Characterization and prevention of formation damage for fractured carbonate reservoir formations with low permeability

Stress sensitivity and water blocking in fractured carbonate reservoir formations with low permeability were determined as the main potential damage mechanisms during drilling and completion operations in the ancient buried hill Ordovician reservoirs in the Tarim Basin. Geological structure, lithology, porosity, permeability and mineral components all affect the potential for formation damage. The experimental results showed that the permeability loss was 83.8%-98.6% caused by stress sensitivity, and was 27.9%-48.1% caused by water blocking. Based on the experimental results, several main conclusions concerning stress sensitivity can be drawn as follows： the lower the core permeability and the smaller the core fracture width, the higher the stress sensitivity. Also, stress sensitivity results in lag effect for both permeability recovery and fracture closure. Aimed at the mechanisms of formation damage, a modified low-damage mixed metal hydroxide （MMH） drilling fluid system was developed, which was mainly composed of low-fluorescence shale control agent, filtration control agent, lowfluorescence lubricant and surfactant. The results of experimental evaluation and field test showed that the newly-developed drilling fluid and engineering techniques provided could dramatically increase the return permeability （over 85%） of core samples. This drilling fluid had such advantages as good rheological and lubricating properties, high temperature stability, and low filtration rate （API filtration less than 5 ml after aging at 120 ℃ for 4 hours）. Therefore, fractured carbonate formations with low permeability could be protected effectively when drilling with the newly-developed drilling fluid. Meanwhile, field test showed that both penetration rate and bore stability were improved and the soaking time of the drilling fluid with formation was sharply shortened, indicating that the modified MMH drilling fluid could meet the requirements of drilling engineering and geology.

Reservoir Characterization of Carbonate in Low Resistivity Pays Zones in the Buwaib Formation, Persian Gulf

Carbonate reservoir characterization and estimation of fluid saturation seem more challenging in the low resistivity pay zone (LRPZ). The Lower Cretaceous Buwaib Formation is important reservoir in the Persian Gulf. The formation in the Salman Field is divided into three reservoir zones and four barriers and tight zones. These reservoir zones show low resistivity characteristics, high fluid saturation, but good oil production. In some intervals resistivity responses reach less than 1 ohm•m. Petrophysical properties measured from laboratory and logging tools have been combined with thin section X-ray diffraction (XRD) and PNN (Pulse Neutron Neutron). Geological studies define presence of 8 facies from wackeston to packstone. In general, reservoir potential of the Buwaib Formation is under influenced by the development of lithocodium mound facies that along with moderate to high porosity intervals. Micritization and pyritization of digenetic process along with clay-coated grains, carbonate with interstitial dispersed clay have conspicuous impact on LRPZ. Based on XRD analysis, Montmorillonite and Kaolinite of main clays types have high CEC and greater impact on lowering resistivity. To describe pore systems of rocks, the Lønøy method applied to address pore throat sizes which contain mudstone micro porosity related to lithocodium mound facies and uniform interparticle at class 3 Lucia as pore size varies from 0.2 to 10 micron. Some constraints were defined to estimate reliable water saturation that checked by sigma logs. Water saturation is 42%, 34% and 40% respectively in BL1, BL2 and BL3 zones.

Genesis of the low-permeability reservoir bed of upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang gas field,western Sichuan Depression

The genesis of a reservoir is a result of the combined action of deposition, diagenesis, tectonic reworking, and interaction of rock and fluid and the evolutionary environment. We discuss the genetic and evolution mechanism of a low-permeability reservoir bed of the Xujiahe Formation in the western Sichuan Depression on the basis of the study of diagenesis, diagenetic reservoir facies and the diagenetic evolution sequence. The research indicated that this reservoir bed can be divided into five types of diagenetic reservoir facies, namely strong dissolution, chlorite-lined intergranular pores, compaction and pressure solution, carbonate cementation and secondary quartz increase. There are, however, just two diagenetic reservoir facies which provide low-permeability reservoir beds, namely strong dissolution and chlorite-lined intergranular pores. We also analyzed their diagenetic evolution sequences and the origin of the low-permeability reservoir bed. Besides, it was also indicated that the composition and structure of sandstones, types of sedimentary microfacies, diagenesis history as well as the tectonic reworking in later periods are the main factors controlling the formation of the low-permeability reservoir bed. The above- mentioned factors establish the foundation for the forecasting the distribution of high quality reservoir beds.

