Quantitative Application to a Polypill by the Development of Stability Indicating LC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Atenolol and Losartan Potassium

Polypill is a fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing three or more drugs in a single pill with the intention of reducing the number of tablets or capsules that need to be taken. Developing a single analytical method for the estimation of individual drugs in a Polypill is very challenging, due to the formation of drug-drug and drug-excipients interaction impurities. Here an attempt was made to develop a new, sensitive, single stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Aspirin (ASP) Atorvastatin (ATV), Atenolol (ATL) and Losartan potassium (LST) in a polypill form in the presence of degradation products. Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 stationary phase with simple mobile phase combination of buffer and Acetonitrile. Buffer consists of 0.1% Orthophosphoric acid (pH 2.9), delivered in a gradient mode and quantitation was carried out using ultraviolet detection at 230 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The retention times of Atenolol, Aspirin, Losartan potassium, and Atorvastatin were 3.3, 7.6, 10.7 and 12.9 min respectively. The combination drug product are exposed to thermal, acid/base hydrolytic, humidity and oxidative stress conditions, and the stressed samples were analyzed by proposed method. The method was validated with respect to linearity;the method was linear in the range of 37.5 to 150.0 μg/mL for ASP, 5.0 to 20.0 μg/mL for ATV and 25.0 to 100.0 μg/mL for ATL and LST. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve ranges. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of Starpill tablets constituting all the four drugs;the percentage recoveries obtained were 99.60% for ASP, 99.30% for ATV, 99.41% for ATL and 99.62% for LST.

AP assembled on ultrafine aluminum particle and its application to NEPE propellant

Coating modification is an important way to enhance the reactivity of aluminum powder.In this paper,ammonium perchlorate and aluminum powder were assembled into energetic microunits by liquid deposition method.Spherical particles with AP as shell and ultrafine aluminum powder as the core(Al@AP)were gained.The micromorphology results show that the coated particles are about 5μm,and the coating layer is evenly distributed on the outer surface of aluminum powder,indicating a complete coating.The energetic microunits were implanted into the nitrate ester plasticizing adhesive system(NEPE)as solid phase fillers.The effect of filler on the rheological properties,safety,mechanical properties,thermal reaction and energy properties of the system was analyzed by comparing with the raw aluminum filler.The test results show that the rheological properties,mechanical properties and pressure index of NEPE containing system Al@AP meets the requirements of solid propellant charging.Compared with Al based propellant,the mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity are decreased,the safety is better,and the explosion heat of the propellant is increased by 7.8%.The engine test shows that the specific impulse is increased by 1.2 s.Al@AP can improve the energy output and safety of NEPE propellant,and has potential application prospects in high-energy propellants.

The Role of Impulsivity and Addiction in Gambling Behaviors: How Applied Neuroscience Research Can Help in the Monitoring and Management of Mental Health Issues

One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .

Exploring Nominalization in English Abstracts of Applied Linguistics Research Articles:A Comparative Study Between Chinese and International Journals

Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.

Science and reflections: With some thoughts to young applied scientists and engineers

I provide some science and reflections from my experiences working in geophysics,along with connections to computational and data sciences,including recent developments in machine learning.I highlight several individuals and groups who have influenced me,both through direct collaborations as well as from ideas and insights that I have learned from.While my reflections are rooted in geophysics,they should also be relevant to other computational scientific and engineering fields.I also provide some thoughts for young,applied scientists and engineers.

Construction and Application Exploration of Smart Agriculture Based on Big Data Technology

Big data finds extensive application and many fields.It brings new opportunities for the development of agriculture.Using big data technology to promote the development of smart agriculture can greatly improve the effect of agricultural planting,reduce the input of manpower and material resources,and lay a solid foundation for the realization of agricultural modernization.In this regard,this paper briefly analyzes the construction and application of smart agriculture based on big data technology,hoping to provide some valuable insights for readers.

A Study of English Grammar Teaching and Cultural Introduction from the Perspective of Applied Linguistics

Grammar teaching is the main content of university English teaching,and the quality of teaching will affect the effect of university talent cultivation.Based on the perspective of applied linguistics,it is crucial to use cultural introduction teaching for English grammar teaching.This paper will combine the basic concepts of applied linguistics and cultural introduction teaching,analyze the role of using the cultural introduction teaching method to innovate grammar teaching mode under the perspective of applied linguistics,and put forward a scientific English grammar teaching strategy with the goal of improving teaching quality.

A Study on the Utilization of Applied Linguistics in Contemporary English Teaching

In the context of globalization,the importance of teaching English as a common language in the world becomes increasingly apparent.Applied Linguistics belongs to one of the sub-disciplines of linguistics,which plays an important role in contemporary English teaching.The knowledge of applied linguistics can help students learn the grammar,semantics,vocabulary,writing,and other contents in English,deepen their knowledge and understanding of English,and enhance the effectiveness of English teaching.This paper mainly describes the important role played by English linguistics in English teaching and focuses on its utilization strategies in the hope of providing references on this topic.

