Fractional Fourier transform of Lorentz beams

This paper introduces Lorentz beams to describe certain laser sources that produce highly divergent fields.The fractional Fourier transform （FRFT） is applied to treat the propagation of Lorentz beams.Based on the definition of convolution and the convolution theorem of the Fourier transform,an analytical expression for a Lorentz beam passing through a FRFT system has been derived.By using the derived formula,the properties of a Lorentz beam in the FRFT plane are illustrated numerically.

Nonparaxial propagation of a vectorial apertured off-axis Lorentz beam

Based on the vectorial Ftayleigh-Sommerfeld integral formula and the complex Gaussian expansion of the hardedge aperture function, an analytical propagation expression for a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam passing through a rectangular aperture is derived. The unapertured case, the far field expression and the scalar paraxial result are also presented as special cases of the general formulae, respectively. Some numerical examples are also given to show the propagation characteristics of a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam through a rectangular aperture. It is indicated that the f parameter, the off-axis displacement and the truncation parameter all play an important role in determining nonparaxial propagation behaviour.

Kurtosis parameters of super Lorentz-Gauss beams through a paraxial and real ABCD optical system

Based on the propagation equation of higher-order intensity moments, analytical propagation expressions for the kurtosis parameters of a super Lorentz-Gauss （SLG） SLG01 beam through a paraxial and real ABCD optical system are derived. By replacing the parameters in the expressions of the kurtosis parameters of the SLC01 beam, the kurtosis parameters of the SLG10 and SLGll beams through a paraxial and real ABCD optical system can be easily obtained. The kurtosis parameters of an SLG01 beam through a paraxial and real ABCD optical system depend on two ratios. One is the ratio of the transfer matrix element B to the product of the transfer matrix element A and the diffraction-free range of the super-Lorentzian part. The other is the ratio of the width parameter of the super-Lorentzian part to the waist of the Gaussian part. As a numerical example, the properties of the kurtosis parameters of an SLG01 beam propagating in free space are illustrated. The influences of different parameters on the kurtosis parameters of an SLG01 beam are analysed in detail.

The Wigner distribution function of a super Lorentz–Gauss SLG_(11) beam through a paraxial ABCD optical system

An orthonormal beam family of super Lorentz-Gauss （SLG） beam model is proposed to describe the higher-order mode beams with high divergence, which are generated by a high power diode laser. Here we consider the simplest case of the SLG beams, where there are four mutually orthogonal SLG beams, namely SLG00, SLG01, SLG10, and SLGll beams. The SLG00 beam is just the Lorentz-Gauss beam. Based on the Collins integral formula and the Hermite-Gaussian expansion of a Lorentz function, an analytical expression for the Wigner distribution function （WDF） of an SLG11 beam through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived. The properties of the WDF of an SLG11 beam propagating in free space are demonstrated. The normalized WDFs of an SLG11 beam at the different spatial points are depicted in several observation planes. The influence of the beam parameter on the WDF of an SLGI 1 beam in free space is analyzed at different propagation distances. The second-order moments of the WDF of an SLG11 beam in free space are also examined. This research reveals the propagation properties of an SLGll beam from another perspective. The WDFs of SLG01 and SLG10 beams can be easily obtained by using the WDFs of Lorentz-Gauss beam and the SLG11 beam.

Orbital angular momentum density and spiral spectra of Lorentz–Gauss vortex beams passing through a single slit

Based on the Hermite–Gaussian expansion of the Lorentz distribution and the complex Gaussian expansion of the aperture function, an analytical expression of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam with one topological charge passing through a single slit is derived. By using the obtained analytical expressions, the properties of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam passing through a single slit are numerically demonstrated. According to the intensity distribution or the phase distribution of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam, one can judge whether the topological charge is positive or negative. The effects of the topological charge and three beam parameters on the orbital angular momentum density as well as the spiral spectra are systematically investigated respectively. The optimal choice for measuring the topological charge of the diffracted Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam is to make the single slit width wider than the waist of the Gaussian part.

Detecting magnetic field direction by a micro beam operating in different vibration modes

A new method to detect the magnetic field direction by using a silicon structure is presented in this paper. The structure includes a micro beam and an in-plane coil electrode. When the electrode under a magnetic field is applied with an alternating current, the micro beam is actuated under the effect of the Lorentz forces. Magnetic fields of different directions cause different vibration profiles. The direction of the magnetic field is obtained by measuring the vibration amplitudes of the micro beam, which is driven to work at first- and second-order resonant modes. A micro structure has been fabricated using the bulk microma^hined silicon process. A laser Doppler vibrometer system is implemented to measure the vibration amplitudes. The experimental results show that the amplitude of the structure, which depends on the different modes, is a sine or cosine function of the angle of the magnetic field. It agrees well with the simulation result. Currently a resolution of 10~ for the magnetic field direction measurement can be obtained using the detecting principle.

