Long-chain acyl-Co A synthetase(ACSL) family members include five different ACSL isoforms, each encoded by a separate gene and have multiple spliced variants. ACSLs on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer mem...Long-chain acyl-Co A synthetase(ACSL) family members include five different ACSL isoforms, each encoded by a separate gene and have multiple spliced variants. ACSLs on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrance catalyze fatty acids with chain lengths from 12 to 20 carbon atoms to form acyl-Co As, which are lipid metabolic intermediates and involved in fatty acid metabolism, membrane modifications and various physiological processes. Gain- or lossof-function studies have shown that the expression of individual ACSL isoforms can alter the distribution and amount of intracellular fatty acids. Changes in the types and amounts of fatty acids, in turn, can alter the expression of intracellular ACSLs. ACSL family members affect not only the proliferation of normal cells, but the proliferation of malignant tumor cells. They also regulate cell apoptosis through different signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. ACSL members have individual functions in fatty acid metabolism in different types of cells depending on substrate preferences, subcellular location and tissue specificity, thus contributing to liver diseases and metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver disease, obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes. They are also linked to neurological disorders and other diseases. However, the mechanisms are unclear. This review addresses new findings in the classification and properties of ACSLs and the fatty acid metabolismassociated effects of ACSLs in diseases.展开更多
Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting...Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting and the accumulation of the long chain fatty in the body. There are three types of CPT II deficiency, the myopathic form, the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form and the lethal neonatal form. They are all inherited as an autosomal recessive. Diagnosis of the CPTII are 1) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in adult form and 2) CPTII polymorphism (F352C), which is linked to reducing the activity of CPTII in infantile form [1]. Glucose is the primary management and medium-chain fatty acid is an alternative due to the bypass of the CPTII enzyme in the pathway. For the prevention of CPTII deficiency are to avoid long chain fatty acid (C12-fatty acid), fasting, prolonged exercise, known triggers, and certain medications such as anti-epileptics and general anesthesia. During the rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria attack, it is very important to maintain hydration to avoid acute renal failure. If, however, renal failure occurs, dialysis is recommended. We present a case of a 27-year-old African American woman with the significant past medical history of CPT II deficiency leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Together with all the research studies from diagnosis to treatment of CPTII deficiency will help in clinical management of patients. And this case report will add to the existing case reports of patients who have CPTII deficiency in terms of how we diagnose, how we treat, and how we prevent symptoms from re-occurring.展开更多
A series of novel coumarin glycoside esters（1-9） was synthesized through the acylation reaction of 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（11） with different long chain fatty acids catalyzed by lipase in organic mediu...A series of novel coumarin glycoside esters（1-9） was synthesized through the acylation reaction of 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（11） with different long chain fatty acids catalyzed by lipase in organic medium. The acylation occurred regioselectively at the 6＇-OH of glycosyl moiety. The enzymatic synthesis was optimized to achieve 54%-70% yield using immobilized lipase（Novozym 435, 10 mg/mL） as catalyst and acetone and pyri- dine（9：1, volume ratio, water content〈1%） as solvent with an acyl donor/coumarin glycoside molar ratio of 10：1 at a temperature of 40--50 ℃ for 96 h. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed.展开更多
