Long-term effects of early antibiotic intervention on blood parameters,apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary protein levels

Backgroud： This study aimed to determine the effects of early antibiotic intervention（EAI） on subsequent blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary crude protein（CP） levels. Eighteen litters of piglets（total 212） were randomly allocated to 2 groups and were fed a creep feed diet with or without in-feed antibiotics（olaquindox, oxytetracycline calcium and kitasamycin） from postnatal d 7 to d 42. On d 42, the piglets within the control or antibiotic group were mixed, respectively, and then further randomly assigned to a normal-（20%, 18%, and 14% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively） or a low-CP diet（16%, 14%, and 10% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively）, generating 4 groups. On d 77（short-term） and d 185（long-term）, serum and fecal samples were obtained for blood parameters, microbial composition and microbial metabolism analysis.Results： EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） albumin and glucose concentrations in low-CP diet on d 77, and increased（P 〈 0.05） urea concentration in normal-CP diet. On d 185, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） globulin concentration in normal-CP diets, but decreased glucose concentration. For nutrient digestibility, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05）digestibility of CP on d 77. For fecal microbiota, the EAI as well as low-CP diet decreased（P 〈 0.05） E. coli count on d 77. For fecal metabolites, on d 77, EAI decreased（P 〈 0.05） total amines concentration but increased skatole concentration in low-CP diet. On d 185, the EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） putrescine and total amines concentrations in low-CP diets but reduced（P 〈 0.05） in the normal-CP diets. The low-CP diet decreased the concentrations of these compounds.Conclusions： Collectively, these results indicate that EAI has short-term effects on the blood parameters and fecal microbial fermentation profile. The effects of EAI varied between CP levels, which was characterized by the significant alteration of glucose and putrescine concentration.

Addition of Urban Waste to Semiarid Degraded Soil:Long-term Effect

The addition of municipal solid wastes (MSW) is considered as a possible strategy for soil rehabilitation in southeast Spain.The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term (17 years) effect of five doses of MSW addition on the microbiological,biochemical,and physical properties of semiarid soil.Increased values of several parameters that serve as indicators of general microbiological activity,such as,basal respiration,adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or dehydrogenase activity;microbial population size (microbial biomass C),and extracellular hydrolase activity related to macronutrient cycles,such as,urease,β-glucosidase,and N-α-benzoyl-L-argininamide protease,were observed in the amended soils.The highest MSW doses showed the highest values in these hydrolase activities.The incorporation of municipal waste resulted in a more dense development of the plant cover,50% greater in higher doses than in the control treatment,which generated a substantial increase in several C fractions.Total organic carbon reached 12 g kg^(-1) soil with the highest MSW doses, compared to 4.30 g kg^(-1) soil in the control treatment.The physical properties of the soil were also improved,showing greater percentage of stable aggregates and water holding capacity.Positive correlation coefficients between C fractions and parameters related to microbial activity and aggregate stability were observed.Although these improvements were greater in the soils receiving the highest doses of organic amendment,the increases were not proportional to the amount added,demonstrating the existence of a threshold,above which an increase in the amount of organic matter added is not reflected in an increase in the soil's physical,biochemical,and microbiological properties.However,the addition of municipal solid wastes proved its suitability for improving soil quality,thereby indicating the potential of such an amendment,to prevent desertification in Mediterranean areas such as those studied.

LONG-TERM EFFECT OF HOMOHARRINGTONINE ON CHRONIC GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

Objective: To observe the long-term effect of homoharringtonine (HHT) on chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and its pharmacological mechanism. Methods: 76 patients with newly diagnosed early chronic phase CGL received treatment of merely 1.5 mg/m2 daily HHT for induction remission and long-term maintenance treatment. The apoptosis rate of bone marrow CD34+ cells induced by HHT was assayed with flow cytometer. Results: 86.8% patients achieved CHR, 13.2% patients PHR and 31.8% patients got cytogenetic response in HHT treatment group, which was longer than 31 (8-54) months in hydroxyurea (HU) group (P<0.05). The effect of apoptosis induction HHT was stronger on CGL-CP patients bone marrow CD34+ cells than on normal person bone marrow CD34+ cells. Conclusion: HHT is a very effective drug for remission induction and long-term maintenance treatment in early chronic phase CGL patients.