考虑光强分布的光通信光栅列阵光束整形方法

光栅单元阵列由大量的单元组成,每个单元的大小和形状都需要精确控制,以确保光束的整形效果。然而,在光通信过程中,光强分布的变化会导致光栅列阵中每个单元的响应度不一致,从而引起每个单元接收到的光信号出现差异,进而影响光束的整形效果。因此,提出一种考虑光强分布的光通信光栅列阵光束整形方法。以光通信光栅列阵中的最常用的列阵波导光栅为例,通过阵列波导结构中的阵列波导的芯区宽度、芯区折射率、包层折射率、波导周期宽度等参数,结合波导中的传播常数受到光束波长和折射率影响,得到阵列波导的归一化本征方程,将其结果结合匀化洛伦兹函数得到入射光和出射光的光强分布,通过计算得到光通信光栅列阵光束入射光及出射光的映射函数,利用函数调整光学参数,实现光通信光栅列阵光束整形。实验结果表明:该方法对光通信光栅列阵光束的整形效果好,整形光束的能量利用率高,光束不均匀性小。

真空中相对论电子束长程传输过程仿真研究

为探索相对论电子束流在真空中的传输规律,基于狭义相对论中的洛伦兹变换对相对论电子束流的传输过程进行了仿真研究,分析了相对论电子束流长程传输过程中的空间电磁场分布,并结合相空间理论对电子束流半径随传输距离的变化规律进行探索。结果表明:以相对论速度运动的电荷产生的电场不再是球对称分布,而是趋向于集中在电荷运动的垂直方向上;相对论电子束流半径在传输过程中初期呈指数增长,传输一定距离后呈线性增长。与常规方法相比,洛伦兹变换在处理高能电子束时具有效率优势,有助于解决由于相对论电子束流长程传输模型的空间尺寸较大而导致的计算时间过长的问题。

大功率长焦深高斯光束整形设计

为了大功率激光设备工作时,减小高斯光束束腰半径外低能量所产生的边缘效应,避免出现毛边、搭接痕迹明显等问题,需要对它进行光束整形设计。针对大功率激光光源特性(输出平均光功率为500 W,脉冲宽度为130~160 ns,重复频率为20~50 kHz,波长为1064 nm,功率调节范围为10%~100%),为了减小系统的复杂性,提高激光能量的利用率,采用伽利略式非球面透镜整形系统进行参数优化;选取平顶洛伦兹模型为物理模型,根据能量守恒定律求得入射光与出射光之间的映射关系;采用光学软件对系统的结构参数和非球面系数进行优化。计算平顶光束在出射距离20,30 mm时的输出能量均匀度。结果表明系统的工作焦深在20~30 mm时,平顶区激光能量均匀度均大于78.0%。以锈蚀的低碳钢板为作用目标进行了激光清洗实验,光斑作用区域内,激光与物质相互作用均匀,证明本设计能满足大功率激光使用环境的要求。

洛伦兹-高斯光束在梯度折射率介质中的传输

导出了洛伦兹-高斯光束在梯度折射率介质中传输的光场分布,给出了二阶矩定义下的光束半宽度及其变化率的解析表达式,重点分析了梯度折射率系数对洛伦兹-高斯光束传输性能的影响。结果表明,梯度折射率介质中的归一化光强分布和光束半宽度等呈周期性变化,周期为梯度折射率系数的"倍,轴上最大光强出现在半周期处。梯度折射率系数除影响周期性外,对归一化光强分布和光束半宽度无明显影响,但影响光束半宽度变化率。

涡旋洛伦兹-高斯光束的远场矢量结构特征

利用矢量角谱法和稳相法,研究了涡旋洛伦兹-高斯光束的远场矢量结构特征,导出了横电项(TE项)和横磁项(TM项)远场电磁场和相应能流的解析表达式。通过相应的数值计算,分析了拓扑电荷数对涡旋洛伦兹-高斯光束及其矢量结构项远场能流分布的影响。TE项由位于竖直方向的2瓣或3瓣组成,TM项可由TE项旋转90°得到。涡旋洛伦兹-高斯光束在拓扑电荷数小时内部中空,外部亮环均匀分布。增大拓扑电荷数,涡旋洛伦兹-高斯光束外部亮环上的能流呈起伏分布,内部变化相对复杂。涡旋洛伦兹-高斯光束及其矢量结构项的光斑尺寸随拓扑电荷数的增大而增大,但会饱和。研究显示,涡旋洛伦兹-高斯光束在实际应用时拓扑电荷数不宜过大。

自由空间中超短啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束的空间奇异性

给出了超短啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束在自由空间中的传输方程,研究了啁啾对洛仑兹脉冲光束空间奇异性的影响.理论及数值模拟的结果表明,由于啁啾的作用,对于脉冲宽度大于一个光波振荡周期的洛仑兹脉冲光束同样存在空间奇异性.在初始位置,啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束的空间奇异性出现在脉冲的前沿或后沿.当洛仑兹脉冲光束传输以后,啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束的空间奇异性将更加强烈.

