Long-term effects of early antibiotic intervention on blood parameters,apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary protein levels

Backgroud： This study aimed to determine the effects of early antibiotic intervention（EAI） on subsequent blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary crude protein（CP） levels. Eighteen litters of piglets（total 212） were randomly allocated to 2 groups and were fed a creep feed diet with or without in-feed antibiotics（olaquindox, oxytetracycline calcium and kitasamycin） from postnatal d 7 to d 42. On d 42, the piglets within the control or antibiotic group were mixed, respectively, and then further randomly assigned to a normal-（20%, 18%, and 14% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively） or a low-CP diet（16%, 14%, and 10% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively）, generating 4 groups. On d 77（short-term） and d 185（long-term）, serum and fecal samples were obtained for blood parameters, microbial composition and microbial metabolism analysis.Results： EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） albumin and glucose concentrations in low-CP diet on d 77, and increased（P 〈 0.05） urea concentration in normal-CP diet. On d 185, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） globulin concentration in normal-CP diets, but decreased glucose concentration. For nutrient digestibility, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05）digestibility of CP on d 77. For fecal microbiota, the EAI as well as low-CP diet decreased（P 〈 0.05） E. coli count on d 77. For fecal metabolites, on d 77, EAI decreased（P 〈 0.05） total amines concentration but increased skatole concentration in low-CP diet. On d 185, the EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） putrescine and total amines concentrations in low-CP diets but reduced（P 〈 0.05） in the normal-CP diets. The low-CP diet decreased the concentrations of these compounds.Conclusions： Collectively, these results indicate that EAI has short-term effects on the blood parameters and fecal microbial fermentation profile. The effects of EAI varied between CP levels, which was characterized by the significant alteration of glucose and putrescine concentration.

LONG-TERM EFFECT OF HOMOHARRINGTONINE ON CHRONIC GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

Objective: To observe the long-term effect of homoharringtonine (HHT) on chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and its pharmacological mechanism. Methods: 76 patients with newly diagnosed early chronic phase CGL received treatment of merely 1.5 mg/m2 daily HHT for induction remission and long-term maintenance treatment. The apoptosis rate of bone marrow CD34+ cells induced by HHT was assayed with flow cytometer. Results: 86.8% patients achieved CHR, 13.2% patients PHR and 31.8% patients got cytogenetic response in HHT treatment group, which was longer than 31 (8-54) months in hydroxyurea (HU) group (P<0.05). The effect of apoptosis induction HHT was stronger on CGL-CP patients bone marrow CD34+ cells than on normal person bone marrow CD34+ cells. Conclusion: HHT is a very effective drug for remission induction and long-term maintenance treatment in early chronic phase CGL patients.

A LONG TERM EFFECT EVALUATION OF TOTAL HIP PROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT

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MANUAL ACUPUNCTURE PRODUCES LONG TERM INHIBITION OF THE NOCICEPTIVE TRANSMISSION TO WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE NEURONS IN THE SPINAL CORD OF THE RAT

singe unit discharge recordings were made from 42 WDR neurons in spinal dorsal horn in the rat. These neurons could he driven by electrical stimull activiting innocuous and noxious afferent fibres in the ipsilateral plantar nerve. Traditional manual acupuncture delivered at the local acupoints Zusanli, Chengshan, Kunlun and Yongquan induced a strong inhibition or the C-fiber response. in 19 of 42 neurons obtained but did not after the A-fibre response of the neurons. The inhibition of the fibre response outlasted the period of acupuncture for more than 30 min. Neither Anor C-fibre responses in the remaining 23 neurous could be affected by manual acupuncture. These results suggest that the acupuncture stimulation specifically influences nociceptive nociceptive transmission,maybe through a presynaptic action,Furthermore, the fact that the inhibitory effect outlasts the stimulation by more than 30 min indicates that either a neuromodulatory ,presumably peptidergic action is at hand or that a temporary synaptic modification occurs in the spinal dorsal horn.