Long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure attenuates cognitive dysfunction in 5×FAD mice by regulating microglial function

We have previously found that long-term effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in 5xFAD mice with severe late-stage Alzheimer’s disease reduced both amyloid-βdeposition and glial activation,including microglia.To examine whether this therapeutic effect is due to the regulation of activated microglia,we analyzed mic roglial gene expression profiles and the existence of microglia in the brain in this study.5xFAD mice at the age of 1.5 months were assigned to sham-and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields-exposed groups and then animals were exposed to 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at a specific absorption rate of 5 W/kg for 2 hours/day and 5 days/week for 6 months.We conducted behavioral tests including the object recognition and Y-maze tests and molecular and histopathological analysis of amyloid precursor protein/a myloid-beta metabolism in brain tissue.We confirmed that radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure for 6 months ameliorated cognitive impairment and amyloid-βdeposition.The expression levels of Iba1(pan-microglial marker)and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF1R;regulates microglial prolife ration)in the hippocampus in 5xFAD mice treated with radiofrequency electromagnetic fields were significantly reduced compared with those of the sham-exposed group.Subsequently,we analyzed the expression levels of genes related to mic rogliosis and microglial function in the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields-exposed group compared to those of a CSF1R inhibitor(PLX3397)-treated group.Both radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and PLX3397 suppressed the levels of genes related to microgliosis(Csf1r,CD68,and Ccl6)and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β.N otably,the expression levels of genes related to mic roglial function,including Trem2,Fcgr1α,Ctss,and Spi1,were decreased after long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure,which was also observed in response to microglial suppression by PLX3397.These results showed that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields ameliorated amyloid-βpathology and cognitive impairment by suppressing amyloid-βdeposition-induced microgliosis and their key regulator,CSF1R.

Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis C patients with sustained virological response to peginterferon plus ribavirin

AIM: To assess the clinical, biochemical and virological long-term outcome in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) after peginterferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin combination therapy. METHODS: One hundred and fifty three patients with a SVR after treatment with PEG-IFN plus ribavirin were included in a 5-year follow-up study in a single Spanish center, based on standard clinical practice. Clinical anamnesis, biochemical analysis, hepatitis C virus RNA and alpha-fetoprotein measurement, ultrasonography and transient elastography were performed annually. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period of the 153 patients was 76 ± 13 mo after they obtained a SVR. Five patients (3.26%) presented with cirrhosis before treatment and 116 (75.8%) had genotype 1. No patient showed evidence of hepatic decompensation. One patient (0.65%) developed a hepatocellular carcinoma at month 30 after achieving SVR. There were no virological relapses during this follow-up period. Persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase was found in only one patient (0.65%). At the end of the 5-year follow-up, the mean value of transient elastography was 7 ± 4.3 kPa (F1). There were no deaths and no other tumors. CONCLUSION: The long-term outcome of 153 CHC patients with SVR to PEG-IFN plus ribavirin was good. No evidence of a virological relapse was seen. One patient (0.65%) developed a hepatocellular carcinoma.

Damage effectiveness assessment method for anti-ship missiles based on double hierarchy linguistic term sets and evidence theory

The research on the damage effectiveness assessment of anti-ship missiles involves system science and weapon science, and has essential strategic research significance. With comprehensive analysis of the specific process of the damage assessment process of anti-missile against ships, a synthetic damage effectiveness assessment process is proposed based on the double hierarchy linguistic term set and the evidence theory. In order to improve the accuracy of the expert ’s assessment information, double hierarchy linguistic terms are used to describe the assessment opinions of experts. In order to avoid the loss of experts ’ original information caused by information fusion rules, the evidence theory is used to fuse the assessment information of various experts on each case. Good stability of the assessment process can be reflected through sensitivity analysis, and the fluctuation of a certain parameter does not have an excessive influence on the assessment results. The assessment process is accurate enough to be reflected through comparative analysis and it has a good advantage in damage effectiveness assessment.

Assessment of Long-Term Compost Application on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties, as Well as Fertility, of Soil in a Field Subjected to Double Cropping

The aim of this article was to assess the influence of long-term application of compost on the physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as the fertility, of soil in a field subjected to double cropping (paddy rice and barley), mainly by integrating previous studies of the effects of compost and manure on soil qualities. Continuous compost application, especially at a high level (30 Mg·ha-1·y-1), into the double cropping soils increased the activities of organic C-, N-, and P-decomposing enzymes and the contents of organic C, total N, and microbial biomass N, as well as the cation exchange capacity, thereby contributing to the enhancement of soil fertility. Also, the compost application increased the degree of water-stable soil macroaggregation (>0.25 mm), which was correlated significantly (r > 0.950, p < 0.05) with the contents of hydrolyzable carbohydrates (with negative charge) and active Al (with positive charge), and resulted in the modification of soil physical properties. Furthermore, the application increased the amount of soil organic matter, including humic acid with a low degree of darkening and fulvic acid, and contributed to C sequestration and storage. Physical fractionation of soil indicated that about 60% of soil organic C was distributed in the silt-sized (2 - 20 μm) aggregate and clay-sized (<2 μm) aggregate fractions, while about 30% existed in the decayed plant fractions (53 - 2000 μm). The results obtained unambiguously indicate that long-term application of compost can improve soil qualities in the field subjected to double cropping, depending on the amount applied.

