A realistic model for complex networks with local interaction, self-organization and order

In this paper, a new mechanism for the emergence of scale-free distribution is proposed. It is more realistic than the existing mechanism. Based on our mechanism, a model responsible for the scale-free distribution with an exponent in a range of 3-to-5 is given. Moreover, this model could also reproduce the exponential distribution that is discovered in some real networks. Finally, the analytical result of the model is given and the simulation shows the validity of our result,

FLOCKING OF A THERMODYNAMIC CUCKER-SMALE MODEL WITH LOCAL VELOCITY INTERACTIONS

In this paper, we study the flocking behavior of a thermodynamic Cucker–Smale model with local velocity interactions. Using the spectral gap of a connected stochastic matrix, together with an elaborate estimate on perturbations of a linearized system, we provide a sufficient framework in terms of initial data and model parameters to guarantee flocking. Moreover, it is shown that the system achieves a consensus at an exponential rate.

Analysis of Commuting Modal Shift in Consideration of Social Interaction of Consciousness for Environment

It is the matter for achievement of the low carbon transport system that the excessive use of private vehicles can be controlled appropriately.Not only improvement of service level of modes except private vehicle,but also consciousness for environmental problem of individual trip maker is important for eco-commuting promotion.On the other hand,consciousness for environment would be changed by influence of other person.Accordingly,it is aimed in the study that the structure of decision-making process for modal shift to the eco-commuting mode in the local city is described considering environmental consciousness and social interaction.For the purpose,the consciousness for the environment problem and the travel behavior of the commuter at the suburban area in the local city are investigated by the questionnaire survey.The covariance structure about the eco-consciousness is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire survey by structural equation modeling.As the result,it can be confirmed with the structural equation model that the individual environmental consciousness is strongly related with the intention of self-sacrifice and is influenced with the local interaction of the individual connections.On the other hand,the intention of modal shift for the commuting mode is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire survey.It can be found out that the environmental consciousness is not statistically significant for commuting mode choice with the present poor level of service of public transport.However,the intention of self-sacrifice for the prevention of the global warming is statistically confirmed as the factor of modal shift with the operation of eco-commuting bus service with the RP/SP integrated estimation method.As the result,the multi-agent simulation system with social interaction model for eco consciousness is developed to measure the effect of the eco-commuting promotion.For the purpose,the carbon dioxide emission is estimated based on traffic demand and road network condition in the traffic environment model.On the other hand,the relation between agents is defined based on the small world network.The proposed multi-agent simulation is applied to measure the effect of the eco-commuting promotion such as improvement of level of service on the public transport or education of eco-consciousness.The effect of the promotion plan can be observed with the proposed multi-agent system.Finally,it can be concluded that the proposed multi-agent simulation with social interaction for eco-consciousness is useful for planning of eco-commuting promotion.

Flocking of a Cucker–Smale Type Model with Compactly Supported Interaction Functions

How to analyze flocking behaviors of a multi-agent system with local interaction functions is a challenging problem in theory.Motsch and Tadmor in 2011 also stressed the significance to assume that the interaction function is rapidly decaying or cut-off at a finite distance(cf.Motsch and Tadmor in J.Stat.Phys.2011).In this paper,we study the flocking behavior of a Cucker–Smale type model with compactly supported interaction functions.Using properties of a connected stochastic matrix,together with an elaborate analysis on perturbations of a linearized system,we obtain a sufficient condition imposed only on model parameters and initial data to guarantee flocking.Moreover,it is shown that the system achieves flocking at an exponential rate.

Tuning interaction strength between CeO_(2) and iridium to promote CO oxidation over Ir/TiO_(2)

The interaction between support and noble metal plays a crucial role in heterogeneous catalysis design.However,how to tune metal support interactions to optimize the activity still needs further exploration.CeO_(2) was introduced to promote CO oxidation ove r Ir/TiO_(2) by adjusting the interaction strength between iridium(Ir)and CeO_(2).The strong interaction between Ir and CeO_(2) blocks CO adsorption and causes low CO oxidation activity.However,introducing CeO_(2) on Ir/TiO_(2) produces localized interaction between Ir and CeO_(2),which can tune the surface electronic state of Ir,so a"volcano curve"relationship between CO oxidation activity and electronic state is built.Limited amount of CeO_(2) on Ir/TiO_(2)(Ir/Ce_(0.2)Ti)leads to CO complete oxidization at 22℃,and a new pathway for CO oxidation was explored.The study demonstrates that the utilization of tuning interaction strength between active metal and support is a potential method to increase the catalytic activity.

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF COMPLEX TURBULENT FLOWS:PHYSICAL ASPECTS AND RESEARCH TRENDS

In the current paper, we have primarily addressed one powerful simulation tool developed during the last decades-Large Eddy Simulation (LES), which is most suitable for unsteady three-dimensional complex turbulent flows in industry and natural environment. The main point in LES is that the large-scale motion is resolved while the small-scale motion is modeled or, in geophysical terminology, parameterized. With a view to devising a subgrid-scale(SGS) model of high quality, we have highlighted analyzing physical aspects in scale interaction and-energy transfer such as dissipation, backscatter, local and non-local interaction, anisotropy and resolution requirement. They are the factors responsible for where the advantages and disadvantages in existing SGS models come from. A case study on LES of turbulence in vegetative canopy is presented to illustrate that LES model is more based on physical arguments. Then, varieties of challenging complex turbulent flows in both industry and geophysical fields in the near future-are presented. In conclusion; we may say with confidence that new century shall see the flourish in the research of turbulence with the aid of LES combined with other approaches.