长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain,ACSL)属于多基因家族编码的酶,位于内质网和线粒体外膜上的ACSL主要催化脂肪酸形成脂酰辅酶A(acyl-CoA),参与脂肪酸代谢、膜修饰等多种生理过程。ACSL家族在不同细胞的脂肪酸代谢...长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain,ACSL)属于多基因家族编码的酶,位于内质网和线粒体外膜上的ACSL主要催化脂肪酸形成脂酰辅酶A(acyl-CoA),参与脂肪酸代谢、膜修饰等多种生理过程。ACSL家族在不同细胞的脂肪酸代谢中发挥不同作用,其功能异常可导致如脂肪肝、动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病的发生。ACSL家族成员1(ACSL family member 1,ACSL1)作为ACSL家族在肝脏中的主要亚型,主要参与维持胆固醇稳定、脂肪酸活化以及胆汁酸代谢,同时与某些肝脏疾病如肝细胞癌、非酒精性脂肪肝的发生发展密切相关。本文综述了ACSL家族各成员的生理功能、作用特点,并阐释了ACSL1对脂质代谢、调节细胞铁死亡的影响以及在相关疾病如肝纤维化、肝细胞癌、恶病质、非酒精性脂肪肝、甲状腺癌以及乳腺癌发展中的作用机制的研究进展。展开更多
In the modifier concept of intestinal carcinogenesis, lipids have been established as important variables and one focus is given to long-chain fatty acids. Increased consumption of long-chain fatty acids is in discuss...In the modifier concept of intestinal carcinogenesis, lipids have been established as important variables and one focus is given to long-chain fatty acids. Increased consumption of long-chain fatty acids is in discussion to modify the development of colorectal carcinoma in humans. Saturated long-chain fatty acids, in particular, are assumed to promote carcinogenesis, whereas poly-unsaturated forms are likely to act in the opposite way. At present, the molecular mechanisms behind these effects are not well understood. Recently, it has been demonstrated by lipidomics and associated molecular techniques, that activation and metabolic channeling of long-chain fatty acids are important mechanisms to modify colorectal carcinogenesis. In this Editorial, an overview about the present concept of long-chain fatty acids and its derivatives in colorectal carcinogenesis as well as technical algorithms in lipid analysis is given.展开更多
超长链脂肪酸(very long chain fatty acids,VLCFAs)在生物体中具有广泛的生理功能,它们参与种子甘油酯、生物膜膜脂及鞘脂的合成,并为角质层蜡质的生物合成提供前体物质。角质层是覆盖在植物地上部分最表层的保护层,由角质和蜡质组成,...超长链脂肪酸(very long chain fatty acids,VLCFAs)在生物体中具有广泛的生理功能,它们参与种子甘油酯、生物膜膜脂及鞘脂的合成,并为角质层蜡质的生物合成提供前体物质。角质层是覆盖在植物地上部分最表层的保护层,由角质和蜡质组成,其中蜡质又分为角质层表皮蜡和内部蜡,在植物生长发育、适应外界环境方面起重要作用。VLCFAs的合成由脂肪酰-CoA延长酶催化,该酶是由β-酮脂酰-CoA合酶、β-酮脂酰-CoA还原酶、β-羟脂酰-CoA脱水酶和反式烯脂酰-CoA还原酶组成的多酶体系。合成后的VLCFAs通过脱羰基与酰基还原作用进入角质层蜡质合成途径,形成各种蜡质组分。文章就VLCFAs及角质层蜡质合成代谢途径中相关酶基因研究进展方面做了综述,并对植物蜡质基因研究中存在的问题提出一些看法。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373465
文摘Long-chain acyl-Co A synthetase(ACSL) family members include five different ACSL isoforms, each encoded by a separate gene and have multiple spliced variants. ACSLs on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrance catalyze fatty acids with chain lengths from 12 to 20 carbon atoms to form acyl-Co As, which are lipid metabolic intermediates and involved in fatty acid metabolism, membrane modifications and various physiological processes. Gain- or lossof-function studies have shown that the expression of individual ACSL isoforms can alter the distribution and amount of intracellular fatty acids. Changes in the types and amounts of fatty acids, in turn, can alter the expression of intracellular ACSLs. ACSL family members affect not only the proliferation of normal cells, but the proliferation of malignant tumor cells. They also regulate cell apoptosis through different signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. ACSL members have individual functions in fatty acid metabolism in different types of cells depending on substrate preferences, subcellular location and tissue specificity, thus contributing to liver diseases and metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver disease, obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes. They are also linked to neurological disorders and other diseases. However, the mechanisms are unclear. This review addresses new findings in the classification and properties of ACSLs and the fatty acid metabolismassociated effects of ACSLs in diseases.