Long-term acupuncture treatment has a multitargeting regulation on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease：a positron emission tomography study

The acute effect of acupuncture on Alzheimer＇s disease,i.e.,on brain activation during treatment,has been reported.However,the effect of long-term acupuncture on brain activation in Alzheimer＇s disease is unclear.Therefore,in this study,we performed long-term needling at Zusanli（ST36）or a sham point（1.5 mm lateral to ST36）in a rat Alzheimer＇s disease model,for 30 minutes,once per day,for 30 days.The rats underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning.Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM2.The brain areas activated after needling at ST36 included the left hippocampus,the left orbital cortex,the left infralimbic cortex,the left olfactory cortex,the left cerebellum and the left pons.In the sham-point group,the activated regions were similar to those in the ST36 group.However,the ST36 group showed greater activation in the cerebellum and pons than the sham-point group.These findings suggest that long-term acupuncture treatment has targeted regulatory effects on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease.

Thermomechanical analysis of long-term global modal and local deformation measurements of the Kishwaukee Bridge using the bootstrap

In this paper we present a comparative analysis of global frequency and local deformation data for a large concrete bridge. The asymptotic probability distributions of the central statistics are presented, and compared with empirical bootstrap estimates. Bootstrapped distributions are calculated from reference data obtained during 1999–2000 and used to develop change-point alarm criteria for the structure, using reasonable sensitivity measures developed from FEM simulations and structural analysis. The implications of the frequency data are discussed in conjunction with the strain and displacement measurements in order to discern if the load carrying capacity of the bridge has been affected. The critical need for more advanced temperature compensation models for large structures continually in thermal disequilibrium is discussed.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SHORT TERM EFFECT OF SST ANOMALIES

Using a 5-layer P- o mixed coordinates primitive equations model, a process of heavy rain is simulated that occurred over the middle-and lower-reaches of the Changjiang River on July 1- 2, 1991 and numerical experiments are done of the effects of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over different waters on the precipitation. The result has shown that the appearance of SST anomaly is followed in a short term (2 or 3 days) by. A change in the pattern of circulation as well as in precipitation to some extent.

Long-term efficacy of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin chemotherapy on stage Ⅲ colon cancer: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Many clinical studies for the long-term survival or efficacy of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin(XELOX)in colon cancer have already been studied,but its clinical benefit is controversial.AIM To evaluate the long-term efficacy of XELOX regimen in comparison with other adjuvant chemotherapy protocols in colon cancer.METHODS By searching the PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane databases,a total of 12 randomized controlled trials involving 6698 stageⅢcolon cancer cases(XELOX protocol:n=3298 cases;other adjuvant chemotherapy protocol:n=3268 cases)were included.The parameter outcomes included the overall survival and the disease-free survival.The quality control of selected literature was based on the Jadad scale and the GRADE system.RESULTS In comparison to other adjuvant chemotherapy regimen,XELOX regimen showed a better overall survival(odds ratio=1.29,95% confidence interval:1.15-1.44,P<0.0001)and a better disease-free survival(odds ratio=1.32,95%confidence interval:1.18-1.46,P<0.0001)for colon cancer patients,suggesting the XELOX regimen can be a good option for postoperative treatment of stage III colon cancer.CONCLUSION The XELOX regimen can be a preferred option for adjuvant treatment of stageⅢcolon cancer after surgery.

BOUNDED TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS OF VARIANT BOUSSINESQ EQUATION WITH A DISSIPATION TERM AND DISSIPATION EFFECT

This article studies bounded traveling wave solutions of variant Boussinesq equation with a dissipation term and dissipation effect on them. Firstly, we make qualitative analysis to the bounded traveling wave solutions for the above equation by the theory and method of planar dynamical systems, and obtain their existent conditions, number, and general shape. Secondly, we investigate the dissipation effect on the shape evolution of bounded traveling wave solutions. We find out a critical value r^＊ which can characterize the scale of dissipation effect, and prove that the bounded traveling wave solutions appear as kink profile waves if ｜r｜≥ r^＊; while they appear as damped oscillatory waves if ｜r｜ 〈 r^＊. We also obtain kink profile solitary wave solutions with and without dissipation effect. On the basis of the above discussion, we sensibly design the structure of the approximate damped oscillatory solutions according to the orbits evolution relation corresponding to the component u（ξ） in the global phase portraits, and then obtain the approximate solutions （u（ξ）, H（ξ））. Furthermore, by using homogenization principle, we give their error estimates by establishing the integral equation which reflects the relation between exact and approximate solutions. Finally, we discuss the dissipation effect on the amplitude, frequency, and energy decay of the bounded traveling wave solutions.