Evolution of interfacial dislocation networks during long term thermal aging in Ni-based single crystal superalloy DD5

Interfacial dislocations found in single crystal superalloys after long term thermal aging have an important effect on mechanical properties. Long term thermal aging tests for DD5 single crystal superalloy were carried out at 1,100 ℃ for 20, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 h, and then cooled by air. The effect of long term thermal aging on the dislocation networks at the γ/γ' interfaces was investigated by FE-SEM. Results showed that during the long term thermal aging at 1,100 ℃, misfit dislocations formed firstly and then reorientation in the(001) interfacial planes occurred. Different types of square or rectangular dislocation network form by dislocation reaction. Square dislocation networks consisting of four groups of dislocations can transform into octagonal dislocation networks, and then form another square dislocation network by dislocation reaction. Rectangular dislocation networks can also transform into hexagonal dislocation networks. The interfacial dislocation networks promote the γ' phase rafting process. The dislocation networks spacings become smaller and smaller, leading to the effective lattice misfit increasing from-0.10% to-0.32%.

Long-term efficacy of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin chemotherapy on stage Ⅲ colon cancer: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Many clinical studies for the long-term survival or efficacy of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin(XELOX)in colon cancer have already been studied,but its clinical benefit is controversial.AIM To evaluate the long-term efficacy of XELOX regimen in comparison with other adjuvant chemotherapy protocols in colon cancer.METHODS By searching the PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane databases,a total of 12 randomized controlled trials involving 6698 stageⅢcolon cancer cases(XELOX protocol:n=3298 cases;other adjuvant chemotherapy protocol:n=3268 cases)were included.The parameter outcomes included the overall survival and the disease-free survival.The quality control of selected literature was based on the Jadad scale and the GRADE system.RESULTS In comparison to other adjuvant chemotherapy regimen,XELOX regimen showed a better overall survival(odds ratio=1.29,95% confidence interval:1.15-1.44,P<0.0001)and a better disease-free survival(odds ratio=1.32,95%confidence interval:1.18-1.46,P<0.0001)for colon cancer patients,suggesting the XELOX regimen can be a good option for postoperative treatment of stage III colon cancer.CONCLUSION The XELOX regimen can be a preferred option for adjuvant treatment of stageⅢcolon cancer after surgery.

Assessment of Long-Term Compost Application on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties, as Well as Fertility, of Soil in a Field Subjected to Double Cropping

The aim of this article was to assess the influence of long-term application of compost on the physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as the fertility, of soil in a field subjected to double cropping (paddy rice and barley), mainly by integrating previous studies of the effects of compost and manure on soil qualities. Continuous compost application, especially at a high level (30 Mg·ha-1·y-1), into the double cropping soils increased the activities of organic C-, N-, and P-decomposing enzymes and the contents of organic C, total N, and microbial biomass N, as well as the cation exchange capacity, thereby contributing to the enhancement of soil fertility. Also, the compost application increased the degree of water-stable soil macroaggregation (>0.25 mm), which was correlated significantly (r > 0.950, p < 0.05) with the contents of hydrolyzable carbohydrates (with negative charge) and active Al (with positive charge), and resulted in the modification of soil physical properties. Furthermore, the application increased the amount of soil organic matter, including humic acid with a low degree of darkening and fulvic acid, and contributed to C sequestration and storage. Physical fractionation of soil indicated that about 60% of soil organic C was distributed in the silt-sized (2 - 20 μm) aggregate and clay-sized (<2 μm) aggregate fractions, while about 30% existed in the decayed plant fractions (53 - 2000 μm). The results obtained unambiguously indicate that long-term application of compost can improve soil qualities in the field subjected to double cropping, depending on the amount applied.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma Associated with Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Rare Complication of Long-Term Corticosteroid Therapy

Corticosteroid therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases in medicine. The most concerned diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases. Its use may be either short-term or long-term, thus generating several side effects, some of which are conventional and known, but others are rare, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma. We report here a particular clinical observation. Observation: This is a patient of 37 years, who consults in Internal Medicine for the treatment of mucocutaneous lesions, papular nodular, hyper pigmented, budding and disseminated appeared after six months of corticosteroid therapy. This treatment was introduced for the treatment of acoustic neurinoma. The patient is not diabetic or alcoholic and has a negative HIV status. The diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma was made by histology of biopsied skin lesions which concluded for a regular proliferation without atypia spindle cell or mitosis. The lesions persisted over a month despite discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy. Treatment with Bleomycin was necessary. The outcome was favorable under treatment with progressive and complete disappearance of lesions after 15 treatments. Conclusion: The classical side effects of long-term corticosteroid are known, but Kaposi sarcoma complicating long-term corticosteroid is rare in the literature. It is vital that any long-term corticosteroid should be the subject of careful and regular monitoring.