文摘Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting and the accumulation of the long chain fatty in the body. There are three types of CPT II deficiency, the myopathic form, the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form and the lethal neonatal form. They are all inherited as an autosomal recessive. Diagnosis of the CPTII are 1) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in adult form and 2) CPTII polymorphism (F352C), which is linked to reducing the activity of CPTII in infantile form [1]. Glucose is the primary management and medium-chain fatty acid is an alternative due to the bypass of the CPTII enzyme in the pathway. For the prevention of CPTII deficiency are to avoid long chain fatty acid (C12-fatty acid), fasting, prolonged exercise, known triggers, and certain medications such as anti-epileptics and general anesthesia. During the rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria attack, it is very important to maintain hydration to avoid acute renal failure. If, however, renal failure occurs, dialysis is recommended. We present a case of a 27-year-old African American woman with the significant past medical history of CPT II deficiency leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Together with all the research studies from diagnosis to treatment of CPTII deficiency will help in clinical management of patients. And this case report will add to the existing case reports of patients who have CPTII deficiency in terms of how we diagnose, how we treat, and how we prevent symptoms from re-occurring.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（Nos.21342015, J1210040） and the Hunan Provincial Natu- ral Science Foundation, China（No. 14JJ2048）.
文摘A series of novel coumarin glycoside esters（1-9） was synthesized through the acylation reaction of 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（11） with different long chain fatty acids catalyzed by lipase in organic medium. The acylation occurred regioselectively at the 6＇-OH of glycosyl moiety. The enzymatic synthesis was optimized to achieve 54%-70% yield using immobilized lipase（Novozym 435, 10 mg/mL） as catalyst and acetone and pyri- dine（9：1, volume ratio, water content〈1%） as solvent with an acyl donor/coumarin glycoside molar ratio of 10：1 at a temperature of 40--50 ℃ for 96 h. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed.
文摘长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain,ACSL)属于多基因家族编码的酶,位于内质网和线粒体外膜上的ACSL主要催化脂肪酸形成脂酰辅酶A(acyl-CoA),参与脂肪酸代谢、膜修饰等多种生理过程。ACSL家族在不同细胞的脂肪酸代谢中发挥不同作用,其功能异常可导致如脂肪肝、动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病的发生。ACSL家族成员1(ACSL family member 1,ACSL1)作为ACSL家族在肝脏中的主要亚型,主要参与维持胆固醇稳定、脂肪酸活化以及胆汁酸代谢,同时与某些肝脏疾病如肝细胞癌、非酒精性脂肪肝的发生发展密切相关。本文综述了ACSL家族各成员的生理功能、作用特点,并阐释了ACSL1对脂质代谢、调节细胞铁死亡的影响以及在相关疾病如肝纤维化、肝细胞癌、恶病质、非酒精性脂肪肝、甲状腺癌以及乳腺癌发展中的作用机制的研究进展。
文摘In the modifier concept of intestinal carcinogenesis, lipids have been established as important variables and one focus is given to long-chain fatty acids. Increased consumption of long-chain fatty acids is in discussion to modify the development of colorectal carcinoma in humans. Saturated long-chain fatty acids, in particular, are assumed to promote carcinogenesis, whereas poly-unsaturated forms are likely to act in the opposite way. At present, the molecular mechanisms behind these effects are not well understood. Recently, it has been demonstrated by lipidomics and associated molecular techniques, that activation and metabolic channeling of long-chain fatty acids are important mechanisms to modify colorectal carcinogenesis. In this Editorial, an overview about the present concept of long-chain fatty acids and its derivatives in colorectal carcinogenesis as well as technical algorithms in lipid analysis is given.
文摘超长链脂肪酸(very long chain fatty acids,VLCFAs)在生物体中具有广泛的生理功能,它们参与种子甘油酯、生物膜膜脂及鞘脂的合成,并为角质层蜡质的生物合成提供前体物质。角质层是覆盖在植物地上部分最表层的保护层,由角质和蜡质组成,其中蜡质又分为角质层表皮蜡和内部蜡,在植物生长发育、适应外界环境方面起重要作用。VLCFAs的合成由脂肪酰-CoA延长酶催化,该酶是由β-酮脂酰-CoA合酶、β-酮脂酰-CoA还原酶、β-羟脂酰-CoA脱水酶和反式烯脂酰-CoA还原酶组成的多酶体系。合成后的VLCFAs通过脱羰基与酰基还原作用进入角质层蜡质合成途径,形成各种蜡质组分。文章就VLCFAs及角质层蜡质合成代谢途径中相关酶基因研究进展方面做了综述,并对植物蜡质基因研究中存在的问题提出一些看法。
