Low Light Stress Down-Regulated Rubisco Gene Expression and Photosynthetic Capacity During Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Leaf Development

Low light stress is one of the most important factors affecting photosynthesis and growth in winter production of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） in solar greenhouses in northern China. Here, two genotypes of cucumber （Deltastar and Jinyan 2） are used to determine the effect of low light stress on Rubisco expression and photosynthesis of leaves from emergence to senescence. During leaf development, the net photosynthetic rate （PN）, stomatal conductance （gs）, Rubisco initial activity and activation state, transcript levels of rbcL and rbcS, and the abundance of rbcL and rbcS DNA in these two genotypes increase rapidly to reach maximum in 10-20 d, and then decrease gradually. Meanwhile, the actual photosystem II efficiency （OpSll） of cucumber leaves slowly increased in the early leaf developing stages, but it declined quickly in leaf senescent stages, accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching （NPQ）. Moreover, PN, gs, initial Rubisco activity, and abundance of protein, mRNA and DNA of Rubisco subunits of leaves grown under 100 μmol m^-2 s^-1 are lower, and require more time to reach their maxima than those grown under 600 μmol m^-2 s^-1 during leaf development. All these results suggest that lower photosynthetic capacity of cucumber leaves from emergence to senescence under low light stress is probably due to down-regulated Rubisco gene expression in transcript and protein levels, and decreased initial and total activity as well as activation state of Rubisco. Deltastar performs better than Jinyan 2 under low light stress.

Bearing capacity of surface circular footings on granular material under low gravity fields

Low gravity fields have been simulated through magnetic acceleration to conduct experimental study on bearing capacity of circular footings on a type of crushable planetary regolith simulant,which has comparable density and particle size distribution of lunar soil.The loadesettlement responses of surface spread footings are obtained by investigating the relative density,footing size and gravity effects.Applying the hyperbolic asymptote method,normalised foundation stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity are obtained by curve fitting and predicted by power functions using multivariate nonlinear regression.The results show that the nonlinear gravity effect is not negligible,related to stress condition,soil dilatancy and mobilised friction angle.A cone penetration test(CPT)-based method for prediction of bearing capacity is proposed with correlations between ultimate bearing capacity of footings and shallow penetration stiffness of CPTs,avoiding the uncertainties of soil property estimations.Analyses of allowable bearing capacity and footing influence zone in consideration of footing size and gravity effects could therefore improve the design of shallow foundations on the Moon and Mars,and provide new understandings and potential implications to the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on crushable granular material in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial geotechnical engineering.

Anomalous low-temperature heat capacity in antiperovskite compounds

The low-temperature heat capacities are studied for antiperovskite compounds AX M_3（A = Al, Ga, Cu, Ag, Sn, X = C,N, M = Mn, Fe, Co）. A large peak in（C- γ T）/T^3 versus T is observed for each of a total of 18 compounds investigated,indicating an existence of low-energy phonon mode unexpected by Debye T^3 law. Such a peak is insensitive to the external magnetic field up to 80 k Oe（1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m-1）. For compounds with smaller lattice constant, the peak shifts towards higher temperatures with a reduction of peak height. This abnormal peak in（C- γ T）/T^3 versus T of antiperovskite compound may result from the strongly dispersive acoustic branch due to the heavier A atoms and the optical-like mode from the dynamic rotation of X M_6 octahedron. Such a low-energy phonon mode may not contribute negatively to the normal thermal expansion in AX M_3 compounds, while it is usually concomitant with negative thermal expansion in open-structure material（e.g., ZrW_2O_8, Sc F_3）.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

This paper reports that the low-temperature heat capacities of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid were measured by a precision automatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 78 K to 380 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of temperature was fitted by the least-squares method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at intervals of 5 K. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound was determined by means of a precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound was derived from the constant-volume energy of combustion. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was calculated from a combination of the datum of the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a Hess thermochemical cycle.

Tremendous Improvement of the Functional Capacity in Patient with Chronic Heart Failure after 12-Weeks of Exercise Training Program

Cardiac rehabilitation is recommended for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved, or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A cardiac rehabilitation program generally includes physical exercise, diet counseling, educational classes on lifestyle changes, and disease management as well as psychosocial support for patients and their families. Exercise training is a core component of the comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program and is strongly recommended in combination with pharmacological treatment to patients with CHF, due to cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and autonomic cardiac response. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation affects positively functional capacity, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in CHF patients. The physical inactivity rate in Arabian Peninsula countries is extremely high, and exercise training of habitually physically inactive individuals should result in marked improvements of physical capacity. We present a case that demonstrates such a significant improvement in the physical capacity of a patient with CHF and a review of literature.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)-phenol (C_8H_(11)NO)

This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of 4-（2-aminoethyl）-phenol （C8H11NO） are measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by the least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15K were calculated and tabulated at the interval of 5K. The energy equivalent, εcalor, of the oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter has been determined from 0.68g of NIST 39i benzoic acid to be εcalor=（14674.69±17.49）J·K^-1. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter to be ΔcU=-（32374.25±12.93）J·g^-1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion for the compound was calculated to be ΔcHm = -（4445.47 ± 1.77） kJ·mol^-1 according to the definition of enthalpy of combustion and other thermodynamic principles. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was derived to be ΔfHm（C8H11NO, s）=-（274.68 ±2.06） kJ·mol^-1, in accordance with Hess law.