Analysis on the Influence of Spring Low Temperature on the Agriculture and the Formation Reason in Liaoning Province in 2010

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of spring low temperature on the agriculture and the formation reason in Liaoning Province in 2010. [Method] Based on the synoptics analysis principle, by analyzing the atmospheric circulation situation and satellite cloud map, the influence of spring low temperature on the agriculture and the formation reason of low temperature weather in Liaoning Province during April-May, 2010 were discussed. [Result] The high-altitude situation analysis showed that it was two-trough-two-ridge situation in the high latitude of Eurasia in April, 2010. Ural Mountains high-pressure ridge strengthened to move eastward. Lake Baikal cold air went down toward the southeast along the front of ridge and strengthened into the cold vortex. Liaoning was in the front of cold vortex. Affected by the cold vortex, the temperature in Liaoning area was low. In the first dekad of May, 2010, the activity of cold air was frequent. There were two times cold vortex influence, and the temperature was still low. In the later period of middle dekad of May, the warm ridge entered, and the temperature rose. The high-altitude trough and the low-level jet were the main system and the dynamic condition of precipitation generation respectively. The cold vortex was the main reason of spring continuous low temperature generation, and the secondary reason was the more precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the reference basis for the prevention and prediction of spring low temperature in Liaoning Province.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

This paper reports that the low-temperature heat capacities of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid were measured by a precision automatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 78 K to 380 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of temperature was fitted by the least-squares method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at intervals of 5 K. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound was determined by means of a precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound was derived from the constant-volume energy of combustion. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was calculated from a combination of the datum of the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a Hess thermochemical cycle.

碎软低渗煤储层强化与煤层气地面开发技术进展

我国碎软低渗煤储层分布广泛,然而由于其煤体松软、破碎、渗透性差,常规的直井/水平井煤储层直接压裂技术应用于碎软低渗煤储层强化及其煤层气地面开发的效果并不理想,碎软低渗煤储层煤层气的高效开发是制约我国煤层气产业大规模发展以及煤矿瓦斯高效治理的重要技术瓶颈。在系统分析我国碎软低渗煤储层特征及煤层气地面开发中存在的问题基础上,以水平井为基础井型,围绕间接压裂、应力释放和先固结后压裂3种不同的技术方向,梳理了目前碎软低渗煤储层强化与煤层气地面开发技术进展。归纳评述了以顶板间接压裂、夹矸层间接压裂以及硬煤分层间接压裂为内涵的间接压裂煤层气开发技术,以水力喷射造穴、气体动力造穴、扩孔+水力喷射+流体加卸载诱导失稳造穴、水力割缝为不同应力释放方式的应力释放煤层气开发技术,以及先微生物诱导碳酸钙固结碎软煤储层再进行水力压裂的先固结后压裂煤层气开发技术。间接压裂技术的工程实践探索已有较多积累,在地质条件适宜地区对碎软低渗煤储层强化取得了较好效果,而以应力释放为代表的碎软低渗煤储层强化新技术探索已取得重大进展,并进入工程试验和验证阶段。水平井应力释放技术针对碎软低渗煤储层特性和新的开发原理,其对储层改造潜力更大、煤层气开发效果会更好。基于水平井应力释放技术,围绕扩大应力释放范围、提高煤层气开发效果以及实现煤与煤层气共采3个方面,对碎软低渗煤储层强化及煤层气地面开发技术的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为改善我国碎软低渗煤储层增产改造效果以及提高煤层气单井产量提供参考。

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)-phenol (C_8H_(11)NO)

This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of 4-（2-aminoethyl）-phenol （C8H11NO） are measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by the least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15K were calculated and tabulated at the interval of 5K. The energy equivalent, εcalor, of the oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter has been determined from 0.68g of NIST 39i benzoic acid to be εcalor=（14674.69±17.49）J·K^-1. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter to be ΔcU=-（32374.25±12.93）J·g^-1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion for the compound was calculated to be ΔcHm = -（4445.47 ± 1.77） kJ·mol^-1 according to the definition of enthalpy of combustion and other thermodynamic principles. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was derived to be ΔfHm（C8H11NO, s）=-（274.68 ±2.06） kJ·mol^-1, in accordance with Hess law.

