fitting.Due to the high frequency modulation slope of the linear frequency modulation(LFM)-mod-ulation radar signal,it is not affected by RFO in range compression.Therefore,the azimuth time can be estimated by fitting the peak value position of the pulse compression in range direction.Then,the matched filters are designed under different RFOs.When the zero-Doppler time obtained by the matched filters is consistent with the estimated azimuth time,the given RFO is the real RFO between the transceivers.The simulation results show that the estimation error of azimuth distance does not exceed 20 m when the received signal duration is not less than 3 s,the pulse repe-tition frequency(PRF)of the transmitter radar signal is not less than 1 kHz,the range detection is not larger than 1000 km,and the signal noise ratio(SNR)is not less than-5 dB.

半变系数模型的Back-Fitting估计

针对半变系数回归模型给出了一种后向拟合方法,该方法可得到模型中常值系数估计量的精确表达式;同时给出了实验设计方法和数值模拟结果,用于验证所提出的估计方法对估计常值系数具有满意的精度和稳定性.

Abnormal Secondary Growth and Histochemical Localization of Alkaloids in Root System of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.

ADAPTIVE MESHLESS METHOD BASED ON LOCAL FIT TECHNOLOGY

An h-adaptive meshless method is proposed in this paper. The error estimation is based on local fit technology, usually confined to Voronoi Cells. The error is achieved by comparison of the computational results with smoothed ones, which are projected with Taylor series. Voronoi Cells are introduced not only for integration of potential energy but also for guidance of refinement. New nodes are placed within those cells with high estimated error. At the end of the paper, two numerical examples with severe stress gradient are analyzed. Through adaptive analysis accurate results are obtained at critical subdomains, which validates the efficiency of the method.

A meshfree-based local Galerkin method with condensation of degree of freedom for elastic dynamic analysis

Condensation technique of degree of freedom is first proposed to improve the computational efficiency of meshfree method with Galerkin weak form for elastic dy- namic analysis. In the present method, scattered nodes with- out connectivity are divided into several subsets by cells with arbitrary shape. Local discrete equation is established over each cell by using moving Kriging interpolation, in which the nodes that located in the cell are used for approxima- tion. Then local discrete equations can be simplified by con- densation of degree of freedom, which transfers equations of inner nodes to equations of boundary nodes based on cells. The global dynamic system equations are obtained by as- sembling all local discrete equations and are solved by using the standard implicit Newmark＇s time integration scheme. In the scheme of present method, the calculation of each cell is carried out by meshfree method, and local search is imple- mented in interpolation. Numerical examples show that the present method has high computational efficiency and good accuracy in solving elastic dynamic problems.

Investigations of the electron paramagnetic resonance parameters and the tetragonal local structure for (VCl_6)^(4-) coordination complex in MCl:V^(2+) (M=Na,K,Rb) systems

By simulating the electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） and optical spectra on the basis of the 120 × 120 complete energy matrix, this paper determines the local lattice structure parameters R1 and R2 for MCl：V2＋ （M=Na, K, Rb） systems at 77K, 195 K and RT （room temperature 295 K or 302 K）, respectively. The theoretical results indicate that there exists a compressed distortion in MCl：V2＋ systems. Meanwhile, it finds that the structure parameters R1, R2 and ｜△R｜（ = R1 - R2） increase with the rising temperature. Subsequently, from the analysis it concludes that the relation of EPR parameter D vs. △R is approximately linear. Finally, the effects of orbital reduction factor k on the g factors for the three systems have been discussed.

Evaluating the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ypT0-1 rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy

BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy(ACTx)is recommended in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy(PCRT),but its efficacy in patients in the early post-surgical stage who have a favorable prognosis is controversial.AIM To evaluate the long-term survival benefit of ACTx in patients with ypT0–1 rectal cancer after PCRT and surgical resection.METHODS We identified rectal cancer patients who underwent PCRT followed by surgical resection at the Asan Medical Center from 2005 to 2014.Patients with ypT0–1 disease and those who received ACTx were included.The 5-year overall survival(OS)and 5-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)were analyzed according to the status of the ACTx.RESULTS Of 520 included patients,413 received ACTx(ACTx group)and 107 did not(no ACTx group).No significant difference was observed in 5-year RFS(ACTx group,87.9%vs no ACTx group,91.4%,P=0.457)and 5-year OS(ACTx group,90.5%vs no ACTx group,86.2%,P=0.304)between the groups.cT stage was associated with RFS and OS in multivariate analysis[hazard ratio(HR):2.57,95%confidence interval(CI):1.07–6.16,P=0.04 and HR:2.27,95%CI:1.09–4.74,P=0.03,respectively].Furthermore,ypN stage was associated with RFS and OS(HR:4.74,95%CI:2.39–9.42,P<0.00 and HR:4.33,95%CI:2.20–8.53,P<0.00,respectively),but only in the radical resection group.CONCLUSION Oncological outcomes of patients with ypT0–1 rectal cancer who received ACTx after PCRT showed no improvement,regardless of the radicality of resection.Further trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of ACTx in these group of patients.