Low Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Zinc L-Threonate Zn(C_4H_7O_5)_2(s) by Adiabatic Calorimetry

Low-temperature heat capacities of the solid compound Zn（C4H7O5）2（s） were measured in a temperature range from 78 to 374 K, with an automated adiabatic calorimeter. A solid-to-solid phase transition occurred in the temperature range of 295？322 K. The peak temperature, the enthalpy, and entropy of the phase transition were determined to be （316.269±1.039） K, （11.194±0.335） kJ？mol-1, and （35.391±0.654） J？K-1？mol-1, respectively. The experimental values of the molar heat capacities in the temperature regions of 78？295 K and 322？374 K were fitted to two polynomial equations of heat capacities（Cp,m） with reduced temperatures（X） and [X = f（T）], with the help of the least squares method, respectively. The smoothed molar heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound, relative to that of the standard reference temperature 293.15 K, were calculated on the basis of the fitted polynomials and tabulated with an interval of 5 K. In addition, the possible mechanism of thermal decomposition of the compound was inferred by the result of TG-DTG analysis.

Research and Experience Reference on China’s Implementation of Low Carbon Strategy

Economic development has brought about global greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn has brought about global climate change. This research paper aims to compare the strengths and weaknesses that China has demonstrated in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy and to summarise the valuable experience that China can provide to the world in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy. This essay analyses in depth the advantages that China has shown in the areas of renewable energy use and government mechanisms, as well as the shortcomings that it has shown in the areas of eco-efficiency industrial structure and capacity upgrading. Then, the paper summarises the successful experiences of the Chinese government in the establishment of renewable energy use and governmental mechanisms, such as the local government’s ability to coordinate multiple sectors (industrial sector, energy sector, etc.) and the implementation of responsibilities. In comparison, the paper also further discusses that China’s implementation of a low-carbon strategy in the future may have more eco-efficiency, industrial structure and capacity upgrading.

Increasing the Efficiency and Level of Environmental Safety of Pro-Environmental City Heat Supply Technologies by Low Power Nuclear Plants

In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is a technological need to improve heat supply schemes to increase their environmental friendliness and efficiency. The paper proves the feasibility of using the heat-feeding mode of ASHPs for urban heat supply by heating the network water with steam taken from the turbine. The ratio of electric and thermal power of a “nuclear” combined heat and power plant is given. The advantage of using a heat pump, which provides twice as much electrical power with the same heat output, is established. Taking into account that heat in these modes is supplied with different potential, the energy efficiency was used to compare these options. To increase the heat supply capacity, a scheme with the use of a high-pressure heater in the backpressure mode and with the heating of network water with hot steam was proposed. Heat supply from ASHPs is efficient and environmentally friendly even in the case of significant remoteness of heat consumers.

A scoping review of non-communicable disease research capacity strengthening initiatives in low and middle-income countries

Introduction:As the epidemic of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)is rapidly developing in low and middleincome countries(LMICs),the importance of local research capacity and the role of contextually relevant research in informing policy and practice is of paramount importance.In this regard,initiatives in research capacity strengthening(RCS)are very important.The aim of this study was to review and summarize NCD research capacity strengthening strategies that have been undertaken in LMICs.Methods:Using both systematic and other literature search,we identified and reviewed NCD-RCS initiatives that have been implemented in LMICs and reported since 2000.Information was extracted from published papers and websites related to these initiatives using a semi-structured checklist.We extracted information on program design,stakeholders involved,and countries of focus,program duration,targeted researchers,disease focus,skill/capacity areas involved and sources of funding.The extracted information was refined through further review and then underwent a textual narrative synthesis.Results:We identified a number of different strategies used by research capacity strengthening programs and in the majority of initiatives,a combination of approaches was utilized.Capacity strengthening and training approaches were variously adapted locally and tailored to fit with the identified needs of the targeted researchers and health professionals.Most initiatives focused on individual level capacity and not system level capacity,although some undoubtedly benefited the research and health systems of LMICs.For most initiatives,mid-term and long-term outcomes were not evaluated.Though these initiatives might have enhanced research capacity in the immediate term,the sustainability of the results in the long-term remains unknown.Conclusion:Most of NCD-RCS initiatives in LMICs focused on building individual capacity and only a few focused explicitly on institutional level capacity strengthening.Though many of the initiatives appear to have had promising short-term outcomes,evidence on their long-term impact and sustainability is lacking.

