Reasons and Solutions of the Time-consuming College English Teaching with Low Efficiency

College English teaching has been regarded as time- consuming with low efficiency for a long time. This thesis proceeds with the entity of English education in China, deals with the main problems lying in the current college English teaching from 3 perspectives, including the nation and society, teachers, and students, and provides 5 suggestions accordingly.

Policy variables affecting marginal level of low carbon employment: an empirical study based on provincial data of China

Low Carbon Employment is an inevitable choice for the purpose of ＂energy-saving and emission reduction＂ and ＂promoting employment＂. By Multi-variable Linear Backward Regression method, this study presents an empirical analysis of the emplovment impact of policy variables indexes that involves economic pull, industry upgrading, population development, technical inputs and so on. The paper demonstrates that wide range offactors will affect low carbon employment, that industry upgrading will affect how carbon employment remarkably, that to increase years of people education will notably improve low carbon employment level of secondary vocational-technical labor, and that to raise technical inputs will significantly enhance college students＇ low carbon employment.

Role of Researcher/Academia in Making UK Low Carbon Policy

This study focuses on the role of researcher/academia in making low carbon policy in the UK. UK researchers and universities enjoy relatively high degree of independence of their research from the government due to its statute that guarantees its independence （＂The Haldene Principle＂）. In addition, there was a recent movement for evidence-based policy in the UK, which requires more economic and scientific robustness, therefore role of engineers and social scientists are increasingly important. In particular, social science will have a greater role in changing people＇s behavior with high level of uncertainty. UK businesses have played a leading role to move forward the climate policy such as UKETS （United Kingdom Emissions Trading Scheme） as well as low carbon policy. The regular communication and consultation is a crucial basis for making integrated policy, which involves wide range of stakeholders. The legally binding targets set out by Climate Change Act 2008 required structural change of the government to implement the necessary policies and measures especially by integrating climate and energy policy.

Optimization and Regulation Policy for Land Use Changes Based on Low-carbon Emission in Developed Regions of China

Land use and cover change(LUCC) is one of the important causes of the Earth’s carbon cycle imbalances resulting from failure in optimizing land use. The solution to this problem has been the hotspot of research in land and environmental science. We took 'low carbon', 'energy saving' and 'high-efficiency' as the goals of land use optimization,and integrated Markov-CA(Cellular Automaton),the Grid-Fractal model and GIS,in order to study carbon emission objective function,to establish a simulation method for land use spatial allocation optimization,to evaluate the effect of the method on carbon emissions. Regulation policy on three types of land use spatial allocation was proposed,including 'low-carbon type', 'low-carbon-economic type' and 'economic type'. We applied the method to analyze the land use spatial allocation in Taixing City of the 'Yangtze River Delta' regions in China,and obtained the following results:(i) The three optimization types would improve carbon emissions by 3. 21%,1. 80% and 0. 36% respectively in 2020,compared with 2010;(ii) The actual planning for 2020 was close to the 'low-carbon-economic type';(iii) The optimization method and regulation policy,combining local optimization and global control,could meet the sustainable multi-objective requirements for low-carbon constraints of land use spatial allocation. The result of this research could also serve as a reference for exploration into patterns of regional low-carbon land use and measures for energy saving and emission reduction.

Research on the transmission mechanism of low-carbon policies:an empirical study of agricultural companies

Companies bear primary responsibility for low-carbon economy,thus relevant low-carbon policies should be set properly to guide them and to ensure their low-carbon production effectively.To solve the problems generated during low-carbon development,this article verifies the existence of the transmission path and strength.This verification includes mediating variables of companies'willingness and capacity to conduct low-carbon production,a transmission mechanism through incentive path and resources protection,and questionnaire data of agricultural companies.Conclusions show that the lowcarbon policies have obvious positive effects on willingness of corporation;the basic service-oriented policy has a significantly promoting effect on low-carbon production capacity;and low-carbon production performance is positively influenced by willingness as well as capability.Aiming at a better transmission path,some corresponding recommendations have been put forward in the end.

Building a Low-carbon Development Policy System towards Carbon Neutrality

China has proposed that it will strive to achieve the carbon neutrality target by 2060,providing strategic guidance for China to accelerate the transformation of its development mode and economic restructuring.But it is very challenging to achieve the target.It requires systematic top design as well as scientific formulation of long-term planning,while multiple institutional policies and institutional mechanism reforms need to be strengthened,such as rule of law,administration and economy,to form a systematic and effective incentive and constraint mechanism.Through the exploration and improvement of its three five-year plans,China has formed a low-carbon policy guarantee system led by binding targets,highlighting key industries and regions,and comprising planning,laws,administrative orders,pilot projects,markets,finance and taxation,and other aspects.However,there are still many problems,including the lack of clear policy paths in the near,medium and long term,the absence of key systems such as total carbon emission control system and climate legislation,poor inter-departmental communication and coordination mechanisms,and inadequate systems such as carbon markets and climate investment and financing.Finally,taking into account the current opportunities and challenges,we propose a low-carbon development policy guarantee system for China to move towards carbon neutrality.

