Biostratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas,China

Through graptolite identification in profiles,graptolite zone division,contour map compilation,and analysis of mineral composition,TOC content,lamina distribution features of shale samples,the biostratigraphic and reservoir characteristics of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral are sorted out.There are 4 graptolite zones(WF1 to WF4)in Wufeng Formation and 9(LM1 to LM9)in Longmaxi Formation,and the different graptolite zones can be calibrated by lithology and electrical property.The shale layers of these graptolite zones have two depocenters in the southwest and northeast,and differ in mineral composition,TOC,and lamina types.Among them,the graptolite zones of lower WF2 and WF4 are organic matter-poor massive hybrid shale,the upper part of WF1-WF2 and WF3 have horizontal bedding hybrid shale with organic matter,the LM1-LM4 mainly consist of organic-rich siliceous shale with horizontal bedding,and the LM5-LM9 graptolite zones consist of organic-lean hybrid shale with horizontal bedding.The mineral composition,TOC and lamina types of shale depend on the paleo-climate,paleo-water oxidation-reduction conditions,and paleo-sedimentation rate during its deposition.Deposited in oxygen-rich warm water,the lower parts of WF1 and WF2 graptolite zones have massive bedding,low TOC and silicon content.Deposited in cooler and oxygen-rich water,the WF4 has massive bedding,high calcium content and low TOC.Deposited in anoxic water with low rate,the upper part of WF2,WF3,and LM1-LM4 are composed of organic rich siliceous shale with horizontal bedding and high proportion of silt laminae.Deposited in oxygen rich water at a high rate,the graptolite zones LM5-LM9 have low contents of organic matter and siliceous content and high proportions of silt lamina.

Discovery of rhyolitic tuffaceous slate in the southwestern margin of Yangtze Craton:Zircon U-Pb ages(2491 Ma)and tectonic-thermal events

The Mesoproterozoic Dongchuan Group that is widely exposed in Yimen area,central Yunnan Province is a series of sedimentary sort of low-grade metamorphic rocks interbedded with volcanic rocks,which are closely related to the early tectonic evolution of the Earth.However,its formation era,sedimentary filling sequence,and geotectonic characteristics have always been in dispute.In this study,several rhyolitic tuffaceous slate interlayers with a centimeter-level thickness were found in the previously determined Heishan Formation of the Dongchuan Group located to the western part of Yimen-Luoci fault zone.This paper focuses on the study of the rhyolitic tuffaceous slate in Qifulangqing Village,Tongchang Township,Yimen County.LA-ICP-MS zircon dating was conducted,achieving the crystallization age of magma of 2491±15 Ma and the metamorphic ages of about 2.3 Ga,2.0 Ga,and 1.8 Ga for the first time.Meanwhile,according to in-situ Hf isotope analysis,the zirconεHf(t)values were determined to range from−3.0 to 7.6,with an average of 2.7.Furthermore,the first-stage Hf model age(TDM1)was determined to be 2513−2916 Ma,indicating that the provenance of the rhyolitic tuffaceous slate is the depleted mantle or juvenile crust between the Middle Mesoarchean and the Late Neoarchean.Therefore,it is believed that the strata of the slate were deposited in the Late Neoarchean,instead of the Mesoproterozoic as determined by previous researchers.Accordingly,it is not appropriate to group the strata into the Mesoproterozoic Dongchuan Group.Instead,they should be classified as the Maolu Formation of the Neoarchean Puduhe Group given the lithologic association and regional information.Furthermore,the magma ages of 2491±15 Ma are highly consistent with the eras of the large-scale Late Neoarchean orogenic magmatic activities on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton,and thus reflect the orogenic process consisting of subduction and collision from Late Neoarchean to Early Paleoproterozoic.The magmatic activities during this period were possibly caused by the convergence of the supercontinent Kenorland.Meanwhile,the metamorphic ages of 2.3 Ga,2.0 Ga,and 1.8 Ga are highly consistent with three metamorphic ages of 2.36 Ga,1.95 Ga,and 1.85 Ga of the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton,indicating that the strata experienced Paleoproterozoic tectonic-thermal events.The study area is located on the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and thus was possibly re-transformed by magmatism subjected to the subduction of the Meso-Tethys Ocean during the Early Cretaceous.The discoveries made in this study will provide strong petrological and chronological evidence for analyzing the early crustal evolution of the Yangtze block.

