Manganese-Based Catalysts for Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds Degradation with Low Energy Consumption and High Efficiency

With the development of industrialization,the emission of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)to atmosphere causes serious environmental problems and the treatment of VOCs needs to consume a lot of energy.Moreover,indoor VOCs are seriously harmful to human health.Thus,there is an urgent requirement for the development of indoor VOCs treatment technologies.Catalytic degradation of VOCs,as a low energy consumption,high efficiency,and easy to achieve manner,has been widely studied in related fields.As a kind of transition metal catalyst,manganese-based catalysts have attracted a lot of attention in the catalytic degradation of VOCs because of their unique advantages including high efficiency,low cost,and excellent stability.This paper reviews the state-of-the-art progress of manganese-based catalysts for VOCs catalytic degradation.We introduce the thermocatalytic,photocatalytic and photo-thermocatalytic degradation of VOCs on manganese-based catalysts in this paper.The optimization of manganese-based catalysts by means of structural design,decorating modification and defect engineering is discussed.

Low-energy Mountain Transportation System with PRT Rail Transit Technology

The PRT (Personal Rapid Transit) refers to a traffic system in which small vehicles automatically travel on a dedicated rail network or road network.It is a branch of monorail traffic and dedicated road traffic.It can change the situation of high energy consumption of traditional mountain transportation.It can reduce the amount of machinery used in the construction process to reduce carbon emissions.It is completely powered by electricity and reduces the friction of the cableway to reduce energy consumption.Its construction process uses small amount of traditional building materials such as concrete and steel.It has little damage to the ecological environment of the mountain,and can not damage the carbon sequestration ability of the plant community.It could serve as a means of transporting goods over long distance,reducing the need for big trucks and thus reducing the consumption of fossil fuels.

Industrialization,Efficiency and Social Housing:Sustainable Prefabrication for the Colombian Social and Cultural Context

This research aims to generate processes of industrialization and qualification of social housing in Colombia through prefabrication,low energy consumption and high environmental quality to reduce the current deficit and improve the quality of life in communities with fewer economic resources.Modular coordination and the use of materials with thermal behaviors,appropriate to the country’s climatic characteristics,reduce production costs,avoid waste and improve the architectural and environmental quality of social housing.Passive cooling strategies,such as controlling solar incursion and generating natural cross ventilation eliminate energy consumption and allow reaching desired standards of comfort.In a context in which traditional construction systems have still not resolved the social housing deficit in Colombia and which generate high costs for energy consumption in the search for thermal comfort,industrialized and efficient construction with high environmental quality provides solutions according to the economic,geographic,social and cultural context in Colombia.

Design of Sewage Treatment Device Based on Cell Membrane Principle

Based on the principle of selective permeability of cell membrane,a new urban sewage treatment device and urban sewage recycling system are designed.The new urban sewage treatment device consists of 10 parts,namely:inlet pipe,secondary filter screen,tertiary rectifier,gravity separation chamber,floating material collection chamber,sewage shunt pipes,cell membrane filtration chamber,cell membrane purification device,sediment collection chamber and purified water collection chamber.The urban sewage recycling system consists of 6 parts,namely:urban sewage collection device,filtration and sedimentation separation device,floating matter collection device,cell membrane sewage purification device,sediment collection device and urban water pool.

用于低能耗人工视觉系统的具有互补光调制和低功耗的双极突触有机/无机异质结晶体管

光电突触晶体管将光传感和突触功能集成到单个器件中,在视觉信息采集、识别、记忆和处理的神经形态计算具有显著的优势.然而,现有光电突触的权重更新主要是基于光刺激和电刺激分别调节突触的兴奋和抑制.这种方式严重限制了器件的处理速度和应用场景.在这项工作中,我们提出了双极突触有机/无机异质结晶体管(BSOIHT),可以有效地模拟光刺激下的双向(兴奋/抑制)突触行为.此外,通过优化电极接触位置以及电极材料,晶体管的载流子注入得到了显著改善,使得突触事件功耗降至2.4 fJ.此外,采用BSOIHT构建的神经形态视觉系统,有效地促进了图像预处理,将识别准确率从44.93%大幅提高到87.01%.这为构建低能耗的人工视觉系统提供了新的途径.

用于神经形态学计算的低能耗、高稳定性2D-3D钙钛矿忆阻器

近年来,有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿在忆阻器和人工突触器件等电子器件中的应用取得了快速进展.由于其离子迁移特性和制造上的优势,有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿有望成为下一代计算设备的候选材料.本文采用ITO/FA_(1-y)MA_(y)PbI_(3-x)Cl_(x)/(PEA)_(2)PbI_(4)/Au的叠层结构,研究了2D-3D有机-无机杂化钙钛矿忆阻器.结果表明,这种新型忆阻器具有新颖的电阻开关特性,如扫描速率相关的电流开关特性、良好的电流-电压曲线重复性和超低能耗.利用p-i-n结模型证实了缺陷调制电子隧穿机制,并证明了忆阻器件的电导状态由电极侧附近钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷浓度决定.除了良好的忆阻特性外,这种2D-3D钙钛矿型忆阻器还可以很好地用作人工突触,其内部缺陷运动可以真实地模拟生物突触中Ca^(2+)的流入和挤出.此外,由于有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿中的可切换p-i-n结构,这种基于钙钛矿的人工突触具有超低功耗.我们的发现展示了2D-3D钙钛矿忆阻器在未来神经形态计算系统中的巨大应用潜力.

