Analysis on Impacts and Co-Abatement Effects of Implementing the Low Carbon Cement Standard

Based on the MAP-CGE model,this paper simulated the impacts on the output,energy consumption and pollutant emissions of different cement production processes when implementing a low carbon cement standard in China.It also calculated the impacts on the marginal abatement cost and equilibrium price of the cement industry,and analyzed the co-abatement effects of different pollutants.The results showed that implementing the low carbon cement standard will be beneficial in promoting an upgrading of cement production processes,and strengthening the energy conservation and emission reduction in the cement industry.If there is no change in the existing technology,the cement industry will reduce SO2emissions by 1.17 kg and NOxemissions by 4.44 kg per ton of CO2emission reduction.Implementing low carbon cement standard can also promote NOxabatement in the cement industry.However,the cement industry will bear the abatement costs,and their equilibrium price will increase slightly.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

This paper reports that the low-temperature heat capacities of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid were measured by a precision automatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 78 K to 380 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of temperature was fitted by the least-squares method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at intervals of 5 K. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound was determined by means of a precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound was derived from the constant-volume energy of combustion. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was calculated from a combination of the datum of the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a Hess thermochemical cycle.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)-phenol (C_8H_(11)NO)

This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of 4-（2-aminoethyl）-phenol （C8H11NO） are measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by the least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15K were calculated and tabulated at the interval of 5K. The energy equivalent, εcalor, of the oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter has been determined from 0.68g of NIST 39i benzoic acid to be εcalor=（14674.69±17.49）J·K^-1. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter to be ΔcU=-（32374.25±12.93）J·g^-1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion for the compound was calculated to be ΔcHm = -（4445.47 ± 1.77） kJ·mol^-1 according to the definition of enthalpy of combustion and other thermodynamic principles. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was derived to be ΔfHm（C8H11NO, s）=-（274.68 ±2.06） kJ·mol^-1, in accordance with Hess law.

6LowPan技术分析

6LowPan,即IPv6overIEEE802.15.4,为低速无线个域网标准。IPv6作为网络层互连方案,6LowPan技术引起了广泛的关注。为此,介绍基于6LowPan技术,讨论技术优势,分析关键技术,重点介绍其在智能家居无线网络中的应用,对其应用前景进行展望。

Evaluation of the Implementation of a Low Emission Zone in Lisbon

The city of Lisbon, like many others in the EU region, introduced a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) as a tool for improving air quality in its city centre. This kind of emission reduction schemes is always controversial since it might lead to significant changes in the daily behaviours of its inhabitants. In order to evaluate the effects of the measure, an estimation of the impact of the introduction of the Lisbon LEZ was performed. Real traffic counting and fleet characterization combined with CORINAR-based emission inventory methodology allowed to estimate the impacts of three different scenarios applied to the “business as usual” condition (current vehicle fleet) ranging from “no circulation from non- compliant vehicles” to an “aggressive fleet renewal”. Results highlight the high percentage of atmospheric emissions of PM10 and NOx that might result from certain fleets like taxis and buses, especially because there was an emphasis in standardized/normalized estimations (emissions per 1000 vehicles) in order to allow different strategic approaches. The total reduction of PM10 emissions associated to each scenario vary between 6 ton.year-1 (scenario 2) and 8 ton.year-1 (scenario 1), or 25% and 34% less emissions. In terms of NOxemission reductions vary between 6 ton.year-1 (scenario 2) and 57 ton.year-1 (scenario 1), or 1% and 7% less emissions. The Lisbon LEZ is therefore much more efficient in reducing PM10 emissions compared to NOx. Major reduction in PM10 and NOx emissions are to be expected with a moderate intervention in the (relatively old) taxi fleet in Lisbon while for passenger cars the impact is limited. However in absolute terms and due to its urban mileage passenger cars should also continue being included in Lisbon LEZ. Simultaneously, an effort in the increase of dedicated lanes for public transport should be made, for further reductions in PM10 and NOx emissions.