Manganese carbonate stromatolites of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Chengkou,northern Yangtze Craton,China

The origin process of manganese ores remains unsolved worldwide.Exploring the origins of stromatolites that contain manganese may be a key to deciphering the sedimentary environments and metallogenic processes of these deposits.However,only a few manganese stromatolites have been discovered and described until now.Microbialites are well developed in the manganese deposits,located near the top of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Chengkou area of Chongqing,northern Yangtze Craton,but has not been explicitly studied;and whether they are true stromatolites or Epiphyton microbialites remains controversial.Based on field and core observations and thin section microscopy,the characteristics of five types of manganese stromatolites and their growth modes are described in detail in this study.The results show that these stromatolites grew in a biostrome in shoal and lagoon environments and were syngenetic with oncolites and oolites on a carbonate ramp behind the shoal.Manganese stromatolites can be categorized into three forms:(1)stratiform;(2)columnar,which includes branched and columnar types;and(3)stratiform-columnar,which is a transitional type.Based on a criterion that the diameter is less than or greater than 1 mm,columnar stromatolites are further divided into micro-columnar(<1 mm)and columnar(>1 mm)columns,which display synchronous growth and are similar to Pseudogymnosolenaceae.Their shapes are mainly controlled by water depths and hydrodynamic strengths.The greater the water depth,the more columnar the columns tend to be.Excessively strong hydrodynamic conditions decrease the growth rate of stromatolites,and they even stopped growth due to wave damage.Furthermore,pillared laminar textures(not Epiphyton),which consist of dendritic,micro-branched and microcolumnar stromatolites,are a common feature of the larger stratiform,stratiform-columnar and columnar stromatolites.The alternations of laminae with different internal textures record subtle fluctuations in water depths and hydrodynamic strengths,which indicate that stromatolite growth is controlled by tidal cycles at the lamina level.Therefore,it is possible that the vertical evolution of the stromatolites could reveal the changing characteristics of both local and regional sedimentary environments,i.e.,stromatolite shape changes from columnar to stratiform can represent the onset of shallower environments with weak hydrodynamic conditions.In addition,as important reef builders in shallow carbonate ramps,microstromatolites accelerate the development from ramp to platform.Indicators of microbial control on stromatolite shapes and manganese sedimentation processes include the fabric of stromatolite laminae,organic rhodochrosite with a micritic texture that is usually clotted,spherical,tubular,fibrous or dendritic,which suggests that the laminae resulted from microbially induced in situ precipitation.

K-bentonite beds and high-resolution integrated strati- graphy of the uppermost Ordovician Wufeng and the lowest Silurian Longmaxi formations in South China

More than 20 K-bentonite beds were discovered from the Wufeng Formation and the lowest Longmaxi Formation in two sections, both adjacent to the Ordovician-Silurian (O-S) bound-ary and located in Tongzi, Guizhou Province and Yichang, Hubei Province, some 500 km apart from each other in South China. This indicates that many volcanic eruptions occurred near the southeast margin of the Yangtze Platform between the latest Ordovician and the earliest Silurian. Mainly through biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic studies, it was found that almost all these far-apart K-bentonite beds may be correlated with each other. This is the first time that a succession of volcanic ash deposits with high potential of correlation was discovered within a strata interval on the main platforms of China. Therefore, these K-bentonite beds may afford ex-cellent event-marker beds helpful to high-resolution research in integrated stratigraphy as well as other lines of research on the O-S boundary in South China.