Low公式计算坡面流挟沙力的改进

坡面流的挟沙能力决定着坡面土壤是否发生侵蚀或者淤积,其计算是坡面侵蚀产沙模型开发的关键。将Low公式应用于一维坡面侵蚀产沙模型,基于径流小区实测资料修正坡度项的指数对公式提出改进。结果表明:随着坡度指数的增加,侵蚀量的模拟误差先减小后增大,存在一个临界值,使模拟误差达到最小;建议Low公式应用于坡面侵蚀产沙模型时坡度项的指数取值为0.453。

Crohn’s disease in low and lower-middle income countries: A scoping review

BACKGROUND While Crohn’s disease has been studied extensively in high-income countries,its epidemiology and care in low and lower-middle income countries(LLMICs)is not well established due to a lack of disease registries and diagnostic capacity.AIM To describe the published burden,diagnostic/treatment capacity,service utilization,challenges/barriers to individuals with Crohn’s in LLMICs and their providers.METHODS We conducted a scoping review utilizing a full search strategy was developed and conducted in PubMed,Embase and World Health Organization Global Index Medicus.Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of all of the publications found in this search,reviewed selected publications,and extracted relevant data,which underwent descriptive review and was analyzed in Excel.RESULTS The database search yielded 4486 publications,216 of which were determined to be relevant to the research questions.Of all 79 LLMICs,only 21(26.6%)have publications describing individuals with Crohn’s.Overall,the highest number of studies came from India,followed by Tunisia,and Egypt.The mean number of Crohn’s patients reported per study is 57.84 and the median is 22,with a wide range from one to 980.CONCLUSION This scoping review has shown that,although there is a severe lack of populationbased data about Crohn’s in LLMICs,there is a signal of Crohn’s in these settings around the world.

2023年国内外油气行业发展及2024年展望

2023年,全球能源格局深刻调整,绿色低碳转型稳步推进;国际油价波动下跌,天然气价高位回落;油气勘探开发投资保持增长,油气产量继续双增;炼油乙烯产能继续增长,毛利总体下滑;大石油公司重新强化油气上游,降碳和盈利并重;碳减排共识进一步凝聚,碳市场影响力不断增强。中国油气行业立足安全清洁发展,能源行业政策体系加快完善;新型能源体系建设有序推进;成品油和天然气消费恢复向好,“全国一张网”加速完善;油气产储量保持增长,“两深一非”成增储上产新阵地;炼油能力继续小幅增长;大宗石化产品产能呈扩张态势;碳市场建设步伐加快。2024年,预计国际石油市场基本面由紧平衡转为供应过剩,天然气市场延续脆弱平衡,地缘政治紧张局势及外溢影响等将继续推动油气价格大幅波动;能源转型更加理性务实,基于安全效益发展建设能源韧性体系渐成共识。国内经济景气度回升势头向好,将进一步带动能源行业回暖;深化能源体制机制改革、加快建设新型能源体系、保障能源供应安全稳定仍是能源行业的重要使命任务。

Research on the transmission mechanism of low-carbon policies:an empirical study of agricultural companies

Companies bear primary responsibility for low-carbon economy,thus relevant low-carbon policies should be set properly to guide them and to ensure their low-carbon production effectively.To solve the problems generated during low-carbon development,this article verifies the existence of the transmission path and strength.This verification includes mediating variables of companies'willingness and capacity to conduct low-carbon production,a transmission mechanism through incentive path and resources protection,and questionnaire data of agricultural companies.Conclusions show that the lowcarbon policies have obvious positive effects on willingness of corporation;the basic service-oriented policy has a significantly promoting effect on low-carbon production capacity;and low-carbon production performance is positively influenced by willingness as well as capability.Aiming at a better transmission path,some corresponding recommendations have been put forward in the end.

