Effects of Low-Power Microwave Fields on Seed Germination and Growth Rate

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of low power microwave radiation on germination and growth rate in seeds. In the present paper, the bioeffects of low power (non-thermal intensity) microwave modulated with 1 KHz square wave have been studied. Experiments were performed in X-band frequencies using klystron based microwave test bench. Microwave parameters like frequency, power, exposure time and power density were varied while irradiating seed samples to study their influence on germination. The seed samples used for the experiment included wheat (Triticum aestivum), bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), green gram (Vigna radiate) and moth bean (Vigna Aconitifolia). Seed germination %, plant height, root length and dry matter % (biomass %) were recorded and compared with control seeds. The effects of different treatments were found to be stimulating the germination and seedling vigour of plants especially in power and exposure time treatments while increase in frequency and power density has reduced the seed germination and seedling vigour. The effect also varied with the nature of seeds.

Time-and Frequency-Domain Analysis of Ice-Induced Displacement Responses Offshore Fixed Platforms

On the basis of ice- induced forced vibration model, ice- induced displacement responses of offshore fixed platforms are investigated in both time domain and frequency domain. The relationships of ice-induced displacement responses with ice breaking modes, ice acting directions and platform structures are analyzed and determined. The results lead to an important conclusion obtained for the first time that ice breaking frequency and the natural frequency of the first mode of the platform are the two main factors that dominate the degree of vibration. The present work provides a firm basis for both design and operation of fixed platforms against ice loading.

INVESTIGATION OF DOMINANT FREQUENCIES IN TRANSITION REYNOLDS NUMBER RANGE OF FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER PARTⅡ: THEORETICAL DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VORTEX SHEDDING AND TRANSITION FREQUENCIES AT DIFFERENT REYNOLDS NUMBERS

An attempt has been made to explore whether the power relation can be obtained from theoretical considerations. The classical laminar and turbulent boundary layer concepts have been employed to determine appropriate values of the scaling lengths associated with vortex shedding and shear layer frequencies to predict the power law relationship with Reynolds number. The predicted results are in good agreement with experimental results. The findings will provide a greater insight into the overall phenomenon involved.

Feature Extraction of Acoustic/Seismic Signal of Target

A microphone and a seismic sensor always become a basic unit of UGS(unattended ground sensors) system. The mechanism of acoustic and seismic property of target and its propagation are described. The acoustic and seismic signals of targets are analyzed with time frequency distribution according to its non stationary property. Narrow band energy function (NEF) and local power spectral density (LPSD) are proposed to extract features for target identification. Experiment results show that local power spectral density indicates corresponding target clearly.

Adaptive inverse control of random vibration based on the filtered-X LMS algorithm

Random vibration control is aimed at reproducing the power spectral density （PSD） at specified control points. The classical frequency-spectrum equalization algorithm needs to compute the average of the multiple frequency response functions （FRFs）, which lengthens the control loop time in the equalization process. Likewise, the feedback control algorithm has a very slow convergence rate due to the small value of the feedback gain parameter to ensure stability of the system. To overcome these limitations, an adaptive inverse control of random vibrations based on the filtered-X least mean-square （LMS） algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, according to the description and iteration characteristics of random vibration tests in the frequency domain, the frequency domain LMS algorithm is adopted to refine the inverse characteristics of the FRF instead of the traditional time domain LMS algorithm. This inverse characteristic, which is called the impedance function of the system under control, is used to update the drive PSD directly. The test results indicated that in addition to successfully avoiding the instability problem that occurs during the iteration process, the adaptive control strategy minimizes the amount of time needed to obtain a short control loop and achieve equalization.

联合LDPC码与clipping降OFDM系统峰均比的方法

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中存在的高峰均比问题,提出了一种简单而有效的降低峰均比(PA-PR)的联合方法,即将低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)与传统的限幅(clipping)技术相结合的方法。该方法通过clip-ping技术降低OFDM信号的PAPR,同时结合LDPC码改善clipping技术带来的系统误比特率(BER)恶化与频域滤波降低带外功率辐射。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该方案能够简单而有效地降低PAPR并提高系统的BER性能,以及抑制带外功率辐射,证明了该联合方法的有效性。

Inhibitory effects of jujuboside A on EEG and hippocampal glutamate in hyperactive rat

In this study, the inhibitory effect of jujuboside A (JuA) on a penicillin sodium (Na-PCN) induced hyperactivity model was investigated. Cortical EEG (electroencephalogram) and the concentration of hippocampal Glutamate (Glu) were monitored simultaneously in vivo as indicators of rat’s excitatory state. Power spectral density (PSD) and gravity frequency of PSD were calculated. JuA (0.05 g/L and 0.1 g/L) inhibited the EEG excitation effect caused by Na-PCN by increasing the power of δ1 and δ2 bands (P<0.01 vs model) and lowering the gravity frequency of PSD (P<0.01 vs model). JuA also remarkably reduced the Glu elevation induced by Na-PCN (P<0.05 vs model). Diazepam also depressed Glu concentration and lowered the gravity frequency, but it showed a different EEG pattern in increased β2-activity (P<0.01 vs model). EEG excitation caused by Na-PCN correlated with Glu elevation during the first hour. Neurophysiological inhibitory effects of JuA and diazepam were more persistent than their Glu inhibitoty effects.