A Study on the Application of Evidence-Based Nursing in The Care of Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Objective: To explore the application research of evidence-based nursing in the care of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: This study focuses on evidence-based nursing care of severe acute pancreatitis. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis who received treatment in our hospital were selected, from which 80 cases were chosen for detailed analysis. The patients were randomly grouped into a control group (conventional nursing care) and a study group (evidence-based nursing care), with 40 patients each. Relevant research data were recorded during the nursing process, analyzed, and used as research indicators. Results: The hospitalization time and morbidity and mortality rate of the research group were shorter than those of the control group, and the recovery rate was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with severe acute pancreatitis, the use of evidence-based nursing methods effectively reduced the patient’s mortality rate, improved its curative effect, and also shortened the patient’s hospitalization time.

Values and Paths of Ideological and Political Education in College English Teaching in Applied Universities

As the state promotes teaching reform with the goal of ideological and political education,the teaching of various disciplines in colleges and universities is facing new challenges and novel research topics.In applied colleges and universities,as a compulsory course of general education,the ideological and political education elements have not been deeply explored,and the function of ideological and political education that should be undertaken by English teaching has not been fully realized.This paper analyzes the value of ideological and political education in college English in applied colleges and universities and discusses the effective path of ideological and political education in college English in applied colleges and universities from the four levels of teachers,teaching materials,teaching methods,and curriculum.

Construction and Practice of Education and Teaching Quality Assurance Systems in Applied Colleges and Universities under the Background of Digital Intelligence

This paper discusses the optimization strategy of education and teaching quality assurance systems in applied colleges and universities under the background of digital intelligence.It first summarizes the relevant theories of digital intelligence transformation and analyzes the impact of digital intelligence transformation on higher education.Secondly,this paper puts forward the principles of constructing the quality assurance system of applied colleges,including strengthening the quality assurance consciousness,improving teachers’digital literacy,and implementing digital intelligence governance.From the practical perspective,this paper expounds on strategies such as optimizing educational teaching resource allocation,constructing a diversified evaluation system of teaching quality,strengthening the construction and training of teaching staff,and innovating teaching management methods.Specific optimization measures are put forward,such as improving policies,regulations,and system guarantees,strengthening cooperation between schools and enterprises,integrating industry,school,and research,building an educational information platform,and improving the monitoring and feedback mechanism of educational quality.

Losartan和CGRP对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用的影响

目的比较非肽类血管紧张素Ⅱ受体Ⅰ型阻断剂氯沙坦(Losartan)和血管活性肽降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用的影响,为探讨此两类物质的降压机制提供实验依据。方法采用MTT,3H-参入法和流式细胞仪分别测定血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激下,Losartan或CGRP干预下血管平滑肌细胞的增殖变化,W est-ern b loting法测定不同状态下血管平滑肌细胞内ERK1/2的活性变化。结果Losartan或CGRP能抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激下血管平滑肌细胞的生存率、DNA合成、细胞周期增殖指数,以及细胞内ERK1/2的活性,并呈剂量依赖性。而且,CGRP抑制作用强于Losartan。结论Losartan或CGRP能抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激下血管平滑肌细胞增殖,其细胞内的信号传导途径与ERK1/2有关。

Losartan(科素亚)和卡托普利治疗高血压病的对照研究

目的：评价科素亚同卡托普利治疗高血压病的疗效及其对血脂、肾功能及副作用的影响。方法：５９ 例原发性高血压患者给予Ｌｏｓａｒｔａｎ（科素亚）剂量５０～１００ｍ ｇ／天，治疗六周，对照组５６ 例服用卡托普利，剂量２５ｍ ｇ／次，每天２～３次。治疗前后所有参与者测血压和测定胆固醇、甘油三酯、肾功能。结果：监测血压显示Ｌｏｓａｒｔａｎ 组降压与卡托普利对照组无差异，对胆固醇、甘油三酯没有影响，有降低尿酸的作用，与卡托普利对照组相比，咳嗽发生率低，并能改善肾功能及保护内皮细胞功能。结论：科素亚同卡托普利治疗轻、中度高血压病安全、有效，对血脂、肾功能无影响。科素亚有降低尿酸的作用。

Losartan和人参对实验性大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡影响的比较研究

目的 研究Losartan和人参对缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响 ,比较Losartan和人参对缺血再灌注心肌细胞损伤的保护作用。方法 结扎Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支 ,建立大鼠缺血再灌注动物模型 ,采用末端标记原位细胞凋亡法检测心肌细胞凋亡 ,并利用光学显微镜进行细胞计数。结果 单纯缺血 再灌注组心肌细胞凋亡数较假手术组明显增多(37 5± 9 2 2 /视野vs 0 18± 0 0 91/视野 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,Losartan组和人参组心肌细胞凋亡数分别为 6 5 0± 3 5 9/视野和 8 74± 3 5 1/视野 ,较单纯缺血 再灌注组明显减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Losartan和人参两组间无明显区别 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 缺血再灌注可引起明显的心肌细胞凋亡 ,Losartan和人参对缺血再灌注心肌损伤具有相似的保护作用 ,均可明显减少缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡。