辽河西部凹陷低熟油的高分辨质谱特征及其成因机制

辽河西部凹陷低熟油资源丰富,不同类型稠油的成因机制差异尚不清楚,解决上述问题对辽河稠油的勘探工作具有指导意义。本文采用色谱/质谱(GC/MS)结合傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)技术对辽河西部凹陷北部高升和牛心坨油田低熟油的特征及其成因机制进行研究。高升原油形成于强还原咸水水体,有机质为菌藻类低等生物与陆源的双重贡献。牛心坨原油形成于还原性半咸水水体,有机质来源为低等微生物和陆源有机质双重输入,具有高蜡特征。成熟度参数表明二者均为低熟油。两种低熟油中均检测到N_(1)、N_(1)O_(1)、N_(1)O_(2)、O_(1)、O_(2)、O_(3)、O_(4)化合物,高升低熟油以N_(1)类为主,牛心坨低熟油以O_(2)类为主;前者富含脂肪酸和藿烷酸,后者富含脂肪酸,藿烷酸含量较低,反映两种原油成因机制的差异。高升低熟油中大量的藿烷酸表明其生烃母质在早期成岩作用阶段经历了细菌改造作用,低熟油为细菌改造有机质低温生烃和藻类类脂低温生烃混合成因机制。牛心坨低熟油富含脂肪酸和高等植物蜡质,成因机制为生物类脂物早期低温生烃。两种低熟油的成因机制,为低熟油成因理论提供了研究方法,有助于完善低熟油成因理论并指导类似盆地低熟油油气勘探。

海上油田低渗储层岩石扩容低效原因及储层改造工艺

针对岩石扩容技术在低渗储层作业时间长、易损坏井下工具及应用低效等问题,提出将岩石力学领域的碎胀扩容机理用于石油工程储层改造的新思路。开展了岩石扩容工艺数值模拟敏感性及作业井例分析,分析了岩石碎胀微观机理,提出了前置简易水力压裂和岩石扩容、爆燃压裂和岩石扩容联作等实现岩石碎胀扩容工艺路径,并指出了下一步数值模拟、物理模拟、裂缝监测等技术研究方向。结果表明:物性越差扩容效果逐渐变差,是低渗储层岩石扩容低效的主因;岩石碎胀扩容储层改造工艺可利用多种工艺技术组合形成复杂缝网,从而提高现有改造技术实施效果。本文研究成果可对海上低渗储层改造工艺的进一步发展和优选提供参考。

金坛盆地始新统阜宁组四段页岩油地质条件

为评价以金坛盆地为代表的苏南新生代残留盆地非常规油气勘探潜力,以金坛盆地J9井钻井、岩心、测井及分析测试资料为基础,开展阜宁组四段岩石沉积特征、有机地球化学特征、矿物组成特征、储层特征等地质条件分析。研究结果表明:金坛盆地阜四段形成于浅湖—半深湖为主的半封闭—封闭咸化沉积环境,具有泥页岩厚度大(深凹带大于250 m)、总有机碳(TOC)含量偏低(平均为1.02%)、热演化成熟度(R_(o))中低(介于0.81%~0.85%)的特征,具备一定的成烃物质基础。阜四段泥页岩发育裂缝、孔隙两类储集空间,具备良好的储集性能,同时脆性矿物含量较高,有利于后期的压裂改造。结合已有钻孔油气显示情况,认为苏南地区茅山构造推覆带前排的金坛盆地阜四段具备中低成熟度页岩油勘探潜力。

渤海A油田馆陶组低阻油层成因机理研究及流体性质识别新方法

低阻油层作为一种非常规、隐蔽性强的特殊油层,勘探潜力巨大。研究区低阻油层的形成受多重因素的影响,测井响应特征在油水层的对比度较低,造成测井解释困难。为此,首先从宏观和微观两个方面深入分析低阻油层的成因机理;其次,将测井、气测录井以及生产开发资料相结合,针对研究区气测烃组分数据的特点,改进了含油气丰度计算方法用以定量识别低阻油层。结果表明:弱水动力环境和压实作用是低阻油层的宏观成因,孔隙结构复杂导致的高束缚水饱和度是普遍微观成因,天然淡水水淹成藏模式导致的油水层矿化度差异是主控成因。改进的含油气丰度能够有效定量的识别研究区低阻油层,解释符合率达到84.7%,可以为渤海A油田低阻油层的挖潜工作提供定量依据。