Geochronology of middle Neoproterozoic volcanic deposits in Yangtze Craton interior of South China and its implications to tectonic settings

Here we report new SHRIMP dating results of the crystal tuff in Ejiaao Formation of middle Banxi Group in northern Guizhou. The results indicate that the volcanic deposition occurred at ~780 Ma. We also suggests that the igneous activities across Yangtze Craton with diabase dyke swarms and basal volcanic rocks during middle Banxi time are indicative of the episodic, extensive and vigorous great bimodal igneous events during middle Neoproterozoic (825-720 Ma) in South China. The characteristics of the igneous series are contrary to the model claiming they are of island-arc origin, but suggest that they are the records of rifting process and may be related to the episodic plume activities leading to the break-up of Rodinia.

Sinian hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potential at the northwest margin of the Yangtze region, China

Based on outcrop, drilling, logging and seismic data, the reservoir forming conditions, reservoir forming model and exploration potential of the ultra-deep Sinian Dengying Formation at the northwest margin of Yangtze craton region were examined.(1) This area is in craton rifting stage from Sinian to Early Cambrian, characterized by syn-sedimentary faults and rapid subsidence, significant sedimentary differences, and development of Dengying Formation platform margins on both sides of the rift.(2) The Sinian–Cambrian in this area has two sets of high-quality source rocks, Doushantuo Formation and Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formation;of which, the latter has a thickness of 150–600 m and hydrocarbon generation intensity of(100-200)×10;m;/km;.(3) The mounds and shoals in the platform margin of Sinian Dengying Formation controlled by faults are thick and distributed in rows and zones;they are reformed by contemporaneous–quasi-contemporaneous and supergene karstification jointly, forming pore-type reservoirs with a thickness of 200-400 m.(4) The two sets of source rocks enter oil generation windows from Permian to Early Triassic, and the oil migrates a short distance to the lithologic traps of mounds and shoals to form a huge scale paleo-oil reservoir group;from Late Triassic to Jurassic, the oil in the paleo-oil reservoirs is cracked into gas, laying the foundation of present natural gas reservoirs.(5) The mound-shoal body at the platform margin of Dengying Formation and the two sets of high-quality source rocks combine into several types of favorable source-reservoir combinations, which, with the advantage of near-source and high-efficiency reservoir formation, and can form large lithologic gas reservoirs. The Mianyang-Jiange area is a potential large gas field with trillion cubic meters of reserves. According to seismic prediction, the Laoguanmiao structure in this area has the Deng-2 Member mound-shoal reservoir of about 1300 km^(2), making it a ultra-deep target worthy of exploration in the near future.

上扬子五峰组龙马溪组页岩有机质富集机理

以上扬子地区五峰组龙马溪组底部页岩为研究对象,通过总有机碳含量测试、主微量以及稀土元素等数据对其有机质富集机理进行研究。结果表明:1)研究区五峰组龙马溪组底部页岩沉积于被动大陆边缘环境,构造稳定,有利于有机质富集。2)各种地质因素对于有机质富集具有不同的控制作用,其中,古生产力对五峰组龙马溪组底部页岩有机质富集影响不显著,而陆源输入产生一定稀释性效应;五峰组龙马溪组底部页岩沉积期环境为贫氧厌氧、中等滞留环境,有利于有机质的富集与保存,但由于龙马溪组底部沉积时期的水体环境较五峰组时期略微开放,导致水体环境对于五峰组和龙马溪组两套黑色页岩有机质保存的控制作用有一定差异。3)五峰组和龙马溪组底部两套页岩有机质富集具有差异性。其中,五峰组页岩的有机质富集为生产力滞留环境协同控制发育模式,龙马溪组底部页岩的有机质富集为保存开放上升洋流控制模式。