基于SLM-RBF的配电网分布式光伏集群智能划分策略

分布式电源大规模分散接入给配电网的优化调度带来计算上的维数灾难,需要对分布式电源进行集群以降低调控难度,因此合理的集群划分十分重要.同时,配电网实时量测数据不全造成分布式电源进行实时集群划分难度大、时间效率低,因此提出一种智能局部移动(SLM)算法与径向基神经网络相结合的分布式电源集群智能划分策略.首先,选取有功和无功功率调节范围以及有功和无功功率-电压的灵敏度作为集群划分的指标,构造相似度矩阵并基于SLM形成分布式电源的集群划分方案库.然后,离线建立电压拟合模型,拟合可实时观测节点的功率与电压之间的关系;同时,离线建立电压-划分结果模型,在线通过电压得到实时划分结果,创新性地解决了潮流模型缺失时无法进行集群划分的问题,提高了集群划分的实时性.最后,在MATLAB平台通过仿真计算验证了算法的合理性和优越性.

有限群的Fitting子群对群结构的影响

通过讨论有限群的 Fitting子群的极小子群的 π-拟正规性 ,利用有限群的正规群列及多种有限群论的方法和技巧 ,得到了一个有限的可解群成为超可解的充分条件 .即 :设 G是一个有限可解群 ,H为G的正规子群 .若 Fitting(H)的每一极小子群和 H阶循环子群在 G中 π-拟正规 ,则 G是超可解群 .群 G的子群 H 称为 π-拟正规的 ,如果它与 G的每一 Sylow子群可交换 .此结果是

Logistic混沌映射与差分进化改进人工蜂群优化水下定位

水下节点定位时通常采用距离估算法,在节点之间利用点到点的距离来估计或基于角度估计来完成节点定位。然而,这种算法存在较大的定位误差。为了提升定位的精确度,引入了人工蜂群(ABC)优化算法,该算法通过将节点定位结果优化问题转化为对节点目标函数的优化问题,有效地提高了水下节点的定位精度。尽管如此,ABC算法在迭代过程中仍存在收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优的问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种通过Logistic混沌映射与差分进化改进的人工蜂群优化水下定位算法(improved artificial bee colony optimization underwater localization algorithm by Logistic chaos mapping and differential evolution,LDIABC)。首先,在算法种群初始化阶段,引入了Logistic混沌映射,利用该映射函数产生的混沌序列代替随机数生成器,从而使种群在初始化分布时蜜源位置更均匀,并从理论上证明了Logistic混沌序列的互异性,从而避免由于种群分布过于密集导致算法在迭代过程中陷入局部最优;其次,提出了适应度方差这一标准来验证在算法迭代过程中未陷入局部最优,进一步证明其有效性;然后,在引领蜂搜索阶段,基于差分进化的变异策略,提出了权重因子改进引领蜂邻域搜索方式,提高了引领蜂的全局搜索效率,加快了算法的收敛速度。仿真实验表明,LDIABC算法能够有效避免传统ABC算法收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最优的问题。相较于Tent-IABC算法、ELOABC算法、CODEGWO算法以及SAPSO算法,LDIABC算法在收敛速度和节点定位成功率上均有显著提升,并且优化定位精度分别提升了6.36%、13.33%、14.16%和16.88%。这些结果证明LDIABC算法能够有效提升水下节点定位精度,具有良好的优化效果。

有限群的π-闭-Sylow塔群群类

称群 G为 π-闭 - Sylow塔群 ,若群 G中存在正规 Hallπ-子群为 Sylow塔群 .研究了 π-闭 -Sylow塔群的性质 ,利用群类论理论证明了 :π-闭 - Sylow塔群的群类为子群闭且商群闭的 ;π-闭 -Sylow塔群的群类为直积闭且次直积闭的 ;π-闭 - Sylow塔群的群类为 N0 -闭的 .并由此推出 ,π-闭 -Sylow塔群类是一个饱和群系且为一个

一种求解高维约束优化问题的γ-PSO算法

PSO算法是一种随机搜索的群体智能算法,在求解高维约束优化问题,尤其是在约束条件较多时,PSO算法易陷入局部极值且收敛速度慢。针对上述问题,对PSO算法进行了改进,提出了γ-PSO算法,把PSO算法的随机数由(0,1)扩展到(-1,1),这样加大了粒子飞行速度和飞行方向的多样性,从而使PSO算法具有摆脱局部极值的能力。对γ-PSO算法进行了求解高维约束优化问题的实验,实验结果表明γ-PSO算法能收敛到全局最优值,收敛性能明显优于其他改进的PSO算法和其他优化算法。