低丰度致密砂岩天然气分布特征及充注过程半定量评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地定北地区上古生界为例

鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩气藏为天然气运移路径上的滞留气藏,气藏充注程度低、丰度低、产气量低、气水关系复杂,天然气是否有效充注、充注程度如何均不明确。为此,以鄂尔多斯盆地定北地区上古生界致密砂岩气藏为例,基于岩心、测井、地震、生产动态等资料,厘清了天然气分布特征,并综合烃源岩、砂体以及断裂分布空间组合关系,确定了天然气充注方式,再根据充注点、充注动力和阻力,确定了优势充注路径,最后开展了不同充注路径下的气水分布评价。研究结果表明:(1)上古生界致密砂岩气层主要为下二叠统太原组2段第2层(太2-2层)、第3层(太2-3层)与中二叠统下石盒子组1段,同时存在气层、气水同层以及水层,气水关系复杂,气井产量差异大,存在局部高产气井;(2)致密砂岩气藏天然气充注点可分为源储邻近充注点、近源充注点以及远源充注点3类,天然气充注方式可分为砂体源内充注、砂体叠置纵横扩散充注、储集体内断裂沟通跨砂体充注以及复合充注4类;(3)建立了天然气充注路径评价参数充注动力(P_(M))和充注阻力(P_(D)),P_(M)越小,充注动力越强,P_(D)越小,充注阻力越小,P_(M)大且P_(D)小,则充注动力损失小,从充注点到井点的充注动力最强、阻力最小,为天然气优势充注路径;(4)确定了4大类11小类气水分布类型和4类充注方式下气水分布规律,其中研究区西部源内充注、近源充注、断砂有利配置充注均可形成较高丰度的天然气富集,东西部远源充注和断砂较有利配置充注可形成较低丰度的天然气富集。结论认为,该研究成果不仅可以为该区目的层寻找充注程度更高的天然气富集区提供依据,也能够在低丰度气藏区的天然气充注优势区进行有效评价,较传统方法更加精细,更适合单个气藏的精细评价。

鄂尔多斯盆地西部古峰庄地区三叠系延长组裂缝特征及其对低渗透油藏的控制作用

[研究目的]鄂尔多斯盆地西部古峰庄地区三叠系延长组属于低渗透储层,天然裂缝较为发育,以往对裂缝特征研究较少,开展天然裂缝特征和形成时期研究对低渗透油藏勘探开发具有重要作用。[研究方法]文章通过野外露头、钻井岩心、成像测井、扫描电镜裂缝识别和流体包裹体、断裂活动、构造应力分析等方法展开了古峰庄地区延长组天然裂缝特征和控藏作用研究。[研究结果]延长组各段天然裂缝均发育,以长7段最为发育,其次为长8、长6段;裂缝以高角度裂缝和垂直裂缝为主,走向以NEE向为主,NE向次之,少量NW和NWW向;裂缝面可见方解石充填和明显过油痕迹。天然裂缝发育程度与岩层厚度、断裂活动密切相关。裂缝形成时期具有多期性,主要为燕山期和喜马拉雅期。[结论]延长组天然裂缝的发育改善了研究区低渗透储层的孔渗能力和储集空间,为低渗透油藏运移、储集和富集提供了良好条件,其发育程度与形成时期影响着低渗透油藏的成藏和产能。

Diagenesis-porosity evolution and“sweet spot”distribution of low permeability reservoirs:A case study from Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag,Pear River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea

The characteristics of low permeability reservoirs and distribution of sweet spots in the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang A sag, Pearl River Basin were investigated by core observation and thin section analysis. The study results show that there develop the fine, medium and coarse sandstone reservoirs of tidal flat–fan delta facies, which are of mostly low permeability and locally medium permeability. There are two kinds of pore evolution patterns: oil charging first and densification later, the reservoirs featuring this pattern are mainly in the third member of Zhuhai Formation between the south fault zone and the sixth fault zone, and the pattern of densification first and gas charging later is widespread across the study area. Strong compaction and local calcium cementation are the key factors causing low permeability of the reservoirs in the Zhuhai Formation. Thick and coarse grain sand sedimentary body is the precondition to form "sweet spot" reservoirs. Weak compaction and cementation, dissolution, early hydrocarbon filling and authigenic chlorite coating are the main factors controlling formation of "sweet spot" reservoir. It is predicted that there develop between the south fault and sixth fault zones the Class Ⅰ "sweet spot" in medium compaction zone, Class Ⅱ "sweet spot" in nearly strong compaction zone, Class Ⅲ "sweet spot" reservoir in the nearly strong to strong compaction zone with oil charging at early stage, and Class IV "sweet spot" reservoir in the strong compaction and authigenic chlorite coating protection zone in the sixth fault zone.

龙凤山气田易漏井不承压泡沫水泥浆固井技术

中国石化龙凤山地区面临井温高、地层承压能力低、周期长、承压堵漏成本高等系列固井技术难题,导致固井周期长、费用高且固井质量无法保证等。为解决上述问题,在分析工区现有固井工艺的基础上,提出了不承压泡沫水泥浆固井设计思路,形成了龙凤山地区不承压泡沫水泥浆固井工艺,建立了泡沫水泥浆井内密度及恒密度注气固井计算方法与固井工艺;优选了发泡剂、降失水剂和早强剂等泡沫水泥浆关键外加剂,开发了新型低密度泡沫水泥浆体系,耐温性可达到120℃以上,泡沫半衰期大于420 s、水泥浆30 min失水32 mL、48 h强度13.3 MPa,各项性能均可满足中石化龙凤山气田高温、深井固井要求;形成了适合于龙凤山气田泡沫水泥浆固井技术。现场11口井应用表明,该项技术能够有效提高固井质量,避免了固井前承压、分级或尾管固井作业,平均节约承压堵漏周期7 d以上,经济效益显著。龙凤山气田泡沫水泥浆固井技术对解决中国石化其他工区深井、高温井固井漏失、承压堵漏等难题具有重要借鉴意义和可持续性推广价值。

准噶尔盆地环东道海子凹陷侏罗系煤层气成藏条件及勘探方向

为了明确准噶尔盆地环东道海子凹陷侏罗系煤层气勘探方向,开展了煤层连井对比、井-震标定和地震资料解释以及煤层测、录井资料分析。研究结果表明:①准噶尔盆地侏罗系西山窑组和八道湾组煤层发育,厚度较大,分布稳定,其中西山窑组发育2~3层煤层,累计最大厚度为20 m,八道湾组发育2~4层煤层,累计最大厚度为29 m。煤岩含气性好,录井气测异常明显。②环东道海子凹陷内中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩为中等—好烃源岩,Ro为0.6%~0.8%,处于低成熟—成熟阶段,具有较好的生气能力;天然气碳同位素分析结果显示,煤层气亦可来源于深部高成熟腐殖型有机质。③研究区西山窑组煤岩为中—低孔、低渗储层,孔隙度为7.0%~20.8%,渗透率为0.32~8.67 mD;八道湾组煤岩为低孔、中—低渗储层,孔隙度为5.6%~7.8%,渗透率为2.30~13.83 mD;煤层夹于泥岩之间且煤层之上区域性泥岩盖层分布广泛,封盖保存条件好。④研究区存在凹陷区源内煤层气富集成藏和凸起区深部外源气富集成藏等2种模式。环东道海子凹陷煤层气勘探潜力较大,特别是凹陷北东方向斜坡区和凹陷北部斜坡—滴南凸起区。

