By using the routine observation data,a heavy precipitation process which happened in Guangxi on May 27,2006 was analyzed.The results that this heavy precipitation occurred in the common coordination weather system wh...By using the routine observation data,a heavy precipitation process which happened in Guangxi on May 27,2006 was analyzed.The results that this heavy precipitation occurred in the common coordination weather system which included the high-altitude trough,the shear line and the ground cold front.The ascent branch of subtropical longitude circle circulation and the polar front jet stream longitude circle circulation had the important role for the formation of rainstorm area.The coupling effect of southerly jet,low-altitude westerly jet and high-altitude westerly jet in the boundary layer was the important reason of rainstorm occurrence.展开更多
By using the durative rainstorm data in South China during May-early June in 2010,the forecast characteristics of K index and low level jet were analyzed.The results found that K2 had the good indication,advancement a...By using the durative rainstorm data in South China during May-early June in 2010,the forecast characteristics of K index and low level jet were analyzed.The results found that K2 had the good indication,advancement and relativity on the intensity and falling zone forecast of regional rainstorm in future 24 h,and the positive relative coefficient reached 0.987.The low level jet also had the same advancement and indication significance on the intensity and influence scope of regional rainstorm in 24 h in the future,and the relative coefficient reached above 0.8.K2 and the low level jet were selected as the main factors,and the basic conceptual model of rainstorm falling zone was established.The model has passed the computer program and realized the business automation.K2 provided the important basis for the forecast of rainstorm intensity and falling zone.展开更多
Based on the previous research on the model of rainstorm weather with low-level jet in Xiangtan,using the classification result of radar echo characteristics,the wind profile data provided by new generation of weather...Based on the previous research on the model of rainstorm weather with low-level jet in Xiangtan,using the classification result of radar echo characteristics,the wind profile data provided by new generation of weather radar in Changsha and hourly rainfall data,a thorough study of the heavy rainfall from 2 to 5 July 2016 in Xiangtan was conducted. It was concluded that heavy precipitation had the characteristics of the WPSH pattern of rainstorm with low-level jet at early stage,and then it converted to cold shear jet pattern in latter stage. When low-level southwest jet began to have momentum download,that is to say,there was more than 12 m/s of southwest jet below 1 km,and it rapidly strengthened and expanded downward,it was conducive to the occurrence of short-term rainstorm. The low-level jet would not immediately cause a strong precipitation when it reached the station,with a certain lag. A positive correlation existed between the increase of low-level jet index and precipitation intensity,and low-level jet index could predict the occurrence of heavy rainfall and rain intensity.展开更多
On the basis of the budget equations for KR and KD, this paper presents the horizontal pattern of budget terms for two kinds of low level jets (LLJ ) with and without heavy rain. The results show that the mechanisms f...On the basis of the budget equations for KR and KD, this paper presents the horizontal pattern of budget terms for two kinds of low level jets (LLJ ) with and without heavy rain. The results show that the mechanisms for generating and maintaining LLJ are different, and especially, the direction of energy conversion is opposite. A positive conversion from KD to KR appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition in the lower troposphere near the heavy rain area. The intensity and direction of energy conversion depends not only on the relative position of vorticity and divergence field, but also on the vertical profile of the jets directly.展开更多
In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area,statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations,characteristics of their cor...In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area,statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations,characteristics of their cores and accompanying weather conditions using wind profile data in 2005-2008 collected by two wind profilers.The results show that low-level jets have significant monthly and diurnal variations.They occur more frequently in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and are more active in early morning and at night,with the maximum wind speed usually occurring at midnight.The central part of the low-level jet occurs mainly at the height of less than 1400 meters,and the enhancement of central speed is beneficial to the appearance of precipitation.Meanwhile,when the low-level jet appears in summer,it helps cause heavy rain.The statistical results of the boundary wind profiler are well consistent with those of the tropospheric wind profiler.Two kinds of wind profilers also have the capability of continuously detecting the development of low-level jets.展开更多