洛伦兹光束经光阑-透镜系统的焦移特性

基于柯林斯积分公式和光阑函数的复高斯展开,导出了洛伦兹光束经光阑-透镜光学系统的近似解析传输公式.运用所得到的近似解析表达式,考察了洛伦兹光束的焦移特性.数值计算结果表明洛伦兹光束的焦移量依赖于菲涅耳数和光阑-透镜的分离距离.文中,洛伦兹光束的焦移特性也和相应高斯光束的作了比较.这一研究有益于那些发散程度较大的激光光束的实际应用.

部分相干洛伦兹-高斯光束在湍流大气中的峭度参数

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式和洛伦兹函数的厄米-高斯展开,导出了部分相干洛伦兹-高斯光束在湍流大气中经傍轴ABCD光学系统的峭度参数的解析表达式,对该峭度参数进行了数值计算。结果表明:空间相干长度和结构常数对峭度参数的影响与部分相干洛伦兹-高斯光束本身的光束参数有关;当空间相干长度小于光束参数时,其影响显著;当洛伦兹部分的光束参数较大或高斯部分的光束参数较小时,结构常数的影响较明显且随传输距离的增大而增强。

超洛伦兹-高斯光束SLG_(11)模的分数傅里叶变换特性

引入了一簇互相正交的超洛伦兹-高斯光束以描述半导体激光器所产生的大角度高阶模远场分布。将分数傅里叶变换应用于超洛伦兹-高斯光束SLG11模的传输特性的研究中。利用傅里叶变换的卷积原理,导出了SLG11模经分数傅里叶变换系统后场分布的解析表达式。根据所得到的公式进行了数值计算,系统分析了分数傅里叶变换阶数和光束各参数对SLG11模在分数傅里叶变换面上光强分布的影响。结果显示:SLG11模在分数傅里叶变换面上的归一化强度分布随分数傅里叶变换的阶数呈周期性变化,周期为2;随着光束参数的增大,SLG11模在分数傅里叶变换面上的光斑尺寸增大。

超短洛仑兹脉冲光束的远场频谱特性

研究了超短洛仑兹脉冲光束的远场频谱特性,给出了频率域中超短洛仑兹脉冲光束在自由空间传输的解析表达式,数值模拟了超短洛仑兹脉冲光束在不同传输距离处轴上和离轴的功率谱及在远场时不同衍射角的功率谱.结果表明,在远场衍射角不为0时,超短洛仑兹脉冲光束的光谱有红移现象,并且衍射角越大,红移量越大.

非傍轴洛伦兹光束的传输特性研究

基于光强二阶矩理论,推导出非傍轴洛伦兹光束的远场发散角、近场发散角、束腰宽度以及光束传输因子的解析表达式,并通过数值模拟,得到它们与对应束腰宽度以及波长的关系。结果表明:与非傍轴高斯光束相比,在满足二极管激光器物理机制的条件下,非傍轴洛伦兹光束更符合二极管激光束的实际情况,因此,非傍轴洛伦兹光束更适用于描述二极管激光器等光源尺寸小且发散程度较大的激光光源。

径向洛伦兹阵列光束在自由空间的传输特性

推导出有初始相位分布的径向洛伦兹阵列光束在自由空间传输的解析公式,用以研究相干合成光束在自由空间的传输特性。结果表明:在远场,具有不同相位分布的光束光强剖面成为空心形状,具有相同相位分布的光束光强剖面中心为亮斑。合成光束束宽和桶中功率与子光束束腰宽度、径向阵列的初始相位分布和半径有关。对所得结果用数值计算例做了说明。当阵列半径较大和束腰宽度较小时,具有不同相位分布和相同相位的光束束宽随传输距离的变化曲线和桶中功率都趋于一致。

探究地磁场对彩色显像管成像的影响

关于显像管电视机的成像原理,高中物理教材仅关注运动的带电粒子在偏转线圈提供的磁场中的偏转.但在实际生活中,地磁场也会对电视机显像管中运动带电粒子的轨迹产生影响.本文立足于高中生的认知能力,从生活实例出发,分析地磁场对彩色显像管成像的影响,细化建模过程,给出真实参数,凸显科学研究方法在教学中的应用,使教学内容与现代科技和生活实际相联系,从而将培养学生的核心素养落实在日常教学之中.

关于电子束运动问题的讨论

指出一些文献所给出电子束运动的结论是不妥的 ,并用电磁场规律讨论两平行电子间的相互作用问题。