基于局部中值拟合C-V模型的SAR图像分割算法

针对SAR图像特点,提出了一种基于局部中值拟合(LMF)C-V模型的新的SAR图像分割算法LMFCV-SIS.该算法核心是利用像素点及以其为中心的邻域内的像素点的局部中值拟合来构造能量函数,极小化该能量函数,得到轮廓的最终演化结果.一系列对比实验的结果表明,该算法充分利用了SAR图像的特征信息,对真实机载SAR图像进行分割具有分割边界定位准确、收敛速度较快等优势.

基于集中式FIT AP架构的图书馆无线局域网

文章介绍了无线局域网的概念和标准,阐述了图书馆对无线局域网的需求,详细讲解了基于集中式FIT AP架构的无线网络在图书馆的应用。从协议标准、组网模式、安全机制、管理软件等方面探讨了图书馆无线局域网的组建和管理。

一种新的轮廓-局部区域分割模型及对偶算法

基于区域的变分活动轮廓模型能够较好地处理图像模糊边界并且不易受初始轮廓线和噪声的影响。然而,传统区域模型通常以粗划分区域内的图像信息作为活动轮廓曲线演化的驱动力,分割精度有限,并且容易受到图像灰度不均匀性的影响。为此,提出了一种新的轮廓-局部区域分割模型。新模型通过提取活动轮廓曲线邻域内的局部统计信息作为推动曲线演化的区域项,并引入曲率拟合项来捕捉目标的拐点和细长结构。针对模型求解中正则项的非可微性使计算效率较低并具有数值不稳定性的问题,通过引入辅助变量将原最优化问题转化为若干个低复杂度子问题进行求解,提出了一种快速对偶算法。医学核磁共振图像分割实验表明,所提出的模型和算法的准确性和运行效率均有明显的提高。

基于圆形约束CV-LIF模型的原木端面图像分割

针对自然条件下原木端面图像的分割问题,结合原木端面图像的特点,改进传统CV(Chan and Vese)模型,对演化曲线内部使用梯度进行拟合,同时融入局部图像拟合LIF(Local Image Fitting)模型,加入圆形先验知识,提出了基于圆形约束的改进活动轮廓模型CV-LIF,将全局能量和局部能量结合到一起,共同约束轮廓线的演化。在对图像进行预分割的基础上,利用多水平集表示待分割区域,运用基于圆形约束的改进活动轮廓模型对每个水平集区域进行再分割,解决了复杂背景下多个原木端面分割不准确的问题。通过实验,分别对单个及多个原木端面图像进行分割,结果表明该方法可以较好地分割出图像中的原木端面,而且具有较好的抗噪性能,实现速度较快。

π-■群

本文引进π-局部定义群系π-■,推广了局部定义群系的概念,统一和推广了P-幂零群、p-超可解群和 p-可解群等概念.本文还引进π-Frattini 子群Φ,(G)和π-Fitting 子群 F_x(G)两个特征子群,得到了π-■群的如下刻划:若■可解,对π-可解群 G,下列命题等价:(1) G∈π-■;(2) G/Φ_x(G)∈π-■;(3) ■p∈π∩π(G),G 的每个 p-极大子群 M 有 M/M_G∈■;(4) ■p∈∩π(G),G 的每个p-极大子群补于 G 的■-主因子.

基于城市车道撒点策略的RT-RRT^*智能车局部路径规划

针对实时RRT^*算法(real-time RRT^*,RT-RRT^*)探索空间时随机性强、时效性不稳定以及不满足交通规则等问题,提出了一种基于城市车道撒点策略改进的RT-RRT^*算法(scatter points RT-RRT^*,SP-RT-RRT^*)。该算法采用规则的撒点采样思路,取代了原算法的随机位置采样,保证了算法在动态避障过程中探索城市道路空间时的高效、稳定、可靠。同时算法对采样点的连接进行了限制,保证了车辆运动时不会横向行驶、压线行驶。之后,算法针对代理车辆和障碍车辆之间不同的相对速度预留了相应的安全距离,从而在动态障碍物环境下生成安全、无碰的车辆行驶轨迹。将该算法与RT-RRT^*算法在仿真实验中进行比较,并在仿真中使用三次B样条曲线拟合法对两种算法规划结果进行拟合比较,结果显示该算法在搜索稳定性、实时性方面有较大提升,且在满足交通规则的层面上有较高优越性。