我国产业园区绿色低碳发展标准化现状及建议

产业园区作为经济发展的重要载体和经济活动的集中区域,在推动各地经济发展的同时,也面临能源资源消耗大、碳排放高、环境污染严重的问题,其绿色低碳发展对于实现我国经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。标准化作为规范和引导产业发展的重要手段,在产业园区绿色低碳发展中的作用日益凸显。本文对我国产业园区现行绿色低碳相关标准进行汇总剖析,研究产业园区绿色低碳标准化方面的现状和问题,并进一步提出推进标准化工作的相关建议,有力支撑我国产业园区绿色低碳可持续发展。

低代码开发平台发展现状及标准化研究

当前,低代码开发平台迎来快速发展期,已成为应用软件开发的重要技术趋势。通过对低代码开发平台发展以及标准化现状进行梳理,提炼低代码开发平台的通用能力要求标准,并提出进一步的发展建议,为相关者开展低代码开发平台的开发、采购与使用提供参考。

“双碳”目标下我国服装行业绿色低碳循环经济标准体系建设

基于《关于加快建立健全绿色低碳循环经济发展体系的指导意见》政策文件,通过梳理我国绿色制造标准体系、工业领域碳达峰碳中和标准体系建设指南,提出服装行业绿色低碳循环经济标准体系建设建议。

Challenging the Expiry Dates of Two Mycotoxins Standards: Afla and Ochra A

Objectives: To challenge the expiry dates of low concentration high purity mycotoxins standards. Literature Review: Aflatoxins (AFs) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are persistent mycotoxins with adverse effects on humans. Mycotoxins standards are purchased to determine mycotoxin concentrations in food and may be stocked in some laboratories beyond expiry dates causing laboratories financial losses. Methods: Certified mycotoxins standards were purchased over the years from the same supplier at times and at other times from two different suppliers for quality control purposes. For AFs, six chromatographic runs for each of the mycotoxins standards were done to compare the difference among these standards having the following expiry dates (2008, 2012, 2013 and 2018). AFs standards purchased/obtained from two different suppliers in 2016 and expiring in 2018 were also compared. For OTA, the difference of concentration obtained between two years (2010 and 2018) was tested. All samples were run on a HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector. Linearity of calibration curves and the points of lowest detection were determined for AFs components and for OTA from the unexpired mycotoxins standards. Results: At a 0.05 significance level and using non parametric tests, the statistical test revealed a p of 0.166, 0.153, 0.358 and 0.03 for B1, G1, B2 and G2 respectively among years for standards from same supplier and 0.037, 0.109, 0.182 and 0.182 for B1, G1, B2 and G2 respectively for unexpired standards from two different suppliers. For OTA, a p of 0.109 was obtained for standards of different expiry dates purchased from different suppliers. Conclusion: High purity low concentration mycotoxin standards purchased a decade ago (i.e. expired) did not differ from those purchased this current year (still valid). Hence, the expiry date can be renewed reducing the laboratories expenses. Manufacturers are urged to reconsider the expiry dates.

国产磁选态铯束频率标准环境特性研究

铯原子频率标准具有长期稳定性好、可靠性高的优点,在导航定位、守时授时、通信电力、时频计量等领域有着广泛的应用。近年来由于军事领域对高精度时间频率源的需求,铯原子频标的使用环境从实验室走向了战车、舰船等机动平台。本文针对铯原子频标在战车、舰船、高原等复杂环境下的环境适应性,研究环境因素对整机指标的影响机理。通过仿真与试验对整钟设计进行优化,以提高整机在力学、热、磁场、低气压等复杂环境下的适应性。经过优化设计后的国产铯束频率标准样机通过了相关环境试验项目的考核,各项指标均满足要求。研究结果表明,铯原子钟电性能样机的稳定度优于8.73×10^(-15)/5 d,磁敏感度3.15×10^(-14)/Gauss,工作温度特性-8.18×10^(-14),这项工作为国产化铯钟的进一步应用提供了基础。

皮革领域“双碳”标准体系的构建研究

标准是经济活动和社会发展的技术支撑,是国家基础性制度的重要方面。在推进皮革领域碳达峰碳中和进程中标准也必将发挥着引领和示范作用。本文在综合分析皮革领域产业政策导向、标准体系现状和行业未来绿色低碳发展趋势的基础上,提出了皮革“双碳目标”标准体系框架;并从加快基础通用标准制修订、增加团体标准供给、强化标准宣贯培训三方面给出了皮革领域推进碳达峰碳中和标准化工作的建议。