神经肽Y刺激血管平滑肌增殖和losartan的干预作用

目的 :探讨神经肽Y和肾素 -血管紧张素系统之间的相互作用与高血压疾病发生之间的关系。方法 :应用快速微量MTT比色法和荧光免疫组化定量技术 ,观察神经肽Y对体外培养血管平滑肌细胞增殖活度和血管平滑肌细胞核细胞增殖抗原表达的影响以及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂losartan对其影响的干预作用。结果 :神经肽Y可刺激体外培养血管平滑肌细胞的增殖、使其增殖活度 (MTT -OD值 )和细胞内核增殖抗原(PCNA)的表达明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。而losartan则可降低神经肽Y对血管平滑肌细胞增殖活度 (MTT -OD值 )的刺激作用 ,减少细胞内核增殖抗原 (PCNA)的表达。结论 :神经肽Y可促进体外培养的血管平滑肌细胞的增殖 。

Bioequivalent Evaluation of Two Brands of Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Compound Tablets in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers

Aim To evaluate the bioequivalence of two brands of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide （50 mg/12.5 mg） compound tablets in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Methods An open, randomized, single-dose, two-period cross-over study with a wash-out period of 7 d was conducted. Twenty healthy male volunteers were given a single dose 50 mg losartan/12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide of either test （T） or reference （R） compound tablets, respectively. Blood samples were collected up to 48 h after oral administration. The concentrations of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma were determined by a validated HPLC-ESI-MS method. Results In the case of losartan, the 90% confidence intervals of two one-side test for percent ratios with a significant level （α） of 0. 05 were 86% - 112% for AUC0-12 and 89% - 134% for Cmax, respectively, which were within the interval proposed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 80% - 125% of AUC and 70% - 143% of Cmax, respectively. Similarly, the 90% confidence intervals for percent ratios were 85% - 100% and 75% - 102% for hydrochlorothiazide, both of which fell into the accepted interval. Conclusion Two immediate-release compound tablets of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide are bioequivalent from a statistical standpoint in the extent and rate of absorption from the single-dose study in healthy Chinese male volunteers.

Losartan延缓肾纤维化机制探讨

目的 研究 L osartan对肾小球系膜细胞 (MCs)结缔组织生长因子 (CTGF)表达的影响。进一步探讨 L osartan延缓肾纤维化的机制。方法 将体外培养的 MCs分为 3组 :1正常对照组 ,未加任何刺激因素 ;2浓度为 10 - 5mol/L 的 Ang 组 ;3Ang 中加入 10 - 5m ol/L 的 L osartan组。分别刺激 MCs72小时后 ,提取细胞RNA,采用逆转录 -聚合酶链反应技术测定 MCs CTGF m RNA水平变化。结果 L osartan干预 72小时后 ,MCsCTGF m RNA表达水平较 Ang 组下降 2 5 .1%,但仍高于对照 ,为对照组的 1.95倍。结论 L osartan通过部分抑制 Ang 对 CTGF m RNA表达的诱导而有益于延缓肾纤维化的进展 ,这可能是 L osartan延缓肾纤维化的机制。

Losartan对神经肽Y诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖的逆转作用

目的 :观察神经肽Y(NPY)与血管紧张素受体拮抗剂losartan对体外培养的血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)中PCNA、PDGF、c -myc癌基因表达的影响 ,从分子生物学的角度探讨NPY在高血压、动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用和losartan的逆转作用。方法 :应用荧光免疫组化定量技术 (ACAS5 70共聚焦激光扫描显微细胞仪 )。结果 :NPY刺激VSMC增殖 ,使其PCNA、PDGF和c -myc癌基因的表达明显高于对照组 ;losartan则可逆转NPY对VSMC增殖的刺激作用 ,使PCNA、PDGF和c -myc癌基因表达的平均荧光值降低。结论 :NPY促进VSMC的增殖 ,其作用与高血压的发生有关 ;而losartan对高血压的治疗作用可能与拮抗NPY对VSMC增殖的刺激作用有关。

环孢菌素A致大鼠肾小管间质细胞凋亡及Losartan、Enalapril的保护作用

以低盐饮食 (钠含量 0 .0 5 % )饲养大鼠 7天后随机分成①对照组 ,②CsA处理组 ,③CsA +盐酸维拉帕米处理组 ,④CsA +Losartan处理组 ,⑤CsA +Enalapril处理组。CsA皮下注射剂量为 15mg/ (kg·d) ,连续 4周。用TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞 ,免疫组化方法观察增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)、Fas抗原表达。结果发现CsA处理后大鼠肾小管间质凋亡细胞较对照组明显增加 ,增殖细胞也有代偿性增加 ,肾小管上皮细胞Fas抗原表达增多。与CsA处理组相比 ,Losartan、Enalapril处理组肾小管间质细胞凋亡和Fas抗原表达明显减少。结果提示CsA可促进肾小管间质细胞凋亡 ,导致肾小管间质纤维化 ,Fas可能是介导肾小管细胞凋亡的重要介质。Losartan、Enalapril对CsA所致的肾小管间质细胞凋亡有保护作用。