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Atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction
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作者 Ding-Han Zhu Xiong Zhang +3 位作者 Xiao-Qiang Li Peng Li Yan-Bin Wang Shuang Zhang 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期40-52,共13页
In high-altitude nuclear detonations,the proportion of pulsed X-ray energy can exceed 70%,making it a specific monitoring signal for such events.These pulsed X-rays can be captured using a satellite-borne X-ray detect... In high-altitude nuclear detonations,the proportion of pulsed X-ray energy can exceed 70%,making it a specific monitoring signal for such events.These pulsed X-rays can be captured using a satellite-borne X-ray detector following atmospheric transmission.To quantitatively analyze the effects of different satellite detection altitudes,burst heights,and transmission angles on the physical processes of X-ray transport and energy fluence,we developed an atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction.The proposed method is an improvement over the traditional analytical method that only computes direct-transmission X-rays.The traditional analytical method exhibits a maximum relative error of 67.79% compared with the Monte Carlo method.Our improved method reduces this error to within 10% under the same conditions,even reaching 1% in certain scenarios.Moreover,its computation time is 48,000 times faster than that of the Monte Carlo method.These results have important theoretical significance and engineering application value for designing satellite-borne nuclear detonation pulsed X-ray detectors,inverting nuclear detonation source terms,and assessing ionospheric effects. 展开更多
关键词 High-altitude nuclear detonation Atmospheric transmission Pulsed x-rays Scattering correction Analytical method Monte Carlo method
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Pulmonary Edema and Pleural Effusion Detection Using Efficient Net-V1-B4 Architecture and AdamW Optimizer from Chest X-Rays Images
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作者 Anas AbuKaraki Tawfi Alrawashdeh +4 位作者 Sumaya Abusaleh Malek Zakarya Alksasbeh Bilal Alqudah Khalid Alemerien Hamzah Alshamaseen 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第7期1055-1073,共19页
This paper presents a novelmulticlass systemdesigned to detect pleural effusion and pulmonary edema on chest Xray images,addressing the critical need for early detection in healthcare.A new comprehensive dataset was f... This paper presents a novelmulticlass systemdesigned to detect pleural effusion and pulmonary edema on chest Xray images,addressing the critical need for early detection in healthcare.A new comprehensive dataset was formed by combining 28,309 samples from the ChestX-ray14,PadChest,and CheXpert databases,with 10,287,6022,and 12,000 samples representing Pleural Effusion,Pulmonary Edema,and Normal cases,respectively.Consequently,the preprocessing step involves applying the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)method to boost the local contrast of the X-ray samples,then resizing the images to 380×380 dimensions,followed by using the data augmentation technique.The classification task employs a deep learning model based on the EfficientNet-V1-B4 architecture and is trained using the AdamW optimizer.The proposed multiclass system achieved an accuracy(ACC)of 98.3%,recall of 98.3%,precision of 98.7%,and F1-score of 98.7%.Moreover,the robustness of the model was revealed by the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis,which demonstrated an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 1.00 for edema and normal cases and 0.99 for effusion.The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposedmulti-class system,which has the potential to assist clinicians in timely and accurate diagnosis,leading to improved patient outcomes.Notably,ablation-CAM visualization at the last convolutional layer portrayed further enhanced diagnostic capabilities with heat maps on X-ray images,which will aid clinicians in interpreting and localizing abnormalities more effectively. 展开更多
关键词 Image classification decision support system EfficientNet-V1-B4 AdamW optimizer pulmonary edema pleural effusion chest x-rays
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Single Tooth Segmentation on Panoramic X-Rays Using End-to-End Deep Neural Networks
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作者 Yu Sun Jing Feng +5 位作者 Huang Du Juan Liu Baochuan Pang Cheng Li Jinxian Li Dehua Cao 《Open Journal of Stomatology》 2024年第6期316-326,共11页
In dentistry, panoramic X-ray images are extensively used by dentists for tooth structure analysis and disease diagnosis. However, the manual analysis of these images is time-consuming and prone to misdiagnosis or ove... In dentistry, panoramic X-ray images are extensively used by dentists for tooth structure analysis and disease diagnosis. However, the manual analysis of these images is time-consuming and prone to misdiagnosis or overlooked. While deep learning techniques have been employed to segment teeth in panoramic X-ray images, accurate segmentation of individual teeth remains an underexplored area. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep learning method that effectively addresses this challenge by employing an improved combinatorial loss function to separate the boundaries of adjacent teeth, enabling precise segmentation of individual teeth in panoramic X-ray images. We validate the feasibility of our approach using a challenging dataset. By training our segmentation network on 115 panoramic X-ray images, we achieve an intersection over union (IoU) of 86.56% for tooth segmentation and an accuracy of 65.52% in tooth counting on 87 test set images. Experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of our proposed method in single tooth segmentation compared to existing methods. 展开更多