基于多码对照的物资管理系统对低值医用耗材全链条精细化管理研究

目的:构建基于多码对照的物资管理系统,实现低值医用耗材采购、入库、出库、科室使用和计费之间联动统一。方法:分析低值医用耗材管理中存在的问题、原因及现状,采用物资编码、价表编码和医保编码对照统一的方法,设置出入库管理、采购管理、查询统计及智能监控等模块,构建基于多码对照的物资管理系统,以科室出库联动计价规范低值医用耗材收费。选取2022年7月解放军总医院普通外科、重症医学科等临床科室的300名医护人员进行问卷调查,对比基于多码对照的物资管理系统应用前后低值医用耗材请领准确性、目录管理标准化、计价与出库对照准确性、库存管理便捷性和数据监管精确性的评分差异性。结果:基于多码对照的物资管理系统实现了低值医用耗材采购、入库、出库、科室出库和计价之间的联动统一。系统应用后的请领准确性、目录管理标准化、计价与出库对照准确性、库存管理便捷性和数据监管精确性平均评分分别为(4.12±0.67)分、(4.78±0.52)分、(4.48±0.63)分、(4.78±0.33)分和(4.66±0.52)分,均高于应用前,差异有统计学意义(t=4.13、7.22、5.12、8.12、7.56,P<0.05)。结论:基于多码对照的物资管理系统应用能够实现低值医用耗材全链条精细化管理,提高耗材使用效率,规范低值医用耗材收费,降低耗材成本。

标准铂钴电阻温度计百次低温温循稳定性研究

标准铂钴电阻温度计是0.65~24.5561 K(氖三相点)温区重要的测温器件,特别是高稳定的标准铂钴电阻温度计有潜力作为温度标定和温度国际比对的数据载体。为筛选出高稳定的标准铂钴电阻温度计,在前期研究基础上,建立以制冷机为冷源的温度计低温考核装置,5 K控温稳定性达13μK,24.5561 K控温稳定性达27μK,优于当前同类考核装置公开报道的控温稳定性结果。基于此,在5~24.5561 K温区开展标准铂钴电阻温度计百次低温温循研究,获得5支高稳定的标准铂钴电阻温度计,其中,4支50Ω标准铂钴电阻温度计的稳定性均优于0.2 mK@24.5561 K,1支100Ω标准铂钴电阻温度计的稳定性优于0.5 mK@24.5561 K,为当前标准铂钴电阻温度计低温稳定性国际最好结果。未来本文筛选的高稳定性标准铂钴电阻温度计将用于低温温度标定和低温温度国际比对等相关应用和研究。

不同剂量阿替普酶超时间窗治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的效果

目的探讨发病4.5~9.0 h的急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者经多模式CT筛选下超时间窗应用小剂量或标准剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年1月在临沂市中心医院卒中中心就诊的发病时间在4.5~9.0 h的104例AIS患者。均完善一站式多模式CT检查,采用F-stroke软件处理分析脑CT灌注成像,存在核心/灌注不匹配者,给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓,并按照采用剂量大小分为小剂量组(0.6 mg/kg体质量,n=53)与标准剂量组(0.9 mg/kg体质量,n=54)。通过对比改良RanKin评分量表(modified RanKin scale,mRS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(the National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分评估临床有效性,通过比较出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)率、症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,SICH)率、泌尿道出血率、消化道出血率、病死率评估临床安全性。结果小剂量组预后良好率为58.49%(31/53),标准剂量组预后良好率为59.26%(32/54),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组溶栓后7 d NIHSS评分低于基线NIHSS评分,溶栓后90 d mRS评分低于入院时mRS评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组溶栓后7 d NIHSS评分、溶栓后90 d mRS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。小剂量组24 h HT发生率、24 h SICH发生率、泌尿道出血发生率、消化道出血发生率、90 d病死率分别为1.89%(1/53)、1.89%(1/53)、3.77%(2/53)、1.89%(1/53)、1.89%(1/53),标准剂量组分别为9.26%(5/54)、7.41%(4/54)、1.85%(1/54)、5.56%(3/54)、1.85%(1/54),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多模式CT筛选指导下发病在4.5~9.0 h的AIS患者超时间窗应用小剂量和标准剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓有相似的临床疗效,小剂量更安全。