Prediction of Vibration Characteristics in Beam Structure Using Sub-Scale Modeling with Experimental Validation

Geometric or sub-scale modeling techniques are used for the evaluation of large and complex dynamic structures to ensure accurate reproduction of load path and thus leading to true dynamic characteristics of such structures. The sub-scale modeling technique is very effective in the prediction of vibration characteristics of original large structure when the experimental testing is not feasible due to the absence of a large testing facility. Previous researches were more focused on free and harmonic vibration case with little or no consideration for readily encountered random vibration. A sub-scale modeling technique is proposed for estimating the vibration characteristics of any large scale structure such as Launch vehicles, Mega structures, etc., under various vibration load cases by utilizing precise scaled-down model of that dynamic structure. In order to establish an analytical correlation between the original structure and its scaled models, different scale models of isotropic cantilever beam are selected and analyzed under various vibration conditions（ i.e. free, harmonic and random） using finite element package ANSYS. The developed correlations are also validated through experimental testing The prediction made from the vibratory response of the scaled-down beam through the established sets of correlation are found similar to the response measured from the testing of original beam structure. The established correlations are equally applicable in the prediction of dynamic characteristics of any complex structure through its scaled-down models. This paper presents modified sub-scale modeling technique that enables accurate prediction of vibration characteristics of large and complex structure under not only sinusoidal but also for random vibrations.

Acceleration-Dependent Analysis of Vertical Ball Screw Feed System without Counterweight

The distinguishing feature of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight is that the spindle system weight directly acts on the kinematic joints.Research into the dynamic characteristics under acceleration and deceleration is an important step in improving the structural performance of vertical milling machines.The magnitude and direction of the inertial force change significantly when the spindle system accelerates and decelerates.Therefore,the kinematic joint contact stiffness changes under the action of the inertial force and the spindle system weight.Thus,the system transmission stiffness also varies and affects the dynamics.In this study,a variable-coefficient lumped parameter dynamic model that considers the changes in the spindle system weight and the magnitude and direction of the inertial force is established for a ball screw feed system without counterweight.In addition,a calculation method for the system stiffness is provided.Experiments on a vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration with different accelerations are also performed to verify the proposed dynamic model.Finally,the influence of the spindle system position,the rated dynamic load of the screw-nut joint,and the screw tension force on the natural frequency of the vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration are studied.The results show that the vertical ball screw feed system has obviously different variable dynamics under acceleration and deceleration.The influence of the rated dynamic load and the spindle system position on the natural frequency under acceleration and deceleration is much greater than that of the screw tension force.

Influence of surface treatments on fatigue life of a two-stroke free piston linear engine component using random loading

This paper describes the finite element (FE) analysis technique to predict fatigue life using the narrow band frequency response approach. The life prediction results are useful for improving the component design methodology at the very early development stage. The approach is found to be suitable for a periodic loading but requires very large time records to accurately describe random loading processes. This paper is aimed at investigating the effects of surface treatments on the fatigue life of the free piston linear engine’s components. Finite element modelling and frequency response analysis were conducted using computer aided design and finite element analysis commercial codes, respectively. In addition, the fatigue life prediction was carried out using finite element based fatigue analysis commercial code. Narrow band approach was specially applied to predict the fatigue life of the free piston linear engine cylinder block. Significant variation was observed between the surface treatments and untreated cylinder block of free piston engine. The obtained results indicated that nitrided treatment yielded the longest life. This approach can determine premature products failure phenomena, and therefore can reduce time to market, improve product reliability and customer confidence.

Nadi Yantra: a robust system design to capture the signals from the radial artery for assessment of the autonomic nervous system non-invasively