低密度有机-无机互穿网络堵漏体系研究

采用常规可固化堵漏剂解决低压地层裂缝性漏失时会产生密度过大或承压不足的技术难题,因此研究低密度高抗压的堵漏体系具有重要意义。通过合成聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide,HPAM)交联形成有机网络,并优选水泥材料形成无机网络,构建低密度有机-无机互穿网络堵漏体系;采用模拟水驱实验、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、高温高压(high temprature and high pressure,HTHP)堵漏模拟实验、抗压实验等分析了堵漏体系的性能和堵漏机理。结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺交联反应形成的有机网络与水泥水化形成的无机网络通过静电力和范德华力等作用可形成互穿网络体系,体系抗压达6.3 MPa,密度为1.28 g/cm^(3),固化时间实现2~5 h可控,固化前后的酸溶率分别为87.8%和63.4%,堵漏及解堵性良好。

页岩气运移证据及其动态富集模式——以四川盆地南部深层页岩气为例

页岩气存在运移现象,但页岩气运移现象对页岩气富集的影响尚不明确。为了查明深层页岩气运移证据及其富集模式,以四川盆地南部下志留统龙马溪组深层页岩气藏为例,基于页岩气藏天然气地球化学特征、赋存于顺层低角度裂缝中方解石脉包裹体特征、储层孔隙结构,查明了页岩气运移通道及运移能力,并结合典型气藏解剖,划分了龙马溪组页岩气动态富集模式。研究结果表明:①页岩气藏流体势场指示运移方向与气体组分指示方向一致,表明页岩气存在运移现象,且赋存于顺层裂缝中的流体包裹体揭示了研究区龙马溪组页岩气存在2期运移,分别发生在生烃高峰和后期抬升阶段;②现今研究区龙马溪组页岩储层存在满足页岩气运移的孔隙,且龙马溪组页岩孔隙以满足菲克扩散的孔隙为主,其次为满足滑脱渗流的孔隙和满足达西渗流的孔隙;③页岩气运移对页岩气富集具有重要的影响,研究区可划分出高抬升过渡带富集型、断裂散失背斜过渡带富集型、断裂散失向斜核部富集型、高部位富集型、弱运移能力断裂散失型5种页岩气动态富集模式。结论认为,在地质历史时期,页岩气存在运移现象,多期次的运移现象决定了现今的页岩气富集程度与富集区的优选。

洛河组砂岩用新型无固相冻胶注浆体系

洛河组砂岩采动地层涌水频繁,严重影响了矿井安全生产。针对传统注浆体系面临渗滤效应严重和成胶性能不可控,难以实现裂隙出水有效调控的技术难题,通过分析5种天然典型岩心样品(含砾砂岩、巨粒砂岩、粗粒砂岩、中粒砂岩、细粒砂岩)的矿物组成及微观形貌,明确了孔隙微观赋存特征,构建了低成本、稳定性优异的无固相冻胶注浆体系。通过物理模拟驱替实验研究了冻胶注浆体系的注入性和封堵性能,通过核磁共振在线驱替实验研究了注浆封堵前后岩心中的孔隙分布变化特征。结果表明,孔隙直径小和孔喉连通性差是造成传统注浆体系难以顺利注入和深部运移的地质原因。由于渗滤效应的存在,传统注浆体系的固化封堵效果明显低于理论设计。以0.5%~0.6%聚丙烯酰胺、0.6%~0.7%有机胺类单体交联剂、0.07%~0.08%酚类单体交联剂和0.2%~0.3%有机酸类调节剂为原料,构建了低成本、无固相、易深部注入的新型冻胶注浆体系。该冻胶注浆体系可实现48h内成胶,180d内未见明显脱水,长期老化稳定性优异。冻胶注浆体系的注入性良好,持续冲刷岩心后的压力衰减率为7.85%~20.95%,封堵率为82.04%~92.19%。冻胶注浆体系通过占据大孔道或裂缝空间,增大渗流阻力,迫使后续流体转向,实现出水层有效封堵。该研究成果可为洛河组砂岩注浆堵水施工提供新思路。

长岭断陷龙凤山气田营城组储层非均质性研究

龙凤山气田是目前中石化在东北地区勘探开发的首个深盆致密砂岩近饱和高含油凝析气储集系统,主力含气层位营城组储层在空间上表现出了较强的非均质性特征,气层在纵向上、平面上分布规律复杂将制约后续的地质研究工作(于翠玲,2007)。通过对岩心描述和测井资料进行分析,对比地质储量和实际测试生产情况,从层内、层间和平面3个方面分析储层的宏观非均质性。