扬子西南缘滇中成冰系南沱组沉积特征及其上红层归属讨论

扬子克拉通滇中地区新元古界南沱组与陡山沱组之间过渡段“红层”不同学者认识尚有分歧。以扬子克拉通西南缘昆明晋宁鲁纳村剖面和飞大田剖面为主,对其成冰系南沱组开展了详细的地层学、沉积学研究。南沱组砾岩段及其上覆红层泥岩段具擦痕、坠石、韵律性纹层等典型冰川沉积特征,据此划分出4个沉积亚相,即冰下滞积亚相、冰缘河道亚相、冰前三角洲前缘亚相和滨岸亚相,反映了冰期演化的不同阶段。红层段顶部最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为636 Ma,表明南沱组上段紫红色粉细砂岩顶部沉积时限可能晚于636 Ma。区域地层对比发现,平面上,滇中地区南沱组砾岩段和泥岩段分布稳定;垂向上,自下而上为冰川冰下堆积砾岩,向上过渡为冰缘河道砾岩,再向上为冰前三角洲前缘泥岩和滨岸细砂岩,表现为冰川逐渐融化并逐步海侵的规律。研究认为南沱组应当二分:下段杂砾岩段,上段紫红色泥岩段,即南沱组—陡山沱组界限置于红层段顶部。论文深化了对扬子西南缘成冰纪沉积古地理的理解,为完善四川盆地周缘成冰纪—埃迪卡拉纪等时地层格架和四川盆地及周缘深层油气勘探提供了沉积学新资料。

上扬子地区新地1井五峰组—龙马溪组下段高分辨化学层序地层学与页岩气关系分析

【研究目的】本文旨在综合地球化学、高分辨层序地层学理论和方法,探索厚层页岩地层划分对比的化学层序地层新方法,建立上扬子地区新地1井五峰组—龙马溪组下段高精度化学层序地层格架,为研究区页岩气勘探提供科学依据。【研究方法】本研究利用上扬子地区新地1井的岩心、测井及样品分析测试资料,优选出陆源输入强度相关元素组合、自生沉淀强度相关元素组合、有机质吸附及还原强度相关元素组合作为指标体系,进而划分四级化学层序地层。【研究结果】新地1井五峰组划分为LCW层序,龙马溪组下段自下而上细分为MCL1-1、MCL1-2、MCL1-3、MCL1-4四级层序。陆源输入强度相关元素组合总量在层序界面附近相对较高,而最大海泛面附近相对较低;自生沉淀强度及有机质吸附及还原强度相关元素组合总量在层序界面附近相对较低,而在最大海泛面附近相对较高。【结论】不同地化指标体系代表了不同的成因意义,陆源碎屑输入强度和自生沉淀强度越小、有机质吸附及还原强度越大的沉积环境有利于页岩中有机质富集,其旋回性变化对区域海平面变化有相应响应,具有区域一致性,是区域地层对比的重要依据和有力手段。

上扬子南缘五峰组——龙马溪组页岩地球化学特征及其对风化、物源与构造背景的指示

为深入探讨上扬子地区南缘晚奥陶世—早志留世黑色页岩的物质来源、风化作用和源区构造背景,本文选取典型野外剖面,对五峰组—龙马溪组页岩主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征进行系统研究并探讨其地质意义。结果显示:上扬子南缘五峰组—龙马溪组黑色富有机质页岩具有与上地壳相似的贫高场强元素、富集大离子亲石元素特征,∑REE值(103.66×10^(-6)~295.98×10^(-6),平均180.57×10^(-6))整体较高,稀土元素标准化配分模式与上地壳极为相似,呈现“V”型向右倾斜、轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦、轻重稀土分异明显、Eu负异常明显的特征;特征微量、稀土元素含量及比值,如:La、Ce、La/Yb、Sc/Cr,均表现出与被动大陆边缘特征值相接近;样品成分变异指数ICV值(0.55~14.1,平均2.28)和Zr/Sc—Th/Sc图解指示物源为构造带首次快速沉积产物,不具备沉积再循环特征;较低的CIA值(54.89~71.61,平均65.27)、A—CN—K图解和K_(2)O/Al_(2)O_(3)—Ga/Rb图解表明物源受化学风化作用较小,沉积环境为寒冷、干燥环境;K_(2)O、Rb、Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)含量较高及Eu负异常指示其源岩以长英质火成岩及花岗岩类的偏酸性地质体为主;综合物源、构造背景判别图解,推断上扬子南缘五峰组—龙马溪组页岩主体形成于被动大陆边缘,物源主要来自于西侧康滇古陆新元古代早期地台盖层,黔中隆起次之,伴随扬子板块东南部中酸性火山物质涌入沉积。