Ayurvedic and other alternative medical practi-tioners throughout the world have been using pulse diagnosis to detect disease and the organ at distress by feeling the palpations at three close yet precise positions of the radial artery. This paper presents a robust electro-mechanical system, ‘Nadi Yantra’ which uses piezoelectric based pressure sensors to capture the signals from the radial artery. Morphology of the waveforms obtained from our system concurs with standard physiological arterial signals. Reproducibility and stability of the system has been verified. Signal processing techniques were applied to obtain features such as amplitude, power spectral density, bandpower and spectral centroid to reflect variations in signals from the three channels. Further, wavelet based techniques were used to process the pressure signals and percussion peaks were identified. The interval between the percussion peaks was used to calculate Heart Rate Varibility (HRV), a useful tool for assessing the status of the autonomic nervous system of the human body non-invasively. Time domain indices were calculated from direct measurement of peak-peak (PP) intervals and from differences between the PP intervals. Frequency domain indices such as very low frequency (VLF) power, low frequency (LF) power, high frequency (HF) power, LF/HF ratio were also calculated. Thereafter, nonlinear Poincare analysis was carried out. A map of consecutive PP intervals was fitted to an ellipse using least squares method. Results from 7 datasets are depicted in this paper. A novel pressure pulse recording instrument is deve loped for the objective assessment of the ancient sci-ence of pulse diagnosis. The features calculated using multi resolution wavelet analysis show potential in the evaluation of the autonomic nervous system of the human body.

基于PSD特征的FBCCA脑电信号识别方法

当前基于稳态视觉诱发电位(steady-state visual evoked potential,SSVEP)的脑机接口(brain-computer interfaces,BCIs)使用的都是单一识别算法,针对不同时间长度的识别准确率较低。提出了一种基于滤波器组的典型相关分析(filter bank canonical correlation analysis,FBCCA)与功率谱密度(power spectral density,PSD)分析相结合的SSVEP识别算法,可以提高SSVEP识别的普适性与准确率。该方法使用FBCCA寻找高相似度的参考频率信号,再通过多组PSD分析来锁定最终的响应频率,完成频率识别。该方法无需经过训练就能得到较高的识别准确率。实验结果表明:在刺激时长为1 s时,该方法能达到86.61%的准确率,比PSD分析方法提升了5.44%,比典型相关性分析方法(canonical correlation analysis,CCA)提升了10.38%的准确率,比FBCCA提升了8.86%的准确率。

几种常用水声信号的特性研究

水声信号是水下导航定位通信的主要信息载体,对其特性进行研究尤为重要。水声常用信号主要有连续波信号、线性调频信号和双曲线调频信号,研究了这三种常用信号的时域、频域以及功率谱波形,对它们的模糊函数、模糊度、模糊函数ξ=0和τ=0截面进行了计算,研究了这三种信号的自相关函数及小波时频分析,研究结果表明实验结果与理论值符合较好。

考虑时变特性的车-桥耦合系统非平稳振动频域方法研究

当列车行驶经过桥梁时,由于车辆在桥上的位置随时间不断变化,车-桥耦合系统具有时变特性,即使假设轨道不平顺为平稳激励,车辆和桥梁的振动仍然是一种非平稳的随机过程。本研究旨在提出一种非平稳频域分析方法,以高效分析受轨道不平顺激励的车-桥耦合系统的非平稳随机振动问题。首先推导了单节列车通过单跨简支桥的耦合系统时变频响传递函数(FRF),据此描述线性时变系统的动力特性。该函数满足一组变系数微分方程,可采用摄动法求解该函数,从而提高计算效率。随后,结合PRIESTLEY的演化谱理论,推导非平稳随机响应的演化功率谱密度函数(EPSD)。基于非平稳频域分析方法,计算响应时变均值和方差,结合3σ准则来估计非平稳响应的极值。研究结果表明,由于轨道不平顺的影响,车辆振动表现出平稳随机过程的特性,但其方差较大,表现出更大的离散性;而桥梁的振动则呈现出明显的非平稳特性,但方差较小,响应具有较小的随机性。极值分析表明,轨道不平顺激励对车辆振动具有显著影响,其均方根对极值响应起主导作用。而轨道不平顺激励对桥梁振动的影响较小,桥梁振动则主要受移动质量影响,其响应的极值主要受均值的影响。此外,相较于系统位移响应,车速对加速度响应的影响更为显著,例如车身加速度响应最大值随车速的增加可增大至3倍左右。

低频交流电压下低密度聚乙烯的空间电荷特性

分频输电技术已逐步成为实现碳中和及海上风电远距离传输的主流方案之一。然而,对高压分频输电背景下的电气设备研究较为欠缺,在频率改变对电缆绝缘材料特性影响方面尚需深入研究。为此,采用具备快速检测能力的脉冲电声测试系统,研究了低密度聚乙烯材料在分频电压下不同电场强度、温度时的空间电荷特性以及频率改变对电荷积聚行为的影响。结果表明:当场强及温度条件较为苛刻时,电荷积聚明显;而随着频率的降低电荷积聚量增加,频率下降至20 Hz后,电荷增长速度显著提高。在此基础上,建立了应用于交变电场下的双极型载流子模型,通过仿真计算对实验观察进行了合理化解释,揭示了电场、温度及频率对空间电荷行为的影响机理。研究方法和结果可为海上风电分频输电系统中的频率选择及线缆绝缘优化设计提供理论支撑。

