Location Based Services Acceptance and Adoption Evaluation: An Investigation on Mobile Phone Users’ Response to Awareness and Utilization of LBS Technology in Nairobi Kenya

Location Based Navigation System (LBNS) is a specific Location Based Service (LBS) purely for navigational purpose. These systems resolve position of a user by using GNSS/GPS positioning technologies, to which supplementary information on goods and services are tagged. The navigation services have become popular and can be installed on mobile phones to provide route information, location of points of interest and user’s current location. LBS has continued to face challenges which include “communication” process towards user reference. Location Based Service System conveys suitable information through a mobile device for effective decision making and reaction within a given time span. This research was geared at understanding the state of LBS technology acceptance and adoption by users in Nairobi Kenya. To do this a quantitative study was carried out through a questionnaire, to investigate mobile phone users’ response on awareness and use of LBS technology. Testing the growth of this technology in this region compared to predictions in previous studies using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), it is evident that many users may be aware of GPS functionality in mobile phones but are certainly yet to fully embrace the technology as they rarely use it. This points to some underlying challenges towards this technology within this part of the World, thereby recommending for deliberate monitoring and evaluation of LBS technology for sustenance growth based on user satisfaction and acceptance for improved usability.

Privacy Preserving Scheme for Location-Based Services

Homomorphic encryption schemes make it possible to perform arithmetic operations, like additions and multiplications, over encrypted values. This capability provides enhanced protection for data and offers new research directions, including blind data processing. Using homomorphic encryption schemes, a Location-Based Service (LBS) can process encrypted inputs to retrieve encrypted location-related information. The retrieved encrypted data can only be decrypted by the user who requested the data. The technology still faces two main challenges: the encountered processing time and the upper limit imposed on the allowed number of operations. However, the protection of users’ privacy achieved through this technology makes it attractive for more research and enhancing. In this paper we use homomorphic encryption schemes to build a fully secure system that allows users to benefit from location-based services while preserving the confidentiality and integrity of their data. Our novel system consists of search circuits that allow an executor (i.e. LBS server) to receive encrypted inputs/requests and then perform a blind search to retrieve encrypted records that match the selection criterion. A querier can send the user’s position and the service type he/she is looking for, in encrypted form, to a server and then the server would respond to the request without any knowledge of the contents of the request and the retrieved records. We further propose a prototype that improves the practicality of our system.

Location Based Navigation Service Technology: Development of an Optimization Algorithm for Multivariate Contextual Cartographic Content in Location Based Navigation Service

User response or reaction to navigation applications is influenced by relevance in geographic information, in terms of cartographic context and content delivered within a definite time, providing a direct impact to outcome or consequence based on decision making and hence user reaction. Location Based Navigation Services (LBNS) have continuously advanced in cartographic visualization, making maps interpretation easy and ubiquitous to any user, as compared to pre-historic times when maps were a preserve of a few. Despite rapid growth in LBNS, there exist challenges that may be characterized as technical and non-technical challenges, among them being process of conveying geospatial information to user. LBNS system deliver appropriate information to a user through smartphone (mobile device) for effective decision making and response within a given time span. This research focuses on optimization of cartographic content for contextual information in LBNS to users, based on prevailing circumstances of various components that constitute it. The research looks into Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR), as a technical challenge centered on a non-technical issue of social being of user satisfaction, leading to decision making in LBNS, hence response and outcome. Though advanced technologically, current LBNS on information sourcing depends on user manual web pages navigation and maneuver, this can be painstaking and time consuming that it may cause unnecessary delay in information delivery, resulting to delayed information response time (DIRT). This in turn may lead to unappropriate decision making with erroneous reaction or response being taken, resulting in loss of opportunity, resources, time and even life. Optimization in LBNS is achieved by a mathematical relationship developed between user status, mobile device variables against cartographic content. The relationship is in turn applied in LBNS android application to fulfill optimization solution for user consumption.