Fast 3D EM scattering and radiation solvers based on MLFMA

As the fastest integral equation solver to date, the multilevel fast multipole algorithm （MLFMA） has been applied successfully to solve electromagnetic scattering and radiation from 3D electrically large objects. But for very large-scale problems, the storage and CPU time required in MLFMA are still expensive. Fast 3D electromagnetic scattering and radiation solvers are introduced based on MLFMA. A brief review of MLFMA is first given. Then, four fast methods including higher-order MLFMA （HO-MLFMA）, fast far field approximation combined with adaptive ray propagation MLFMA （FAFFA-ARP-MLFMA）, local MLFMA and parallel MLFMA are introduced. Some typical numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of these fast methods.

Energy Spectrum of Turbulent Velocity Pulsations at Arbitrary Values of Fluid Viscosity

The problem of calculating the energy spectrum of turbulent velocity pulsations in the case of homogeneous isotropic and stationary turbulence is considered. The domain of turbulent energy production is treated as “a black box” on which boundary the spectral energy flux is given. It is assumed that the spectrum is formatted due to intermodal interactions being local in the wave-number space that leads to a cascade mechanism of energy transfer along the wave-number spectrum and the possibility of using the renormalization-group method related to the Markovian features of the process under consideration. The obtained formula for energy spectrum is valid in a wide wave-number range and at arbitrary values of fluid viscosity. It is shown that in functional formulation of the statistical theory of turbulence, the procedure of separating local intermodal interactions, which govern energy transfer (straining effect), and filtering out nonlocal interactions, which have no influence on energy transfer (sweeping effect), is directly described without providing additional arguments or conjectures commonly used in the renormalization-group analysis of turbulent spectra.

Multitarget tracking control algorithm under local information selection interaction mechanism

This study focuses on the problem of multitarget tracking.To address the existing problems of current tracking algorithms,as manifested by the time consumption of subgroup separation and the uneven group size of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)for target tracking,a multitarget tracking control algorithm under local information selection interaction is proposed.First,on the basis of location,number,and perceived target information of neighboring UAVs,a temporary leader selection strategy is designed to realize the local follow-up movement of UAVs when the UAVs cannot fully perceive the target.Second,in combination with the basic rules of cluster movement and target information perception factors,distributed control equations are designed to achieve a rapid gathering of UAVs and consistent tracking of multiple targets.Lastly,the simulation experiments are conducted in two-and three-dimensional spaces.Under a certain number of UAVs,clustering speed of the proposed algorithm is less than 3 s,and the equal probability of the UAV subgroup size after group separation is over 78%.

Novel localized wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation

Based on a special transformation that we introduce,the N-soliton solution of the(2+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation is constructed.By applying the long wave limit and restricting certain conjugation conditions to the related solitons,some novel localized wave solutions are obtained,which contain higher-order breathers and lumps as well as their interactions.In particular,by choosing appropriate parameters involved in the N-solitons,two interaction solutions mixed by a bell-shaped soliton and one breather or by a bell-shaped soliton and one lump are constructed from the 3-soliton solution.Five solutions including two breathers,two lumps,and interaction solutions between one breather and two bell-shaped solitons,one breather and one lump,or one lump and two bell-shaped solitons are constructed from the4-soliton solution.Five interaction solutions mixed by one breather/lump and three bell-shaped solitons,two breathers/lumps and a bell-shaped soliton,as well as mixing with one lump,one breather and a bell-shaped soliton are constructed from the 5-soliton solution.To study the behaviors that the obtained interaction solutions may have,we present some illustrative numerical simulations,which demonstrate that the choice of the parameters has a great impacts on the types of the solutions and their propagation properties.The method proposed can be effectively used to construct localized interaction solutions of many nonlinear evolution equations.The results obtained may help related experts to understand and study the interaction phenomena of nonlinear localized waves during propagations.

CONVERGENCE OF A CLASS OF MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS IN PROBABILISTIC FRAMEWORK

Multi-agent systems arise from diverse fields in natural and artificial systems, and a basic problem is to understand how locally interacting agents lead to collective behaviors （e.g., synchronization） of the overall system. In this paper, we will consider a basic class of multi-agent systems that are described by a simplification of the well-known Vicsek model. This model looks simple, but the rigorous theoretical analysis is quite complicated, because there are strong nonlinear interactions among the agents in the model. In fact, most of the existing results on synchronization need to impose a certain connectivity condition on the global behaviors of the agents＇ trajectories （or on the closed-loop dynamic neighborhood graphs）, which are quite hard to verify in general. In this paper, by introducing a probabilistic framework to this problem, we will provide a complete and rigorous proof for the fact that the overall multi-agent system will synchronize with large probability as long as the number of agents is large enough. The proof is based on a detailed analysis of both the dynamical properties of the nonlinear system evolution and the asymptotic properties of the spectrum of random geometric graphs.

Efects of amine, amine salt and amide on the behaviour of carbon dioxide absorption into calcium hydroxide suspension to precipitate calcium carbonate

The amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） absorption and calcium ion （Ca^2＋） concentration besides the pH of aqueous solution were observed during the COz absorption to precipitate calcium carbonate （CaCO3） from calcium hydroxide （Ca（OH）2）. A reaction rate-limiting effect of an amount of CO2 absorption without any organic additives in the early stage of the precipitation was observed, which was attributed to an interruption effect of bicarbonate ion （HCO3） on the precipitation of CaCO3. The improvement for the reaction rate was achieved not only by amine additives but also by neutral additives such as ε-caprolactam or amine salt. When the hexamethylene diamine was dissolved in the solution, successive change of crystal forms of CaCO3 aragonite to calcite in aqueous suspensions, confirmed by Ca^2＋ concentration change and X-ray diffraction, was concluded that a local environment around the amine group in aqueous solution and an interaction of the diamine with precipitated CaCO3 particles were important factors for these reactions.