基于滑动窗宽优化的LMSSGST识别非平稳信号瞬时频率

为提高非平稳响应信号瞬时频率的识别效果,提出基于滑动窗宽优化的局部最大同步挤压广义S变换(local maximum synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform,LMSSGST)。该方法首先对非平稳响应信号进行广义S变换获得相应的时频系数;其次,利用该响应信号的功率谱密度特征曲线确定局部最大同步挤压算子中滑动窗的宽度;再次,通过局部最大同步挤压算子进行时频重排;最后,采用模极大值改进算法提取瞬时频率曲线。通过两个数值算例、一个滑动窗宽参数分析和一个时变拉索试验验证了所提方法的有效性,研究结果表明:利用功率谱密度特征曲线能够有效确定滑动窗的窗宽和模极大值算法的提取范围。相比局部最大同步挤压变换算法,基于滑动窗宽优化的LMSSGST具有更佳的瞬时频率识别效果。

不同温度及厚度下非交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料工频交流击穿表现

热塑性聚乙烯基电缆绝缘材料具有优于交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene,XLPE)的电气和机械性能,有望成为新一代绿色环保的电缆绝缘材料。在电缆结构设计中,保守的安全绝缘厚度使得电缆的生产成本增加,降低绝缘层的击穿电场强度;并且在电缆实际运行过程中,绝缘材料往往工作在70~90℃高温环境下;因此针对新型绝缘材料,温度及厚度对其击穿电场强度的影响研究具有工程实际意义。以线性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)/高密度聚乙烯(high density polyethylene,HDPE)共混绝缘材料为研究对象,进行不同温度下(30、70、90、105℃)及不同厚度下的工频击穿实验,研究温度和厚度对其交流击穿的影响。测试结果表明:相较于XLPE绝缘材料,70L-30H(即LLDPE与HDPE在配比为7∶3的情况下熔融共混得到的绝缘材料)具有较高的工频击穿电场强度,在低于工况温度环境下,其击穿电场强度的温度稳定性较高;然而70L-30H的工频击穿电场强度受厚度影响程度略高,但在相同厚度下其击穿电场强度仍明显高于XLPE。上述研究可为热塑性聚乙烯基电缆绝缘材料研发提供参考。

低频脉冲电磁场联合递增负荷功率自行车运动在骨质疏松患者中的应用效果

目的:观察低频脉冲电磁场联合递增负荷功率自行车运动在骨质疏松患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年5月至2022年5月该院收治的126例骨质疏松患者进行前瞻性研究,根据随机数字表法将其分为研究组和对照组各63例。对照组给予递增负荷功率自行车运动治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合低频脉冲电磁场治疗,比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后视觉模拟评分表(VAS)评分、日本骨科学会下腰痛评估量表(JOA)评分、Barthel指数(BI)评分、骨密度和骨代谢指标[血钙(Ca)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血磷(P)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)]水平。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为95.24%(60/63),高于对照组的80.95%(51/63),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组VAS评分低于对照组,JOA和BI评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组股骨颈、股骨粗隆、Wards三角、腰椎骨密度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组Ca水平高于对照组,ALP、P、PTH水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:低频脉冲电磁场联合递增负荷功率自行车运动应用于骨质疏松患者可提高治疗总有效率、骨密度、JOA评分和BI评分,改善骨代谢指标水平,降低VAS评分,效果优于单纯递增负荷功率自行车运动治疗。

全球超导重力仪地震频段背景噪声

详细研究了超导重力仪台站背景噪声水平的评估方法;基于该方法,选取了2010智利地震、2011Tohoku地震和2015智利地震前后多台超导重力观测数据,评估其在地震频段的背景噪声水平,得到了不同台站的地震噪声等级SNM;对不同超导重力仪记录背景噪声水平最低的5天进行统计分析,得出包含大震事件的多台站连续超导重力数据求取最平静期时段,大震发生前5天至大震发生后10天可不予考虑,为多台站的地震平静期时段选取提供参考。

基于频域的风电场功率波动仿真(一)模型及分析技术

随着国内风电装机容量的不断攀升,风电场的随机功率波动将显著影响电力系统的安全可靠运行。现有研究多从时域或统计的角度出发,研究功率波动对电力系统的影响。然而,由于时域或统计的方法无法完整描述功率波动产生的物理机理,其评估结果偏差较大。为了克服以上问题,文中从频域的角度出发,以风速的谱密度函数为基础,结合风电机组的频域模型及风电场天气、地理位置等信息,研究大型风电场随机功率波动的频域特性。相对于传统的时域或统计方法,基于频域的方法物理意义更为清晰,能够针对大型风电场功率波动形成的每一个过程均建立较为准确且实用的模型。通过对比某风电场的实测与仿真数据,验证了所提出方法的正确性和有效性。