A dual-jet consisting of a wall jet and an offset jet has been numerically simulated using lattice Boltzmann method to examine the effects of jet spacing between two jet centerlines,defined as s.The Reynolds number ba...A dual-jet consisting of a wall jet and an offset jet has been numerically simulated using lattice Boltzmann method to examine the effects of jet spacing between two jet centerlines,defined as s.The Reynolds number based on jet-exit-width dis set to be Re = 56 and the jet spacing is set to be less than or equal 10 times the jet-exitwidth.Computational results reveal that the flow field displays periodic vortex shedding when the jet spacing is in the range of 9≤s/d ≤ 10,while it remains steady with two counter-rotating vortices in the converging region when s/d ≤ 8.When s/d = 9,the power spectral analyses indicate that the vortex shedding phenomenon has specific frequency.The significant oscillation stresses induced by the periodic components of velocities are found to mainly exist in the inner shear layer regions,implying stronger momentum transfer occuring in these regions.展开更多
Oscillation phenomena in far field region of plane jets are studied by lattice Boltzmann method over a range of Reynolds numbers (Re) from 16 to 65. Numerical results show that the instantaneous centerline velocitie...Oscillation phenomena in far field region of plane jets are studied by lattice Boltzmann method over a range of Reynolds numbers (Re) from 16 to 65. Numerical results show that the instantaneous centerline velocities show periodic oscillation behavior in far field region when Re〉38. In contrast, the periodic behavior is invisible in corresponding flow field when Re≤38. For the cases of Re≤38, the exchange of momentum due to straining mo- tion gradually dominates the downstream flow filed, which qualitatively suggests the possibility of iet instability.展开更多
In this study, the influence of the initial jet angles (IJAs) and ion number densities (INDs) at the cathode side on the low current vacuum arc (LCVA) characteristics is simulated and analysed. The results show ...In this study, the influence of the initial jet angles (IJAs) and ion number densities (INDs) at the cathode side on the low current vacuum arc (LCVA) characteristics is simulated and analysed. The results show that the ion temperature, electron temperature, ion number density, axial current density and plasma pressure all decrease with the increase of the cathode IJAs. It is also shown that LCVA can cause a current constriction for lower cathode IND, and the anode sheath potential is more nonuniform, which is mainly related to the nonuniform distribution of the axial current density at the anode side.展开更多
受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数...受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。展开更多
基金Supported by The Forecaster Special Project of New Technology Spreading Scheme of China Meteorological Administration(CMATG2008Y07)The Brainstorm Project of Guangxi Science and Technology Department(Guangxi Science and Technology Brainstorm Project 0993002-1 and 0816006-9)
文摘By using the routine observation data,a heavy precipitation process which happened in Guangxi on May 27,2006 was analyzed.The results that this heavy precipitation occurred in the common coordination weather system which included the high-altitude trough,the shear line and the ground cold front.The ascent branch of subtropical longitude circle circulation and the polar front jet stream longitude circle circulation had the important role for the formation of rainstorm area.The coupling effect of southerly jet,low-altitude westerly jet and high-altitude westerly jet in the boundary layer was the important reason of rainstorm occurrence.
文摘By using the durative rainstorm data in South China during May-early June in 2010,the forecast characteristics of K index and low level jet were analyzed.The results found that K2 had the good indication,advancement and relativity on the intensity and falling zone forecast of regional rainstorm in future 24 h,and the positive relative coefficient reached 0.987.The low level jet also had the same advancement and indication significance on the intensity and influence scope of regional rainstorm in 24 h in the future,and the relative coefficient reached above 0.8.K2 and the low level jet were selected as the main factors,and the basic conceptual model of rainstorm falling zone was established.The model has passed the computer program and realized the business automation.K2 provided the important basis for the forecast of rainstorm intensity and falling zone.