中上扬子地区陡山沱组沉积特征及其油气地质意义

近期鄂西地区震旦系陡山沱组勘查获得页岩气工业气流。陡山沱组富有机质页岩主要分布于上扬子德阳—安岳断陷槽及中扬子鄂西断陷槽,探明其沉积特征和油气地质条件是进一步开展页岩气与常规油气勘探开发的重要依据。通过研究中上扬子两个断陷槽内陡山沱组露头、钻井和地球物理资料,对比分析两者的沉积特征和沉积环境,结果显示:①中上扬子地区陡山沱组沉积时期古地理格局在地形上具有西高东低的特征;②陡山沱组沉积早期,上扬子地区仍然存在大面积古陆,其厚度较薄或缺失,中晚期才接受大量沉积,而中扬子地区此时为台地、瀉湖、陆棚和盆地的沉积环境,地层发育较完整,富有机质页岩沉积厚度较大;③陡山沱组是在整体拉张环境下形成的产物,中上扬子地区断陷槽均形成台内断陷盆地,上扬子地区德阳—安岳断陷槽形成时间较晚,陡山沱组主要沉积碳酸盐岩,中扬子地区鄂西断陷槽形成较早,槽内沉积页岩夹碳酸盐岩;④鄂西断陷槽内厚层陡山沱组富有机质页岩,保存较好的构造单元中有望获得页岩气勘查新突破,并可以作为灯影组常规天然气烃源岩,在生储盖匹配地区有望形成常规油气藏。研究成果可以为震旦纪—寒武纪裂陷槽油气调查工作提供参考。

中国南方志留系底部优质烃源岩发育的构造-环境模式

我们对宜昌王家湾和张家界三家馆两个剖面的上奥陶统—下志留统剖面的有机碳丰度、有机碳同位素、以及磷和硫元素进行了测定,并结合区域构造背景分析了有机质生产、聚集、保存的有利条件。研究表明,对于下志留统烃源岩而言,对有机质生产的主要贡献来自光合作用,所生成的有机质聚集在陆缘洼地型活动大陆边缘的分隔性盆地中,其有利保存的缺氧条件与冈瓦纳大陆北缘的区域性的缺氧有关。我们认为,扬子克拉通的志留系底部烃源岩与北非的"hotshale"一样,有很大的勘探前景。

中扬子地区下古生界海相泥-页岩含气勘探远景

利用中扬子区下古生界页岩的野外露头地质剖面、有机地球化学分析数据和钻井显示资料,分析中扬子下古生界页岩气资源勘探远景。研究表明,中扬子区下古生界海相泥-页岩主要以下寒武统水井沱组(或牛蹄塘组)和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组为主。上述2套泥质岩和页岩有机质含量丰富、有机质类型好、热演化程度高,多数已达到成熟—过成熟阶段,是有效页岩气气源岩。中扬子区自加里东以来经历了多期构造运动、构造隆升和挤压作用,改善了页岩储层的储集性能,提高页岩气聚集量。湘鄂西区和江汉平原区南部下寒武统泥-页岩可作为有利页岩气勘探选区,而鄂西渝东区钻井揭示志留系见工业性气流,表明该区志留系页岩气潜力较大。