Long-term acupuncture treatment has a multitargeting regulation on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease：a positron emission tomography study

The acute effect of acupuncture on Alzheimer＇s disease,i.e.,on brain activation during treatment,has been reported.However,the effect of long-term acupuncture on brain activation in Alzheimer＇s disease is unclear.Therefore,in this study,we performed long-term needling at Zusanli（ST36）or a sham point（1.5 mm lateral to ST36）in a rat Alzheimer＇s disease model,for 30 minutes,once per day,for 30 days.The rats underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning.Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM2.The brain areas activated after needling at ST36 included the left hippocampus,the left orbital cortex,the left infralimbic cortex,the left olfactory cortex,the left cerebellum and the left pons.In the sham-point group,the activated regions were similar to those in the ST36 group.However,the ST36 group showed greater activation in the cerebellum and pons than the sham-point group.These findings suggest that long-term acupuncture treatment has targeted regulatory effects on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease.

Thermomechanical analysis of long-term global modal and local deformation measurements of the Kishwaukee Bridge using the bootstrap

In this paper we present a comparative analysis of global frequency and local deformation data for a large concrete bridge. The asymptotic probability distributions of the central statistics are presented, and compared with empirical bootstrap estimates. Bootstrapped distributions are calculated from reference data obtained during 1999–2000 and used to develop change-point alarm criteria for the structure, using reasonable sensitivity measures developed from FEM simulations and structural analysis. The implications of the frequency data are discussed in conjunction with the strain and displacement measurements in order to discern if the load carrying capacity of the bridge has been affected. The critical need for more advanced temperature compensation models for large structures continually in thermal disequilibrium is discussed.

尼妥珠单抗联合放化疗治疗局部晚期头颈部恶性肿瘤的临床效果

目的分析局部晚期头颈部恶性肿瘤实施尼妥珠单抗+放化疗治疗的价值。方法选取滕州市中心人民医院于2021年11月—2022年11月收治的72例局部晚期头颈部恶性肿瘤患者为研究对象,依掷骰子分为基础组和综合组,每组36例,基础组行放化疗,综合组加用尼妥珠单抗,对比两组的近远期疗效和不良反应。结果综合组的临床缓解率(58.33%),和临床控制率(88.89%)均高于基础组(30.56%、66.67%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.625、5.143,P=0.018、0.023)。随访1年后综合组生存率(80.56%)高于基础组(58.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组各项不良反应反应率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论放化疗时辅以尼妥珠单抗治疗不会增加不良反应,且能维持高缓解率和控制率,提升远期生存率,适用于局部晚期头颈部恶性肿瘤患者。

小数字大作用——经济和环境反馈干预对群体节能行为作用效果的现场对照实验

私人消费领域中的个体或家庭节能行为已日益受到重视,然而对于群体消费情境下的用能者而言,如何促进其主动节能还缺乏关注。为了评估信息反馈策略激励群体用户节电行为的有效性,本研究开展了一项为期18周的现场对照实验。根据节能动机的差异,实验分为3个实验组(经济型反馈组、抽象环境型反馈组、具体环境型反馈组),并设置一个无干预对照组,以评估三种干预策略促进节电行为的有效性。实验以电力系统记录的居住者的真实用电量数据为依据,运用倾向得分匹配-双重差分法,分析三种干预策略的节电效果。结果显示:经济型反馈组和具体环境型反馈组可以显著促进群体用能者主动节电。其中,经济型反馈组的节电效果最好(14.4%),其次是具体环境型反馈组(6.2%),而抽象环境型反馈组与对照组无显著差异。干预策略的长期效应检验进一步发现,随着干预停止,经济型反馈组和具体环境型反馈组的节能效果仍然存在。干预停止后,具体环境型反馈组的节电效果更好,证明了具体环境型反馈策略的长期有效性。此外,本研究还发现:群体特征异质性也会影响不同干预策略的节电效果。这些结论为如何在群体消费情境下利用反馈干预措施节约能源提供了依据和可行的建议。