基金Supported by Forecasters' Special Project of Hunan Meteorological Bureau in 2016(XQKJ16C003)
文摘Based on the previous research on the model of rainstorm weather with low-level jet in Xiangtan,using the classification result of radar echo characteristics,the wind profile data provided by new generation of weather radar in Changsha and hourly rainfall data,a thorough study of the heavy rainfall from 2 to 5 July 2016 in Xiangtan was conducted. It was concluded that heavy precipitation had the characteristics of the WPSH pattern of rainstorm with low-level jet at early stage,and then it converted to cold shear jet pattern in latter stage. When low-level southwest jet began to have momentum download,that is to say,there was more than 12 m/s of southwest jet below 1 km,and it rapidly strengthened and expanded downward,it was conducive to the occurrence of short-term rainstorm. The low-level jet would not immediately cause a strong precipitation when it reached the station,with a certain lag. A positive correlation existed between the increase of low-level jet index and precipitation intensity,and low-level jet index could predict the occurrence of heavy rainfall and rain intensity.
文摘On the basis of the budget equations for KR and KD, this paper presents the horizontal pattern of budget terms for two kinds of low level jets (LLJ ) with and without heavy rain. The results show that the mechanisms for generating and maintaining LLJ are different, and especially, the direction of energy conversion is opposite. A positive conversion from KD to KR appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition in the lower troposphere near the heavy rain area. The intensity and direction of energy conversion depends not only on the relative position of vorticity and divergence field, but also on the vertical profile of the jets directly.
基金Open Research Foundation for Radar Meteorology and Severe Weather in Nanjing(BJG201203)Research Fund for Fundamental Theories in Institute of Meteorology and oceanography,PLA University of Science and Technology+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41005018)Young Scientists Foundation(41105023)
文摘In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area,statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations,characteristics of their cores and accompanying weather conditions using wind profile data in 2005-2008 collected by two wind profilers.The results show that low-level jets have significant monthly and diurnal variations.They occur more frequently in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and are more active in early morning and at night,with the maximum wind speed usually occurring at midnight.The central part of the low-level jet occurs mainly at the height of less than 1400 meters,and the enhancement of central speed is beneficial to the appearance of precipitation.Meanwhile,when the low-level jet appears in summer,it helps cause heavy rain.The statistical results of the boundary wind profiler are well consistent with those of the tropospheric wind profiler.Two kinds of wind profilers also have the capability of continuously detecting the development of low-level jets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11402124)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20140985)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.14KJB130002)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST(No.2013x031)
文摘A dual-jet consisting of a wall jet and an offset jet has been numerically simulated using lattice Boltzmann method to examine the effects of jet spacing between two jet centerlines,defined as s.The Reynolds number based on jet-exit-width dis set to be Re = 56 and the jet spacing is set to be less than or equal 10 times the jet-exitwidth.Computational results reveal that the flow field displays periodic vortex shedding when the jet spacing is in the range of 9≤s/d ≤ 10,while it remains steady with two counter-rotating vortices in the converging region when s/d ≤ 8.When s/d = 9,the power spectral analyses indicate that the vortex shedding phenomenon has specific frequency.The significant oscillation stresses induced by the periodic components of velocities are found to mainly exist in the inner shear layer regions,implying stronger momentum transfer occuring in these regions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10472046)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province(CX08B-035Z)the PhD Thesis Innovation and Excellence Fund of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(BCXJ08-01)
文摘Oscillation phenomena in far field region of plane jets are studied by lattice Boltzmann method over a range of Reynolds numbers (Re) from 16 to 65. Numerical results show that the instantaneous centerline velocities show periodic oscillation behavior in far field region when Re〉38. In contrast, the periodic behavior is invisible in corresponding flow field when Re≤38. For the cases of Re≤38, the exchange of momentum due to straining mo- tion gradually dominates the downstream flow filed, which qualitatively suggests the possibility of iet instability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50537050)
文摘In this study, the influence of the initial jet angles (IJAs) and ion number densities (INDs) at the cathode side on the low current vacuum arc (LCVA) characteristics is simulated and analysed. The results show that the ion temperature, electron temperature, ion number density, axial current density and plasma pressure all decrease with the increase of the cathode IJAs. It is also shown that LCVA can cause a current constriction for lower cathode IND, and the anode sheath potential is more nonuniform, which is mainly related to the nonuniform distribution of the axial current density at the anode side.
文摘受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。