血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总抗氧化能力水平与脑梗死患者认知功能障碍的相关性分析

目的:探究脑梗死患者血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sdLDL-C)和总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)水平变化及其与认知功能障碍发生的关系。方法:选择148例脑梗死患者,依据发病后7 d是否出现认知功能障碍,分为非障碍组(n=77)和障碍组(n=71);分别采用过氧化氢酶法和比色法测定两组血清sdLDL-C和T-AOC水平,并进行比较;Pearson相关系数法分析脑梗死患者血清sdLDL-C、T-AOC水平与蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)评分相关性;二元Logistic回归分析影响脑梗死患者认知功能障碍发生的危险因素。结果:与非障碍组相比,障碍组血清sdLDL-C水平明显升高(P<0.05),T-AOC水平明显降低(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,血清sdLDL-C水平与MoCA评分呈负相关(r=-0.516,P<0.05),T-AOC水平与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.446,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,高血压、糖尿病、病情严重程度、血清sdLDL-C和T-AOC是脑梗死患者认知功能障碍发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:脑梗死患者血清sdLDL-C水平升高,T-AOC水平降低,二者是影响脑梗死患者并发认知功能障碍的独立影响因素。

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固RC短柱抗剪性能试验研究

为研究纤维织物增强高延性混凝土(TR-HDC)加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪性能,设计了6根钢筋混凝土柱,包括2个对比柱和4个TR-HDC加固柱.通过低周反复荷载试验,对比分析剪跨比、纤维织物层数对试件破坏形态、变形、承载力和耗能能力的影响.结果表明:采用TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱,可显著提高其抗剪承载力;TR-HDC与原混凝土柱协同工作性能良好,加固后的混凝土柱的变形、承载力和耗能能力明显提高;增加纤维织物的层数对钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力提高幅度较小,但可大幅增强柱的耗能和变形能力;剪跨比较大时,更有利于发挥TR-HDC加固材料的力学性能.基于桁架-拱模型,提出TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果较准确.

Pre-exposure effect of low-dose ^(16)O^(8+) or γ-rays on testicular endocrine of mice

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能源转型及“双碳”目标背景下全球炼油行业发展新态势与前景展望

2023年,全球炼化项目建设稳步推进,炼油重心继续东移;全球新增炼油能力8617.5万吨/年,高于上年新增量,总炼油能力提升至51.8亿吨/年。全球原油加工量合计约8240万桶/日,恢复至疫情前水平,装置开工率持续回升,炼油毛利继续保持历史较高水平。炼油行业加快结构调整和转型升级,欧美炼油商加快投资生物燃料生产,中东非洲地区以新建项目推动炼油业转型升级。炼油技术在劣质重油加工、清洁燃料生产、炼油向化工转型等方面取得持续进展,原油直接制化学品技术成为重点方向。2024年全球有望新增炼油能力近1亿吨,全球炼化项目在2030年前仍将继续保持增长,增长中心集中在亚太和中东地区;2024年全球炼厂原油加工量同比增长约100万桶/日,增量主要来自中国、中东、非洲地区,世界炼油毛利有望维持较好水平;2030年前炼油结构调整和转型升级仍是炼油业发展的主基调,新兴经济体炼油行业将继续加快转型升级和绿色智能化发展进程。

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能,对1个足尺轻钢框架结构试件和3个足尺轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构试件进行了低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验及理论分析,试件变量包括:2种装配构造,即内嵌式装配墙板、外贴式装配墙板;2种轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板,即框架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板、桁架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板。研究了各试件的破坏特征和损伤演化过程,分析了结构滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能性能和应变。结果表明:装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构共同工作性能良好,其水平承载力相比轻钢框架提高了204.7%~210.4%,抗侧刚度提高了257.3%~512.5%,结构变形及耗能能力有显著提高;内嵌墙板的自攻钉连接构造以及外贴墙板的螺栓连接构造传力性能可靠,结构具备2道抗震防线的受力特征;基于简化塑性分析模型以及拉压杆软化桁架模型,对试件承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。

寒区电动公交充电站选址及定容规划研究

寒区低温环境导致电动公交动力电池容量衰减,充电设施服务范围及规划数量受到影响,给电动公交充电站选址及定容规划带来挑战。为提高电动公交充电站的低温适应性,提出针对寒区电动公交充电站的选址算法及定容模型。首先,在选址规划中,构建充电站渐进覆盖服务半径,利用改进近邻传播聚类算法确定充电站选址点,基于算法聚类中心构建充电站Voronoi图划分充电集群。其次,在定容规划中,构建动力电池低温容量衰减模型,确定寒区电动公交的充电需求;基于容量有限的截尾排队论模型建立充电站有效服务强度、拒绝服务率及充电满意度等约束;引入成本权衡系数,以规划年限内全社会成本最小为优化目标,建立寒区充电站定容规划模型,并设计遗传算法进行求解。最后,以哈尔滨市市区电动公交充电站选址定容规划为例进行分析,算例结果得到9个充电站选址点及其充电集群,以及各充电站的充电机配置数量和各项成本。针对环境温度和成本权衡系数进行灵敏度分析,结果表明:寒区低温环境对充电站的充电机配置数量和各项成本有显著影响,合理权衡充电站和电动公交两者利益有助于提高充电服务满意度,降低全社会成本。