预氧化联合激活剂促进微生物长效降解土壤中烷烃的研究

微生物降解是一种修复石油污染土壤中烷烃的技术,但该技术易受环境条件影响,修复效率较低。为找到一种使土壤微生物能够长期有效降解烷烃的方法,进行了预氧化联合微生物激活剂降解土壤中烷烃的研究,其中利用芬顿反应进行预氧化,微生物激活剂由葡萄糖和乙酸共同组成。通过激活组(预氧化结合激活剂)、非激活组Ⅰ(仅添加激活剂,不进行预氧化)、非激活组Ⅱ(仅进行预氧化,不添加激活剂)和空白组4种不同处理方法,探究石油污染土壤微生物的数量、呼吸活性、种群变化对烷烃降解效果的影响。结果表明:激活组中烷烃半衰期只需64 d,比非激活组Ⅱ缩短了333 d,其烷烃降解率长期维持较高值,其中0~20 d、20~40 d和40~60 d的降解率分别为14.23%、17.93%和15.73%,且每20 d的烷烃降解量均维持在1500 mg/kg以上。然而其他3组的烷烃降解率随着时间推移而显著降低,40~60 d时烷烃降解率最高仅有5.50%。预氧化后土壤中类腐殖酸和类富里酸的荧光标准积分体积分别是土壤氧化前的2.80倍和3.82倍,预氧化促进了土壤微生物的快速增长。在添加乙酸和葡萄糖后土壤微生物被激活,激活剂的利用率分别达到88.06%和91.38%,其土壤微生物呼吸活性(以每kg土壤中微生物产生CO_(2)的物质的量计,下同)维持在5.00 mol/kg以上,而非激活组的土壤微生物呼吸活性在40~60 d时最高只达到2.12 mol/kg。此外,激活组的石油降解菌数量(以每g土壤中含有的石油降解菌数量计)在后期超过了9.00 lg(CFU/g),形成了芽孢杆菌属、不动杆菌属、微杆菌属、链霉菌属和水杆菌属5种优势菌属,而非激活组最多只形成了3种优势菌属。研究显示,微生物长效降解土壤中的烷烃主要由其呼吸活性、石油降解菌数量、优势菌属数和营养利用率驱动。研究结果为解决土壤石油污染问题提供了一种经济有效的方法。

家庭住房负担对流动人口生育行为的影响——基于个体和流入地多层线性模型的检验

能否揭示住房负担对流动人口生育行为的影响机制是促进住房市场和人口和谐发展、提振生育的关键所在。在构建住房负担与流动人口生育行为关系模型基础上,采用能将流动人口微观个体和流入地宏观特征相联结的多层嵌套模型,检验住房负担对流动人口生育行为的影响及长期居住意愿在其中的重要作用。在此基础上,分别按结婚时间、第一胎性别将样本分组,剖析二者关系的异质规律。研究发现:住房负担加重是流动人口生育低迷的重要原因,且流入地的人均GDP会强化其对流动人口生育的抑制作用;长期居住意愿在住房负担对流动人口生育行为的影响中起到了部分中介作用,住房负担加重造成流动人口社会融入感和长期居住意愿下降,进一步加剧生育抑制效应;住房负担对流动人口生育行为的影响会随流动人口结婚时间长短、第一胎性别的不同而呈现异质性特征。

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定对腰椎椎管狭窄伴骨质疏松患者椎间融合率的影响及其远期效果分析

目的探讨骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定对腰椎椎管狭窄伴骨质疏松患者椎间融合率的影响及其远期效果。方法选取本院2019年7—12月收治的52例腰椎椎管狭窄合并骨质疏松患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组26例,对两组患者施行椎板减压、椎间盘摘除、椎间植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定术治疗。实验组采用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉固定,对照组采用普通椎弓根钉固定。记录患者疗效相关评分,术后半年进行腰椎X光检查了解椎间融合情况。结果两组患者在术前及术后2周的VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI评分差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术后3个月时起至术后2年的VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI评分对比具有明显差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后半年通过Bridwell标准判断两组患者的椎间融合率时也发现两者具有显著差异,实验组患者椎间融合率明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骨水泥强化椎弓根钉固定技术能有效提高椎体间植骨融合率,患者术后两年疗效令人满意,尽管目前对该技术的安全性仍有部分争议,但总的来说是利大于弊的,值得在临床上进一步推广。