上扬子地区志留系龙马溪组富有机质泥岩储层特征

岩石矿物组成及脆性矿物含量对富有机质泥岩人工造缝能力影响明显,在页岩气储层描述及评价中显得尤为重要。以野外工作为基础,针对上扬子地区志留系龙马溪组下部富有机质泥岩开展X-衍射分析及显微观察。研究表明,该套富有机质泥岩储层脆性矿物平均含量约50%～70%,具有较好的破裂潜力。旺苍双汇、雷波银厂村、习水吼滩等剖面揭示,碎屑矿物主要为石英及少量长石,岩屑极少,矿物棱角分明,星点状分布,无明显定向性;自生脆性矿物主要为方解石、白云石,自形-半自形晶,局部相对富集组成宏观可见的细微条纹,黄铁矿含量低但岩石中普遍含有;生物矿物为微量硅质放射虫,有溶蚀现象。区域上,脆性矿物分为石英+长石组合、石英+长石+方解石+白云石组合。沉积中心——四川泸州-宜宾、重庆武隆-石柱地区,以及黔中-雪峰隆起北侧边缘沉积相带,方解石、白云石含量较高。汉南古陆、川中隆起与黔中-雪峰隆起向沉积区供给碎屑沉积物能力不同,造成陆地边缘沉积区矿物组成的差异。可见,寻找富脆性矿物分布区的关键应从重建古地理格局开始,尤其是进行沉积微相分析。

晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地须家河组物源及构造背景分析

晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地早期的沉积物源及构造演化长期存在争议,争论的焦点主要在晚三叠世诺利期及同期沉积的须家河组下部地层。通常认为龙门山前陆盆地的西侧边界为龙门山主断裂,北川-映秀断裂,须家河组地层的地表出露范围均位于该断裂以东区域。近期的汶川科学钻探首次在北川-映秀断裂以西发现了须家河组下部地层,为龙门山前陆盆地早期的演化过程提供了新的证据。上三叠统诺利阶须家河组下部的砂岩骨架颗粒中石英、长石、岩屑的平均含量分别为43%、4%和35%,岩屑颗粒呈次棱角状,岩屑主要为弱变质的粉砂岩、泥岩,具有锆石、金红石、电气石、重晶石的重矿物组合特征,表明物源来自再旋回沉积岩。据Dickinson的三角判别图解分析,其物源区构造背景为再旋回造山带。通过微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学分析,再次确定其物源为上地壳长英质岩。龙门山前缘须家河组下部地层与松潘甘孜中—上三叠统的REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布特征相似。通过与须家河组潜在物源区的综合对比分析,本文认为诺利期的须家河组具有前陆盆地的双物源特征,其物源主要来自松潘甘孜褶皱带,并有少量来自扬子板块西缘。微量和稀土元素比值特征及构造背景判别图解分析表明,诺利期龙门山前缘须家河组的沉积构造背景为大陆岛弧,沉积盆地类型应为弧后前陆盆地。结合龙门山造山带-前陆盆地系统的构造事件研究,以及本文对于须家河组下部的物源和构造背景分析,表明在卡尼末期古特提斯洋东缘出现强烈挤压,松潘甘孜东缘发生褶皱并逆冲在扬子板块西缘之上形成古岛弧,逆冲断裂为茂汶断裂,须家河组的西侧沉积范围,即前陆盆地的西侧边界为茂汶断裂。到诺利期末和瑞替期初,龙门山造山带形成,须家河组沉积范围缩至北川-映秀断裂以东,龙门山前陆盆地的西侧边界为北川-映秀断裂。

中上扬子地区下古生界页岩气资源前景分析

我国中上扬子地区下古生界黑色页岩是震旦系、二叠系大中型气田的重要烃源岩,同时其自身也具有形成页岩气藏的巨大潜力。初步研究表明,中上扬子地区下古生界有利页岩气层主要发育在下震旦统陡山沱组、下寒武统筇竹寺组、上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组,这些层位的黑色页岩厚度、有机碳含量、以及Ro值等各项参数均符合形成页岩气藏的特征,是今后页岩气勘探的潜力地层。