Services and Applications Based on Mobile User’s Location Detection and Prediction

Many wireless applications are deployed and available to customers via their mobile phones. Variety of these applications and services are based on determination of the current or future location of mobile user. Location based services (LBS) are one of the vital applications which are subdivided into two main categories: economical category and public category. Economic applications include mobile marketing, entertainment and tracking applications. Whereas, emergency cases, safety, traffic management, Muslims’ applications and public information applications are sort of public applications. The first part of the paper presents a new proposed system with developed procedure to recreate public and economic applications with high positioning accuracy and good authentication of users’ data. The developed system is created to enhance both location based services and network allocation resources within mobile network platform using either normal or GPS supported mobile equipment. The second part of the paper introduces future location prediction of mobile user dependent applications. New algorithm is developed depending on utilizing both intra-cell Movement Pattern algorithm (ICMP) [1] and hybrid uplink time Difference of Arrival and Assisted GPS technique (UTDOA_AGPS) [2]. It has been noticed that ICMP algorithm outperforms other future location prediction algorithms with high precision and within suitable time (less than 220) msec. However, UTDOA_AGPS guarantees high precession of mobile user independent of the surrounding environment. The proposed technique is used to enhance reliability and efficiency of location based services using cellular network platform.

Design and implementation of user information sharing system using location-based services for social network services

Internet takes a role as a place for communication between people beyond a space simply for the acquisition of information.Recently,social network service(SNS)reflecting human’s basic desire for talking and communicating with others is focused on around the world.And location-based service(LBS)is a service that provides various life conveniences like improving productivity through location information,such as GPS and WiFi.This paper suggests an application combining LBS and SNS based on Android OS.By using smart phone which is personal mobile information equipment,it combines location information with user information and SNS so that the service can be developed.It also maximizes sharing and use of information via twit based on locations of friends.This proposed system is aims for users to show online identity more actively and more conveniently.

Factors influencing user adoption of location based service:From the expanded TAM perspective

Purpose:This study intends to examine the factors influencing user adoption of location based service(LBS).Design/methodology/approach:This paper develops the research model for user adoption of LBS with the technology acceptance model(TAM) as the theoretical foundation.Using a questionnaire and sampling method,empirical data was collected from 386 participants.Structured equation modeling was used to test the validity of the proposed model.Findings:The results show that I) perceived ease of use.perceived usefulness and perceived playfulness were direct determinants of behavioral intention,and perceived ease of use has the greatest impact of the three;2) emergency,ubiquity,technology maturity and social trust all have positive and significant impacts on perceived ease of use;3) emergency and social trust significantly influence perceived usefulness positively:4) individualization and social impact significantly affect perceived playfulness positively.Research limitations:Subjects were from China’s mainland,which limits the generalizability of the research findings.The interaction effects of age,gender and user experience were not included.Practical implications:This study offers LBS operators,marketers and application developers insights into the way to attract more users by increasing perceived usefulness,ease of use and playfulness of LBS.Originality/value:Location based service is still a relatively new concept and there were few theoretical and empirical studies that examine user adoption of the serv ice.This study contributes to existing LBS adoption studies by modifying and extending TAM and meanwhile the empirical study will help the research community gain a deeper understanding of the factors affecting user adoption of LBS.

基于LBS的旅游路线推荐系统设计

为满足日益增长的高品质、多样化、个性化旅游需求,采用基于位置的服务(Location Based Services,LBS),结合用户行为分析和智能算法处理,设计旅游路线推荐系统。该系统由个性化路线推荐模块、消息推送模块、用户管理模块、人工智能模块等构成。系统性能测试结果表明,该推荐系统能显著提高旅游规划效率和用户满意度,可为旅游行业智慧化服务模式发展提供技术支持。

A Generalized Location Privacy Protection Scheme in Location Based Services

When the user getting location based services by the traditional technology,his location information of region is always be exposed.However,in modern mobile networks,even the current geographical region is a part of privacy information.To solve this problem,a new generalized k-anonymity location privacy protection scheme in location based services(LPPS-GKA)with the third trust servicer is proposed.And it can guarantee the users get good location-based services(LBS)without leaking the information of the geo-location region,which has protected the perfect privacy.Analysis shows that LPPS-GKA is more secure in protecting location privacy,including region information,and is more efficient than other similar schemes in computational and communicational aspects.It is suitable for dynamic environment for different user’s various privacy protection requests.