基于肖特基势垒调控的低能耗高识别精度的有机突触晶体管

为了构建类脑神经形态计算网络,单一的人工突触器件应该表现出极低的能量消耗,达到飞焦耳级别.然而,大多数现有的基于欧姆接触的低能耗突触器件实施方案,要么结构复杂,要么需要特定材料,这些因素都阻碍了人工神经网络的进一步发展.本文报告了一种肖特基势垒调控的有机突触晶体管(SBROST).通过在源电极和半导体之间的接触界面引入肖特基势垒,显著降低了单个突触事件的能耗,与使用欧姆接触的传统有机突触晶体管相比,SBROST的性能得到了改善.SBROST不仅可在低工作电压和电流下运行,还具有可适用于不同有机突触器件的简单结构.此外,SBROST可以实现低能耗下的高识别精度.经过100个周期,基于SBROST的手写人工神经网络表现出卓越的识别精度(93.53%),接近理想精度(95.62%).将肖特基势垒引入突触晶体管的方案为构建类脑神经计算网络提供了新的视角.

A new process to improve short-chain fatty acids and bio-methane generation from waste activated sludge

As an important intermediate product, short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） can be generated after hydrolysis and acidification from waste activated sludge, and then can be transformed to methane during anaerobic digestion process. In order to obtain more SCFA and methane,most studies in literatures were centered on enhancing the hydrolysis of sludge anaerobic digestion which was proved as un-efficient. Though the alkaline pretreatment in our previous study increased both the hydrolysis and acidification processes, it had a vast chemical cost which was considered uneconomical. In this paper, a low energy consumption pretreatment method, i.e. enhanced the whole three stages of the anaerobic fermentation processes at the same time, was reported, by which hydrolysis and acidification were both enhanced, and the SCFA and methane generation can be significantly improved with a small quantity of chemical input. Firstly, the effect of different pretreated temperatures and pretreatment time on sludge hydrolyzation was compared. It was found that sludge pretreated at 100°C for 60 min can achieve the maximal hydrolyzation. Further, effects of different initial p Hs on acidification of the thermal pretreated sludge were investigated and the highest SCFA was observed at initial p H 9.0with fermentation time of 6 d, the production of which was 348.63 mg COD/g VSS（6.8 times higher than the blank test） and the acetic acid was dominant acid. Then, the mechanisms for this new pretreatment significantly improving SCFA production were discussed. Finally,the effect of this low energy consumption pretreatment on methane generation was investigated.

Development and application of coke oven gas spraying on sinter bed

The Shanghai Meishan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. has a large supply of coke oven gas (COG) and has the potential to develop and apply the spraying of COG on the surface of a sinter bed. The effects of the amount of COG, the spraying time, and the spraying distribution with the process on the quantity and quality indexes of sinter were investigated in the laboratory experi-ments. The results showed that the COG spraying can improve the sinter indexes to a large extent if appropriate parameters were used. It was found that an appropriate amount of COG, a relatively long spraying time, and a decreasing distribution of the COG amount with the spraying process all help to obtain a better performance for sinter quantity and quality indexes. When the COG spraying was applied to the No. 3 sintering machine, the sinter tumbler index increased by 0.45%, the overall finished product rate increased by 0.72%, the solid fuel consumption decreased by 4.06kg/t, the reducibility increased by 3.89%, and the cost of iron decreased by 5.29 CNY/t, and the CO2, SO2 and Nox emissions also decreased, thus proving the feasibility of this technology. Therefore, COG spraying provides a new way to improve sinter and also decrease the energy consumption and pollution.

Nanofibrils in 3D aligned channel arrays with synergistic effect of Ag/NPs for rapid and highly efficient electric field disinfection

The disinfection of waterborne pathogens from drinking water is extremely important for human health.Although countless efforts have been devoted for drinking water inactivation,challenges still exist in terms of relative high energy consumption and complicated to implement and maintain.Here,silver nanoparticles anchoring wood carbon(Ag NPs/WC)membrane is developed as cost-effective,high flux,scalable filter for highly efficient electric field disinfection of water.Under electric field of 4 V voltage,the designed membrane achieved more than 5 log(99.999%)disinfection performance for different model bacteria,including Escherichia coli(E.coli),Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis),Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimirium(S.Typhimurium)and Bacillus subtilis(B.subtilis)with a high flux of 3.8 x 103 L m^(-2)h^(-1),extremely low energy consumption of 2 J L^(-1)m^(-2)and fantastic durability(7 days).The high disinfection performance of Ag NPs/WC membrane is attributed to the synergistic disinfection of carbon nanofibrils,Ag nanoparticles as well as the low tortuous structure of the channels in wood carbon.The Ag NPs/WC membrane presents a promising strategy for point-of-use drinking water electric field disinfection treatment.