Design and impact estimation of a reform program of China's tax and fee policies for low-grade oil and gas resources

With China＇s rapid economic development,it is important to formulate reasonable and feasible tax and fee policies to promote the development and utilization of low-grade oil and gas resources to guarantee China＇s energy supply security.In this paper,by analyzing major problems of China＇s current tax and fee policies for oil and gas resources,a reform program for low-grade oil and gas resources is designed from the aspects of tax/fee items and tax/fee rates.The impacts of this reform program on China and China＇s oil companies during the ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂ are investigated according to the related data in 2008.The results show that the proposed tax and fee reform program will lower the tax burden of oil companies,promote the development of low-grade oil and gas resources,and increase China＇s GDP and national fiscal revenue.Besides that,it will bring positive social effects by increasing employment opportunities.

Study on Carbon Emission Driving Factors and Low-carbon Policy of Transportation Industry in Henan Province

The transportation industry is the basic industry of national economic development. At the same time, it is the only industry in China that has continuously increased CO2 emissions, and the high energy consumption problems have not been solved. Henan province, as a major energy consumption province, it is urgent to improve the supply quality of transportation industry. The paper uses the IPCC calculation method for carbon emission to calculate the CO2 emissions of transportation industry in Henan province from 2004 to 2014. Then, this paper uses the LMDI method to decompose the CO2 emission in the transportation industry and give the proposal to reduce the CO2 emission according to the CO2 emission drivers.

Impact of Plastic Waste on the Human Health in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or microparticles, as it slowly degrades, plastic pollution poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the wildlife that call them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the chemicals contained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documentation on the impact of plastic waste on human health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impact of plastic waste on human health in developing countries. We included quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and French. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 articles were initially identified by searching electronic databases. After eliminating duplicates, 3167 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, and 26 were selected for full-text review. Only three articles were retained. The three articles dealt with practices likely to lead to oral exposure to plastic chemicals in human health, as well as the level of awareness of participants concerning the possible impact of plastic on human health, namely, the use of plastic baby bottles, the use of microwaves to cook food and reheat precooked food, the use of plastic bottles to store water in the refrigerator, water purifier containers with plastic bodies and plastic lunch boxes, the reuse of plastic bags and the inadequacy of treatment facilities. Conclusion: Plastic waste poses different risks to human health at every stage of its life cycle. Hence, strategies must be adopted to raise public awareness of the dangers of plastic waste to their health. Trial registration: The review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (ID = CRD42023409087).

Welfare and Market Impacts of Food Safety Measures in China: Results from Urban Consumers' Valuation of Product Attributes

This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to elicit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An alternative welfare calculation is used to model aggregate market impacts of select food safety measures. Our results show that the largest welfare gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The implementation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceability network and a product label would generate signiifcant value and would help reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study builds on previous research and provides an alternative approach for calculating consumer valuation of safety and quality attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and welfare impacts.

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

Australian Consumer Attitudes and Decision Making on Renewable Energy Technology and Its Impact on the Transformation of the Energy Sector

This paper critically examines research on consumer attitudes and behavior towards solar photovoltaic (PV) and renewable energy technology in Australia. The uptake of renewable energy technology by residential consumers in Australia in the past decade has transformed the electricity supply and demand paradigm. Thus, this paper reviews Australian research on consumer behavior, understanding and choices in order to identify gaps in knowledge. As the role of the consumer transforms, there is a critical need to understand the ways that consumers may respond to future energy policies to mitigate unforeseen negative social and economic consequence of programs designed to achieve positive environmental outcomes.

China's adjustment of climate change policies:what lessons can be learned from the US?

From the US New Energy Plan, personnel appointment, and diplomatic activities, etc., we can see that US is now on the way to returning to the negotiation table and undertaking the leadership in addressing climate change. What US has done puts tremendous challenges on China, which emits large amount of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. However, different from US, China is undergoing rapid development, and huge energy consumption is unavoidable. China has to make a balance between developing economy and addressing climate change. This paper focuses on the US climate change policies and its greenhouse gas emissions, and its influences on China climate change policy. China greenhouse gas emissions and relative policies are also analyzed to see what situation China is in, and what challenges that China is facing. Consequently, combing China's local situation, we propose several solutions for China to address climate change, i.e. moving towards a low carbon economy, struggling for emitting more, enhancing China-US cooperation, and implementing different climate change policies based on local situation. Meanwhile, the achievements that China has made are also introduced.