基于WebServices的LBS系统设计与实现

文章在对位置服务进行介绍的基础上 ,提出了一种基于WebServices架构的位置服务解决方案 ,并对其中的关键技术进行了探讨 ;采用J2ME和J2EE技术进行了详细的系统结构设计 ,并实现了一个原型的LBS系统。

P2P &LBS Technology-Based Mobile Police System Design

With the coverage by the mobile network and the popularization of mobile phone communication software, the traditional voice communication, short message service and even the interconnection service have gradually been replaced by mobile terminal equipment. Confronted with the ever-increasingly serous information explosion, police authorities meet with new challenges in their daily police work. This paper establishes a mobile police application system integrating office work, early warning, publicity and surveillance through careful study of the Peer to Peer and Location Based technology, striving to transform the traditional idea, break the traditional mode, expand the tradition scope so as to better exercise the social supervision function, publicize precaution information and crack down on crime.

Location correction technique based on mobile communication base station for earthquake population heat map

China has mobile phone penetration rate of over 96.2%.Mobile phone has become the largest Internet terminal for Chinese Internet users.Population geographic distribution in earthquake zones can be got based on mobile phone positioning and map matching.For reducing earthquake black-box stage,we propose a real-time collection,correction and schedule algorithm of population position data by four stream processing environments(Redis,Hbase,Kafka,and Spark Streaming)in this paper.For labeling precisely population geographic distribution on the network map,matching of population geographic coordinates and map coordinates are optimized by sample comparison based on location data of mobile communication base stations and prefecture level cities.The test result shows the proposed system is high efficient and can rapidly respond to any emerging parallel tasks during the earthquake.A high-precision heat map of affected population can be produced and published on-line within 2 min after the devastating earthquake happened.

A Service Discovery Approach Based on a Quantitative Similarity Measure for M-Tourism Platforms

This paper presents a localization architecture for an m-tourism services delivery platform. The aim of the system is to deliver services for nomads (e-tourists) according to their localization and according to the results given by the search engine. This engine is based on a quantitative similarity measure. The discovered services are presented via a Web Map Service. Moreover, the platform integrates an adaptation sub-system for heterogeneous environments and an e-negotiation module.

车联网POI查询中的位置隐私和查询隐私联合保护机制

在车联网中,基于位置的服务(LBS)的兴趣点(POI)查询被广泛用于车载应用中。但是,由于攻击者容易获取车辆位置、查询内容以及其它额外信息,单独对位置隐私或查询隐私进行保护很难保障车载用户的隐私安全,使得对位置隐私和查询隐私开展联合保护越发关键。为此,该文提出一种基于虚拟序列的位置隐私和查询隐私联合保护机制。首先根据POI查询的限制,分析位置隐私和查询隐私的相关性,运用欧几里得距离和关联规则算法对其建模描述,得到相关性判断模型;然后基于虚拟序列,根据影响隐私保护的因素和真实查询的相关性值,将联合保护转化为虚拟序列的选择问题,建立联合保护优化模型,得到匿名程度高且匿名区域大的匿名查询集,防止攻击者识别出真实查询。最后,实验结果表明,与现有方案相比,所提联合保护机制能抵御针对位置隐私和查询隐私的联合攻击(语义范围攻击、时间关联攻击和长期观察攻击),能更有效地保护用户的LBS隐私。

Distributed location-based query processing on large volumes of moving items

Recently, new techniques to efficiently manage current and past location information of moving objects have received significant interests in the area of moving object databases and location based service systems. In this paper, we exploit query processing schemes for location management systems, which consist of multiple data processing nodes to handle massive volume of moving objects such as cellular phone users. To show the usefulness of the proposed schemes, some experimental results showing performance factors regarding distributed query processing are explained. In our experiments, we use two kinds of data set: one is generated by the extended GSTD simulator and another is generated by the real time data generator which generates location sensing reports of various types of users having different movement patterns.

人工智能赋能城市滨水空间秋季景观特征识别与活力提升——以上海市黄浦江为例

上海市积极深化“一江一河”建设,打造具有全球影响力的世界级滨水空间,以绿化品质提升的“四化”建设为引领,促进季节性景观营造,从而激发滨水空间活力。针对城市滨水空间尺度大、范围广、数据多的特征,以人工智能赋能下滨水秋季景观特征的全覆盖、多时相、数字化识别为核心,以上海市黄浦江滨水空间中心城区段为例,训练滨水空间秋季景观特征识别的深度学习算法构建语义分割模型,实现对实证案例大批量样本数据的秋季景观特征智能化识别与测度;通过基于位置的服务(location-basedservices,LBS)大数据分析手段,量化揭示上海市黄浦江滨水空间中心城区段活力时空分布特征。探索影响城市滨水空间活力的秋季景观特征的关键因素,为城市滨水空间秋季景观的营造与活力激发提供理论依据与技术支撑。