中上扬子区下志留统页岩气勘探潜力

中上扬子区志留系龙马溪组是在局限的浅海环境下发育的一套优质烃源岩,尤以川南、川北及渝东南—黔北几个沉积中心黑色页岩最为发育,厚度大、有机质含量高。川南及川北地区干酪根类型以Ⅰ型为主,有机质成熟度为高成熟中晚期,以生成裂解气-湿气为主;渝东南—黔北地区干酪根类型以Ⅱ1型为主,有机质成熟度为过成熟,以生成干气为主。通过分析这几个地区该套地层的有机地球化学参数及钻遇该层位井的录井资料,借鉴北美地区页岩气勘探实践,认为中上扬子区志留系龙马溪组具有形成页岩气气藏的有利条件。建深2井在龙马溪组见到了气测异常及多个异常压力带,这些都显示了中上扬子区龙马溪组页岩气巨大的勘探潜力。

扬子克拉通西南缘中元古代通安组的形成时代--锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年龄

通安组是扬子克拉通西南缘褶皱基底的组成部分,可分为5个岩性段。本文利用凝灰质粉砂岩(样品100620-1)中碎屑锆石和侵入通安组的辉长-闪长岩脉(样品100620-1-1和样品100620-2-2)中岩浆锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄探讨通安组的形成时代。通安组三段中凝灰质粉砂岩的碎屑锆石有两个主要的峰值年龄,分别为1.8～1.9Ga和2.28～2.38Ga,这表明通安组三段的沉积物来自不同的物源区。该凝灰质粉砂岩中最年轻的3粒锆石的207Pb/206Pb平均年龄为1806Ma。从侵入到通安组第三段的辉长-闪长岩的岩浆锆石中获得了1513±13Ma的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄(样品100620-2-1)和1531±18Ma的上交点年龄(样品100620-2-2)。这些新获得的年龄数据可以限定通安组的形成时限为1.8～1.5Ga。辉长-闪长岩脉1513Ma和1531Ma的年龄数据与东川群黑山组火山凝灰岩1503±7Ma的年龄结果相似,表明侵入到通安组三段中的辉长-闪长岩脉与东川群黑山组的火山凝灰岩形成于一个岩浆旋回的同一阶段。因此,通安组三段大致相当于云南东川群的黑山组。

中上扬子区志留系龙马溪组页岩气勘探区优选

将中上扬子区志留系龙马溪组页岩与具有相似构造沉积背景的Fort Worth盆地Bar-nett页岩进行对比研究,揭示龙马溪组页岩与Barnett页岩的相似性和变形的差异性。结果表明,龙马溪组页岩与Barnett页岩具有相似的沉积背景、岩性组合和隆升演化模式,但龙马溪组页岩经历了多期构造变形的改造和叠加,不同构造单元的变形强度存在明显的差异,形成了不同的断裂组合及各种不同类型、不同规模的裂缝,构造变形很大程度上制约了中上扬子区龙马溪组页岩气的成藏和破坏。根据龙马溪组页岩现今的残存厚度,结合构造变形的强度,提出川南和川东鄂西页岩发育带均为有利的页岩气勘探潜力区带,但川南页岩发育带优于川东鄂西页岩发育带。两个有利勘探区带内变形相对较弱、远离断裂带和原生裂缝不甚发育区是页岩气富集成藏的有利区域,应为页岩气藏勘探的首选目标区。

上扬子地区早古生代页岩气与北美Barnett页岩气潜力对比

上扬子地区早古生代牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组发育两套分布广、厚度大、有机质含量高的页岩,目前相关的试验性页岩气开采较少,对其潜力缺少定量或相对定量方面的评估。北美地区Barnett页岩是页岩气开采历史最长,产量最高的页岩,建立了可靠的页岩气潜力的评价标准,对比评价上扬子地区早古生代页岩气潜力不失为经济有效的方法。通过比较发现,上扬子地区早古生代页岩与Barnett页岩具有相似的构造沉积背景和发育规模,二者之间具有很强的可比性。地球化学特征对比发现,上扬子地区早古生代页岩的有机质丰度、类型、成熟度、页岩气类型和有机质转化率等相关参数与Barnett页岩类似或更有利,认为其资源潜力不低于Barnett页岩,具有进行较大规模试验性开采的条件。