The Impact of Meteorological Factors on the Short-term Cumulative Effect of Air Particulate in Tianjin

In order to reveal the rapid increase mechanism of particulate concentration in short time,a notion of short-term cumulative effect of air particulate is defined as the significant increase of pollutant concentration in a short time under the condition of breeze,stable weather and constant emission caused by human being's activities. Subsequently,an index of short-term cumulative effect is established with air diffusive equation,and then the macro-scale meteorological situation and micro-scale factors of forming the short-term cumulative effect are discussed with the observation data. The macro-scale meteorological variables contain upper-level weather situations and surface weather situations. The micro-scale factors mainly include the boundary-layer height and boundary-layer stability. The analyses show that boundary-layer factors and weather variables have a significant influence on the short-term cumulative effect. The notion of short-term cumulative effect will play an important role in interpreting the severe pollution weather.

Quintessence Cosmology with an Effective Λ-Term in Lyra Manifold

We study quintessence cosmology with an effective A-term in Lyra manifold. We consider three different models by choosing variable A depending on time, the Hubble parameter and the energy density of dark matter and dark energy. Dark energy is assumed as quintessence which interacts with the dark matter. Using numerical analysis we investigate the behavior of cosmological parameters in three different models and compare our results with observational data. State-finder diagnostic is also performed for all models.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma Associated with Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Rare Complication of Long-Term Corticosteroid Therapy

Corticosteroid therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases in medicine. The most concerned diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases. Its use may be either short-term or long-term, thus generating several side effects, some of which are conventional and known, but others are rare, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma. We report here a particular clinical observation. Observation: This is a patient of 37 years, who consults in Internal Medicine for the treatment of mucocutaneous lesions, papular nodular, hyper pigmented, budding and disseminated appeared after six months of corticosteroid therapy. This treatment was introduced for the treatment of acoustic neurinoma. The patient is not diabetic or alcoholic and has a negative HIV status. The diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma was made by histology of biopsied skin lesions which concluded for a regular proliferation without atypia spindle cell or mitosis. The lesions persisted over a month despite discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy. Treatment with Bleomycin was necessary. The outcome was favorable under treatment with progressive and complete disappearance of lesions after 15 treatments. Conclusion: The classical side effects of long-term corticosteroid are known, but Kaposi sarcoma complicating long-term corticosteroid is rare in the literature. It is vital that any long-term corticosteroid should be the subject of careful and regular monitoring.

Accident source term and radiological consequences of a small modular reactor

Considering the growing global demand for energy and the need for countries to achieve climate goals,there is an increasing global interest in small modular reactors(SMRs)and their applications.Accident source term and radiological consequence evaluations of SMRs are key components of nuclear and radiation safety reviews,which affect the site,exclusion area(EAB),and low population zone outer boundaries.Based on the design characteristics of the SMR and accident analysis results,a theoretical model of a whole-core fuel cladding damage accident was constructed to study the radioactivity released into the environment and its consequences.The accident source term and radiation dose calculation models were established to analyze the released amounts of radionuclides and the total effective dose affecting individuals at the site boundary.The results showed that the amount of radionuclides released into the environment after a whole-core fuel cladding damage accident reached 10^(14) Bq,among which the release amount of ^(133)Xe was the largest.The total effective dose at the site boundary 30 days after the accident was 8.65 mSv.The highest total effective dose affecting individuals occurred to the east-north-east.The results of the accident source term and radiological consequence provide technical support for site boundary dose assessments and reviews of SMRs.

A LONG TERM EFFECT EVALUATION OF TOTAL HIP PROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT

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Clinical Observation on the Improved Short-Term Effects of Anti-Tumor Purified Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing for 138 Cases with Malignant Tumors

The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumors. This was a multi-center clinical study, and a total of 138 patients included 96 males and 42 females, with the age from 60 to 76 years. Ai-Jing has obtained the Chinese invention patent since 2008 (ZL991-03528.3). A novel technique acupoint injection method was adopted. Except for lung cancer, patients with other malignant tumors were injected once every other day, 2 ml each time. A course of treatment needs 6 Ai-Jing injections, lung cancer patients need 10 - 20 Ai-Jing injections. At the same time, patients were treated with traditional medicine decoction. Due to the limited number of cases, cure rate, recovery rate and remission rate were calculated as a whole, respectively 18.12%, 44.20% and 32.15%. All the invalid patients were lung cancer, accounting for 16.67% of the patients treated with lung cancer, and the total treatment inefficiency was 6.52%. Conclusion: Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing extracts the effective components of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, and has the effects of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, anti-inflam-matory and analgesic, and repairing body damage, with small toxic and side effects and low cost.