低碳智慧园区综合评价指标体系构建研究

双碳形势下,各地纷纷制定园区建设标准和运营规范,引导和激励有条件的园区向低碳智慧转型。国内园区低碳智慧评价存在体系框架不够清晰、评价指标覆盖面欠缺、低碳技术研发和应用整体水平有待提升等薄弱环节。本文提出构建低碳智慧园区综合评价指标体系的标准化需求,围绕“综合能源管理”“工业智慧化”“交通运输”“建筑物管理”“生活服务及效益”五大维度提出“5-9-40”指标体系,设立9类二级指标、40个三级指标,支撑智慧园区绿色低碳发展,助力低碳智慧园区工程标准化输出和可复制性落地。

铁路企业节能低碳标准体系框架研究

为铁路企业更好实施“双控”“双碳”等节能工作,推进行业节能低碳标准体系建设,根据国家节能标准体系和碳达峰碳中和标准体系建设要求,结合铁路行业现有标准体系的结构和应用情况,提出铁路企业节能低碳标准体系框架。铁路企业节能低碳标准体系框架采用3层结构,分为基础共性、目标、规划计划、建设、运行、评估、优化等7个子体系,共16个标准分类。标准体系框架涵盖了铁路企业节能、碳达峰碳中和相关标准的主要方面,可为铁路企业节能低碳标准研究、制定提供方向和依据。

低温锂离子电池测试标准及研究进展

锂离子电池因其能量密度高、使用寿命长和无记忆效应等优势逐渐延伸至了低温环境领域,然而锂离子电池在低温环境下存在容量快速衰减、倍率性能差等问题。本文通过对近期相关文献的探讨,对现有锂离子电池测试标准进行了差异化分析,重点分析了不同测试标准对锂离子电池低温测试条件以及技术要求的差异。对于锂离子电池低温性能提升策略,主要从电解液设计及电极材料设计的角度进行了介绍;在电解液设计方面,重点介绍了电解液添加剂设计、共溶剂设计、锂盐改性设计以及锂盐与溶剂复合改性设计等策略;在电极材料设计方面,主要介绍了纳米化、掺杂、包覆、掺杂/包覆复合改性、异质结构设计等策略。综合分析表明,结合现有锂离子电池测试标准要求,采用电解液改性设计结合电极材料结构设计的策略,通过提升电解液在低温条件下的离子电导率与增强电极材料在低温条件下的电荷转移能力,有望克服锂离子电池在低温环境下容量衰减快、倍率性能差等问题。

城市温室气体排放推演及其评估方法

气候变化已成为人类可持续发展面临的重大挑战。为应对这一紧迫问题,世界各国相继制定了温室气体减排计划和碳中和时间表。随着全球气候变化对城市温室气体排放管理需求的不断增加,城市温室气体排放推演及其评估方法日益受到重视。这些方法通过模拟未来城市的温室气体排放趋势,使政府、企业和各部门能够更好地了解城市如何通过低碳转型应对气候变化并推动可持续发展,从而在实现气候目标方面发挥关键作用。然而,尽管这些方法在气候行动规划中愈加重要,国际上依然缺乏统一的标准和方法论,这使得各城市在评估其气候行动计划和能源转型策略的有效性时面临挑战。为此,本文提出并探讨了一套标准化的城市温室气体排放推演与评估方法,旨在为全球城市提供统一的技术指南。该方法涵盖数据收集、模型选择、情景定义与评估指标等关键环节。通过对两个典型城市的案例研究,本文验证了该标准方法的适用性和有效性,展示了其在支持全球城市低碳转型和气候行动中的重要作用。这一标准化方法的推广将为全球城市的气候治理和可持续发展提供坚实的技术基础,为标准研制提供有力支撑。