基于时空关联的车联网假位置筛选算法

目前,车联网位置隐私保护方法没有充分考虑到不同的时间段内假位置查询概率的变化,同时忽视了对于连续时间背景下同一位置单元每天的用户访问量变化趋势有较大差异的问题。针对上述缺陷,提出空间敏感度度量标准,在选择假位置时综合考虑位置语义相似度提出语义-空间敏感度期望的筛选指标,生成满足分时间段查询概率、匿名区域面积要求的假位置集合。实验结果证明了新算法的可行性及有效性,能够适应当下的车联网位置隐私保护需求。

基于策略图的三维位置隐私发布算法研究

随着移动智能终端的普及,基于位置服务(Location-Based Services,LBS)的应用迎来了爆发式增长,高层室内建筑是位置服务的重要应用场景之一。然而现有的位置隐私保护算法大多适用于二维位置数据,面向大型室内三维场景的位置隐私保护研究尚且不足,并且缺乏可个性化定制的三维隐私策略。针对该问题,文章提出了一种基于策略图的三维位置隐私发布算法。首先,设计一种基于可定制策略图的位置隐私保护框架,可根据具体场景需求动态定制适合的隐私策略;其次,设计两种面向三维的差分隐私变体机制,结合定制策略图,实现三维场景下的位置隐私保护;最后,在三维数据集上进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,与其他三维位置隐私保护算法相比,文章所提算法具有更好的稳定性和效用性。

车联网中基于位置语义的差分隐私保护方法

车联网中车辆获取基于位置服务时需要提供真实的位置信息,导致用户的轨迹隐私存在泄漏风险.针对车联网轨迹隐私保护中未考虑位置语义信息及生成的虚假轨迹可用性低问题,提出一种基于位置语义的差分隐私轨迹保护方法.首先,根据语义流行度和信息熵计算出真实位置对隐私预算的敏感程度,并设计实时隐私等级计算算法,同时搭建差分隐私模型实时分配隐私预算.然后划分语义Voronoi地图,对具有相同语义的虚假位置使用K-means算法进行聚类,并使用Hausdorff距离衡量轨迹相似度,以提升轨迹的可用性.在真实数据集上的仿真实验表明,所提方法与其他差分隐私保护方法相比轨迹可用性有明显的提升.

LBS中连续查询攻击算法及匿名性度量

k-匿名机制是LBS(location based service)中保证查询隐私性的重要手段.已有文献指出,现有的k-匿名机制不能有效保护连续性查询的隐私性.提出一种连续查询发送模型,该模型融合了查询发送时间的间隔模型和连续性模型,针对此模型下的两种k-匿名算法Clique Cloaking和Non-clique Cloaking,分别提出了一种连续查询攻击算法.在此攻击算法下,匿名集的势不再适合作为查询匿名性的度量,因此提出一种基于熵理论的度量方式AD(anonymityd egree).实验结果表明,对连续性很强的查询,攻击算法重识别用户身份的成功率极高;AD比匿名集的势更能反映查询的匿名性.

路网环境下保护LBS位置隐私的连续KNN查询方法

位置隐私保护与基于位置的服务(location based service,LBS)的查询服务质量是一对矛盾,在连续查询(continuous query)和实际路网环境下,位置隐私保护问题需考虑更多限制因素.如何在路网连续查询过程中有效保护用户位置隐私的同时获取精确的兴趣点(place of interest,POI)查询结果是目前的研究热点.利用假位置的思想,提出了路网环境下以交叉路口作为锚点的连续查询算法,在保护位置隐私的同时获取精确的K邻近查询(K nearest neighbor,KNN)结果;基于注入假查询和构造查询匿名组的方法,提出了抗查询内容关联攻击和抗运动模式推断攻击的轨迹隐私保护方法,并在分析中给出了位置隐私保护和查询服务质量平衡方法的讨论.性能分析及实验表明,该方法能够在连续查询中提供较强的位置隐私保护,并具有良好的实效性和均衡的数据通信量.