Overview of Low-carbon Economy Research

The paper has a detailed literature review in low-carbon economy research of academic circle in our country from three aspects that are conception and connotation of low-carbon economy, necessity and urgency of developing low-carbon economy and path choice of realizing low-carbon economy in our country. low-carbon economy is the "green economy" that obtains the maximum output by discharging minimum greenhouse gases with the main characteristics of "three low and three high" that are low energy consumption, low pollution, low discharge and high effect, high efficiency, high benefit. To China, developing low-carbon economy is the inevitable choice in realizing peaceful rising and sustainable development as a responsible large country. It conforms to world trends and corresponds to China's actual conditions. Finally, the paper makes a overview of the path choice in realizing low-carbon economy in our country from eight aspects-integral countermeasures and suggestions, technology innovation, consumption pattern innovation, policy innovation, environmental and financial innovation, building low-carbon city, establishing carbon trading market and developing low-carbon agriculture.

生育率回升的公共政策:约束、激励和扶持

低生育问题成为中国未来面临的社会难题,为了治理低生育率问题,中央政府先后出台了“单独二孩”“全面两孩”和三孩政策,各地政府积极跟进,但收效甚微。如何才能够使生育率得到回升呢?由于生育是关乎亿万家庭和国家发展的大事,既是个体民生又是国家兴衰、民族复兴的公共性事务,生育问题也就成为具有公共性的问题。通过梳理国内外应对低生育率的公共政策实践经验,总结分析当前我国推升生育率政策效果不佳的原因。基于公共政策视域研究认为,需要通过制度、文化的建构和形塑,在约束不生“源头”的基础之上与“激励”和“扶持”个体生育需求相结合,系统性多维度协同促进生育率回升到适度水平。

Technology System of Low Energy Housing of Water Town in Southern Bank of Yangze River Based on SI System

Development of new vernacular dwelling of water town in the southern bank of the Yangze River is an important approach to improve rural appearance,infrastructure,quality of life,and to realize new urbanization of this area. How would this process to inherit the quintessence of traditional local-style dwelling as well as integrate with low energy consumption technology is also an important problem due to the valuable Chinese traditional architectural culture in this area. Taking SI system as breaking point,this paper analyzes the green ecological characteristics of traditional residence in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River,discusses the current residential technology of low energy consumption, and proposes the low energy consumption residential technology integration system in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River.Based on this,this paper takes the SDC 2013 entry "solark"as a practical application case study and further expounds the prospects of this technology system.

How Environmental Attitudes Affect Consumers’Willingness to Engage in Green Consumption Behaviors:The Moderating Role of“Plastic Restriction”

Consumers’willingness to engage in green consumption behavior will be guided by internal psychological factors and also influenced by external environmental factors.One of the most common external interventions is the issuance of scientific policies and regulations.The government may introduce policies and regulations that help to increase the willingness of green consumption behavior,such as energy-saving and emission reduction policies and policies to restrict plastic products.In this paper,the authors study the mechanism of the effect of environmental attitudes on consumers’willingness to engage in green consumption behavior from the perspective of“plastic restriction”,and conclude that the magnitude of the effect of policies and regulations on the willingness to engage in green consumption behavior varies significantly at different levels of environmental attitudes.This study provides scientific implementation ideas and targeted management suggestions for the government to formulate effective external intervention policies for green consumption.

交通出行提质推动城市转型升级——中国城市交通发展论坛第34次研讨会

城市交通发展重点由增量建设转入存量优化阶段,通过优化城市既有交通设施提升居民出行品质,是适应新时代城市交通需求、助力城市发展转型升级的必然要求。中国城市交通发展论坛于2023年12月11日在天津市举办了2023年第4次(总第34次)常规研讨会,主题为“交通出行提质推动城市转型升级”,聚焦高质量发展目标下城市交通面临的机遇与挑战、新趋势与战略思路、发展路径和关键举措。与会嘉宾围绕面向2035年中国城市交通发展战略、传统商业街区更新的经验与路径、建设国际消费中心城市、天津和广州高质量发展转型的实践案例等展开研讨,提出多项城市交通转型升级和城市高品质宜居发展策略。本次论坛由中国城市交通发展论坛组委会主办,天津市城市规划设计研究总院有限公司承办。

生育文化、生育制度与生育率——兼论三孩生育政策及其配套支持措施的可能效果

随着中国少子老龄化程度的不断加深,如何促使生育率回升至适度水平成为政府和学界重点关注的议题,其中以三孩生育政策及其配套支持措施为代表的鼓励型生育制度和以“多子多福”为核心的传统生育文化被寄予厚望,希望借此帮助中国摆脱“低生育率陷阱”。然而,研究发现:中华文化圈国家或地区的生育率远低于其他国家与地区,而海外华人则是所在国生育率最低的族群之一,传统生育文化在现代社会已然发生了嬗变,对促使低生育率回升的作用已十分有限,取而代之的是“晚婚晚育少生优生甚至不婚不育”的现代生育文化,并形塑起一种内生性的低生育率机制。与此同时,欧洲和东亚国家通过构建鼓励型生育制度后依然深陷低生育率陷阱,无法有效刺激低生育率回升至适度水平。中国三孩生育政策及其配套支持措施的预期效果同样不容乐观,而生育文化、生育制度和生育率之间存在着十分复杂的互构关系,亟需从结构性和内生性的“文化—制度”视角去重新审视我国生育率转变的形成机制。