关键词 Single Tooth Segmentation Teeth Counting Panoramic X-Ray Combinatorial Loss
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肺癌骨转移^(99m)Tc-MDP骨显像的临床价值及与CT、X-rays检查对比观察 被引量:10
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作者 龙为红 李德仁 吴文 《中国肿瘤临床与康复》 2002年第2期4-5,共2页
目的 评价99mTc MDP骨显像诊断肺癌骨转移的临床价值。方法  12 8例肺癌骨转移患者常规行99mTc MDP骨显像检查。 91例患者同时行骨显像、CT检查 :74例病变部位相符者同时行骨显像、X rays检查。分别对比观察99mTc MDP骨显像与CT、X r... 目的 评价99mTc MDP骨显像诊断肺癌骨转移的临床价值。方法  12 8例肺癌骨转移患者常规行99mTc MDP骨显像检查。 91例患者同时行骨显像、CT检查 :74例病变部位相符者同时行骨显像、X rays检查。分别对比观察99mTc MDP骨显像与CT、X rays诊断肺癌骨转移的阳性检出率 ,并分析相互之间产生差异的原因和机制。结果 全部病例中 ,99mTc MDP骨显像阳性检出率为 91.4% (117/12 8) ,假阳性率为 12 .0 % (16/13 3 ) ,假阴性率 8.5 9% (11/12 8) ;对比观察99mTc MDP骨显像与CT ,阳性检出率分别为 85 .7% (78/91)、2 9.7% (2 2 /74) ,(P <0 .0 1,已剔除部位不相符因素 ,但未剔除X线检查部位包括不全因素 )。结论 99mTc MDP骨显像诊断肺癌骨转移具有较高的临床价值 ,辅以CT、X rays检查可提高阳性诊断的准确性。 展开更多
关键词 肺癌 骨肿瘤 转移性 骨显像 CT x-rays
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Structure and electrochemical performance of delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles for supercapacitor electrodes
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作者 Choulong Veann Thongsuk Sichumsaeng +3 位作者 Ornuma Kalawa Narong Chanlek Pinit Kidkhunthod Santi Maensiri 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS 2025年第1期201-213,共13页
Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and ... Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and 500℃to obtain the delafossite AgFe0_(2)phase.The morphology and microstructure of the prepared AgFeO_(2)samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption/desorption,X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.A three-electrode system was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles in a 3 M KOH electrolyte.The delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles calcined at 100℃(AFO100)exhibited the highest surface area of 28.02 m^(2)·g^(-1)and outstanding electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of 229.71 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and 358.32 F·g^(-1)at a scan rate of 2 mV·s^(-1).This sample also demonstrated the capacitance retention of 82.99% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles,along with superior specific power and specific energy values of 797.46 W·kg^(-1)and 72.74Wh·kg^(-1),respectively.These findings indicate that delafossite AgFeO_(2)has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. 展开更多
关键词 NANOPARTICLES DELAFOSSITE electrochemical properties X-ray absorption spectroscopy CO-PRECIPITATION SUPERCAPACITOR
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Investigation of bubbles escape behavior from low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels using 3D X-ray microscope
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作者 Qiang Liu Xiang Li +3 位作者 Shen Du Ming Gao Yanbin Yin Jiongming Zhang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS 2025年第1期102-110,共9页
During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a rest... During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid slag.In contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive information.Therefore,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding times.The results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles increases.In addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually decreases.In one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the large.These findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels. 展开更多
关键词 mold flux low basicity BUBBLES three-dimensional X-ray microscope VISCOSITY
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Impact of Low-Energy Ion Beam Implantation on the Expression of Ty1-copia-like Retrotransposons in Wheat(Triticum aestivum) 被引量:6
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作者 押辉远 焦浈 +3 位作者 谷运红 王卫东 秦广雍 霍裕平 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第5期626-633,共8页
Retrotransposon-like elements are major constituents of most eukaryotic genomes. For example, they account for roughly 90% of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome, Previous study on a wheat strain treated by low-ene... Retrotransposon-like elements are major constituents of most eukaryotic genomes. For example, they account for roughly 90% of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome, Previous study on a wheat strain treated by low-energy N^+ ions indicated the variations in AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ) markers, One such variation was caused by the re-activation of Tyl-copia-like retrotransposons, implying that the mutagenic effects of lowenergy ions might work through elevated activation of retrotransposons, In this paper an expression profile of Tyl-copia-like retrotransposons in wheat treated by low-energy N^+ ions is reported, The reverse transcriptase (RT) domains of these retrotransposons were amplified by reverse-transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequentially cloned, 42 and 65 clones were obtained from the treated (CL) and control materials (CK), respectively, Sequence analysis of each clone was performed by software. Phylogeny and classification were calculated responding to the sequences of the RT domains. All the results show that there is much difference in the RT domain between the control sample and the treated sample, Especially, the RT domains from the treated group encode significantly more functional ORF (open reading frames) than those from the control sample, This observation suggests that the treated sample has higher activation of retrotransposons, possibly as a consequence of low-energy ion beam irradiation, It also suggests that retrotransposons in the two groups impact the host gene expression in two different ways and carry out different functions in wheat cells. 展开更多