基于购买漏斗模型的多渠道网络广告效应研究

从企业发起渠道(firm-initiated contacts,FICs)和客户发起渠道(customer-initiated contacts,CICs)两方面,探讨了不同网络广告的短期及长期效应。通过对网络广告短期效应和长期效应的综合测评,以期为企业营销合理分配广告预算提供实践指导。实证研究发现,从短期来看,FICs品牌型广告的即时效应最大,从长期来看,FICs广告有着最强的长期累积效应,特别是短信广告。FICs广告的效应持续时间比CICs广告的效应持续时间更长。CICs品牌型搜索广告在首页访问阶段产生了更高的效应,CICs通用型搜索广告在主页访问和详情页访问阶段的效应较为相近,而FICs广告能更有效地吸引客户转到特定的产品详情页面。

长期护理保险对中老年家庭储蓄率的影响:基于预期效应的视角

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011—2018年的4期面板数据,采用双重差分模型检验了长期护理保险对中老年家庭储蓄率的影响。研究发现,长期护理保险可以起到降低中老年家庭储蓄率、刺激中老年家庭消费的作用,此结论在一系列有效性检验和稳健性检验之下仍然成立。进一步研究发现,长期护理保险降低中老年家庭储蓄率的主要渠道是预期效应,而不是收入效应或支出效应。这意味着大多数中老年家庭在没有实际使用长期护理保险的情况下,就已经产生了足以减弱预防性储蓄动机的预期效应,说明推广长期护理保险是一种低成本的促消费政策。要更大程度上发挥长期护理保险的作用,需要进一步扩大长期护理保险的覆盖面,鼓励居民实际使用长期护理保险,以全方位发挥收入效应、支出效应和预期效应对中老年家庭消费的刺激作用。

经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗胸腰椎骨折近远期效果观察

目的:观察胸腰椎骨折患者接受经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗的近远期疗效。方法:选择2018年2月-2022年1月我院70例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组采用常规切开椎弓根内固定治疗,观察组采用经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗,对比2组各项手术指标、术后恢复情况及并发症发生率。结果:术后观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后引流量、术后负重时间、骨折愈合时间均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前2组患者的伤椎后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值、伤椎后缘高度比值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3个月及术后1年伤椎后凸Cobb角均降低,伤椎前缘高度比值、伤椎后缘高度均升高,观察组变化比对照组更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前2组患者ODI、Harris评分、VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后7dVAS评分降低,术后3个月及术后1年ODI评分降低,Harris评分升高,观察组变化比对照组更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为5.71%,低于对照组的25.71%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸腰椎骨折患者接受经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗,近期疗效和远期疗效均能得到有效保障,对于促进患者腰椎指标及功能改善、缓解疼痛程度及减少并发症发生率均具有显著效果。

损伤混凝土结构的长期变形与力学性能研究综述

混凝土结构在服役过程中会受到复杂的环境与荷载作用,这些复杂荷载作用会使结构产生损伤,不仅会引起结构的内力重分布,还会导致结构构件的抗力性能劣化,增大结构的长期变形,带来一系列结构安全问题。现有关于混凝土结构长期变形的研究,大多以徐变为主要考察对象,较少考虑其他环境及荷载作用,对耦合作用下不同损伤的混凝土结构的长期变形规律、力学性能退化研究尚不充分。为此,梳理了损伤混凝土结构长期变形的相关研究,分别对环境侵蚀作用、循环荷载作用与复杂荷载作用下,混凝土结构的长期变形与力学性能研究进行了分析与评价,最后提出需要完善的内容和发展趋势。

“被生产”与“自生产”:中国城市社区自组织有效性研究——基于双案例的比较

社区自组织建设是激发基层活力,提升社区治理效能的有效手段。研究领域对“被生产”与“自生产”两类社区自组织有效性看法不一。通过构建社区自组织有效性衡量维度,跳出单类型研究的局限,基于双案例比较研究回答:“被生产”与“自生产”两种不同建构路径的社区自组织的有效性存在何种差异?为何存在这种差异?研究发现两类社区自组织均有效,二者有效性差异表现为:“被生产”的社区自组织在“组织长效发展”维度表现更好;“自生产”的社区自组织在“社区治理功效”维度更具潜力。有效性差异的背后是两类社区自组织在政策环境、关键主体及行动策略(资源来源、角色定位、制度设计)上的不同表现。提升社区自组织有效性则需要寻求两种建构路径优势的深度融合,通过优化政策环境、重塑孵化方案、培育社区精英突破社区自组织有效性的不同困境。