The complex variable meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method of solving two-dimensional potential problems

Based on the complex variable moving least-square（CVMLS） approximation and a local symmetric weak form,the complex variable meshless local Petrov-Galerkin（CVMLPG） method of solving two-dimensional potential problems is presented in this paper.In the present formulation,the trial function of a two-dimensional problem is formed with a one-dimensional basis function.The number of unknown coefficients in the trial function of the CVMLS approximation is less than that in the trial function of the moving least-square（MLS） approximation.The essential boundary conditions are imposed by the penalty method.The main advantage of this approach over the conventional meshless local Petrov-Galerkin（MLPG） method is its computational efficiency.Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the implementation and performance of the present CVMLPG method.

Optical Test of Local Hidden—Variable Model

An inequality is deduced from local realism and a supplementary assumption. This inequality defines an experiment that can be actually performed with the present technology to test local hidden-variable models, and it is violated by quantum mechanics with a factor 1.92, while it can be simplified into a form where just two measurements are required.

Local Linear Estimation by TSLS with Variable Bandwidth for Semi-parametric Simultaneous Equation Models in Econometrics

Econometric simultaneous equation models play an important role in making economic policies, analyzing economic structure and economic forecasting. This paper presents local linear estimators by TSLS with variable bandwidth for every structural equation in semi-parametric simultaneous equation models in econometrics. The properties under large sample size were studied by using the asymptotic theory when all variables were random. The results show that the estimators of the parameters have consistency and asymptotic normality, and their convergence rates are equal to n^-1/2. And the estimator of the nonparametric function has the consistency and asymptotic normality in interior points and its rate of convergence is equal to the optimal convergence rate of the nonparametric function estimation.

Innovation,financial permeation,and income inequality:From a dynamicperspective in China

Innovation is a driving force of wealth distribution.To explore its time-varying effect on income inequality,we propose a nonparametric model using the local linear dummy variable estimation(LLDVE)method.Based on province-level panel data from China spanning from 2006 to 2020,we find that innovation initially reduces income disparity until 2009,then exacerbates it from 2013 to 2016,and alleviates inequality again over 2018-2020.We further verify that financial permeation serves as a catalyst in the inequitable income distribution driven by innovation.However,this moderating effect reverses the relationship between green innovation and income inequality.This suggests that we should enhance the financial service towards all aspects of innovation beyond its support of green innovation.

Assessment and improvement of k-ω-γ model for separation-induced transition prediction

The purpose of this work is to improve the k-ω-γtransition model for separationinduced transition prediction.The fundamental cause of the excessively small separation bubble predicted by k-ω-γmodel is scrutinized from the perspective of model construction.On the basis,three rectifications are conducted to improve the k-ω-γmodel for separation-induced transition.Firstly,a damping function is established via comparing the molecular diffusion timescale with the rapid pressure-strain timescale.The damping function is applied to prevent the effective length scale from incorrect distribution near the leading edge of the separation bubble.Secondly,the pressure gradient parameterλζ,is proposed as an indicator for local susceptibility to the separation instability.Additionally,λζ,-based separation intermittencyγsep is constructed to accelerate the substantial growth of turbulent kinetic energy after flow separation.The improved model appropriate for both low-and high-speed flow has been calibrated against a variety of diverse and challenging experiments,including the subsonic T3L plate,Aerospatial A airfoil,transonic NLR-7301 airfoil and deformed hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator aeroshell.The improved model is strictly based on local variables and Galilean invariance.Besides,the proposed improvement for k-ω-γmodel can be fairly convenient to incorporate into other existing intermittency-based transition models.