关键词 low-energy ion beam mutation mechanism Tyl-copia-like Retrotransposons phylogeny gene expression
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Damage of low-energy ion irradiation on copper nanowire:molecular dynamics simulation 被引量:2
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作者 邹雪晴 薛建明 王宇钢 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第3期386-393,共8页
Physical and chemical phenomena of low-energy ion irradiation on solid surfaces have been studied systematically for many years, due to the wide applications in surface modification, ion implantation and thin-film gro... Physical and chemical phenomena of low-energy ion irradiation on solid surfaces have been studied systematically for many years, due to the wide applications in surface modification, ion implantation and thin-film growth. Recently the bombardment of nano-scale materials with low-energy ions gained much attention. Comared to bulk materials, nano-scale materials show different physical and chemical properties. In this article, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to study the damage caused by low-energy ion irradiation on copper nanowires. By simulating the ion bombardment of 5 different incident energies, namely, 1 keV, 2 keV, 3 keV, 4 keV and 5 keV, we found that the sputtering yield of the incident ion is linearly proportional to the energies of incident ions. Low-energy impacts mainly induce surface damage to the nanowires, and only a few bulk defects were observed. Surface vacancies and adatoms accumulated to form defect clusters on the surface, and their distribution are related to the type of crystal plane, e.g. surface vacancies prefer to stay on (100) plane, while adatoms prefer (110) plane. These results reveal that the size effect will influence the interaction between low-energy ion and nanowire. 展开更多
关键词 low-energy ion IRRADIATION NANOWIRE molecular dynamics simulation
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The Coulomb effect on a low-energy structure in above-threshold ionization spectra induced by mid-infrared laser pulses 被引量:2
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作者 林志阳 吴明艳 +3 位作者 全威 柳晓军 陈京 程亚 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第2期204-210,共7页
We investigate the low-energy structure (LES) in the above-threshold ionization spectrum at a mid-infrared laser wavelength with a semiclassical model. Using a softened Coulomb potential (CP) and changing the soft... We investigate the low-energy structure (LES) in the above-threshold ionization spectrum at a mid-infrared laser wavelength with a semiclassical model. Using a softened Coulomb potential (CP) and changing the softening parameter, we show that though the very low-energy structure (VLES) and high low-energy structure (HLES) are both due to the interaction between the ionic CP and the electron, the two structures have different physical mechanisms: the VLES can be attributed to the electron-ion Coulomb interaction at a rather small distance and the HLES is more likely to be ascribed to the electron-ion Coulomb interaction at a large distance. 展开更多
关键词 low-energy structure above-threshold ionization electron-ion Coulomb interaction
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A segmented conical electric lens for optimization of the beam spot of the low-energy muon facility at PSI: a Geant4 simulation analysis 被引量:2
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作者 Ran Xiao Elvezio Morenzoni +2 位作者 Zaher Salman Bang-Jiao Ye Thomas Prokscha 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第3期13-22,共10页
The low-energy muon facility at PSI provides nearly fully polarized positive muons with tunable energies in the ke V range to carry out muon spin rotation(LE-μSR)experiments with nanometer depth resolution on thin fi... The low-energy muon facility at PSI provides nearly fully polarized positive muons with tunable energies in the ke V range to carry out muon spin rotation(LE-μSR)experiments with nanometer depth resolution on thin films,heterostructures, and near-surface regions. The low-energy muon beam is focused and transported to the sample by electrostatic lenses. In order to achieve a minimum beam spot size at the sample position and to enable the steering of the beam in the horizontal and vertical direction, a special electrostatic device has been implemented close to the sample position. It consists of a cylinder at ground potential followed by four conically shaped electrodes,which can be operated at different electric potential. In LE-μSR experiments, an electric field at the sample along the beam direction can be applied to accelerate/decelerate muons to different energies(0.5–30 keV). Additionally, a horizontal or vertical magnetic field can be superimposed for transverse or longitudinal field μSR experiments. The focusing properties of the conical lens in the presence of these additional electric and magnetic fields have been investigated and optimized by Geant4 simulations. Some experimental tests were also performed and show that the simulation well describes the experimental setup. 展开更多
关键词 MUON BEAM MUON spin rotation low-energy MUON BEAM size GEANT4
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The development,performances and applications of the monochromatic X-rays facilities in(0.218–301)keV at NIM,China 被引量:5
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作者 Si-Ming Guo Jin-Jie Wu Dong-Jie Hou 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第6期108-121,共14页
Space scientific exploration is rapidly becoming the primary battlefield for humankind to explore the universe.Countries worldwide have launched numerous space exploration satellites.Accurate calibration of the detect... Space scientific exploration is rapidly becoming the primary battlefield for humankind to explore the universe.Countries worldwide have launched numerous space exploration satellites.Accurate calibration of the detectors on the ground is a crucial element for space science satellites to obtain observational results.For the purpose of providing calibration for various satellite-borne detectors,multiple monochromatic X-rays facilities have been built at the National Institute of Metrology,P.R.China(NIM).These facilities mainly pertain to grating diffraction and Bragg diffraction,and the energy range of the produced monochromatic X-rays is 0.218–301 ke V.These facilities have a high performance in terms of energy stability,monochromaticity,and flux stability.The monochromaticity was greater than 3.0%.The energy stability of the facility is 0.02%at 25 ke V over 8 h,and the flux stability was within 1.0%at 25 ke V over 8 h.Calibration experiments on the properties of satellite-borne detectors,such as energy linearity,energy resolution,detection efficiency,and temperature response,can be conducted at the facilities.Thus far,the calibration of two satellites has been completed by the authors,and the work on three other satellites is in progress.This study will contribute to the advancement of X-ray astronomy the development of Chinese space science. 展开更多
关键词 Monochromatic x-rays MONOCHROMATOR Bragg diffraction Energy spectra Calibration
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Radiation-hardened property of single-walled carbon nanotube film-based field-effect transistors under low-energy proton irradiation 被引量:2
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作者 Xiaorui Zhang Huiping Zhu +12 位作者 Song’ang Peng Guodong Xiong Chaoyi Zhu Xinnan Huang Shurui Cao Junjun Zhang Yunpeng Yan Yao Yao Dayong Zhang Jingyuan Shi Lei Wang Bo Li Zhi Jin 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2021年第11期18-25,共8页
Strong C-C bonds,nanoscale cross-section and low atomic number make single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)a potential candidate material for integrated circuits(ICs)applied in outer space.However,very little work comb... Strong C-C bonds,nanoscale cross-section and low atomic number make single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)a potential candidate material for integrated circuits(ICs)applied in outer space.However,very little work combines the simulation calculations with the electrical measurements of SWCNT field-effect transistors(FETs),which limits further understanding on the mechanisms of radiation effects.Here,SWCNT film-based FETs were fabricated to explore the total ionizing dose(TID)and displacement damage effect on the electrical performance under low-energy proton irradiation with different fluences up to 1×1015 p/cm2.Large negative shift of the threshold voltage and obvious decrease of the on-state current verified the TID effect caused in the oxide layer.The stability of the subthreshold swing and the off-state current reveals that the displacement damage caused in the CNT layer is not serious,which proves that the CNT film is radiation-hardened.Specially,according to the simulation,we found the displacement damage caused by protons is different in the source/drain contact area and channel area,leading to varying degrees of change for the contact resistance and sheet resistance.Having analyzed the simulation results and electrical measurements,we explained the low-energy proton irradiation mechanism of the CNT FETs,which is essential for the construction of radiation-hardened CNT film-based ICs for aircrafts. 展开更多
关键词 SWCNT FETs low-energy proton irradiation radiation effects electrical performance TID effect displacement damage effect simulation
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Improvement of L(+)-Lactic Acid Production of Rhizopus Oryzae by Low-Energy Ions and Analysis of Its Mechanism 被引量:2
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作者 葛春梅 杨英歌 +4 位作者 樊永红 李文 潘仁瑞 郑之明 余增亮 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第1期131-135,共5页
The wild type strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion implantation (15 keV, 7.8×10^14 ~ 2.08 ×10^15 ions/cm^2) to find an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yiel... The wild type strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion implantation (15 keV, 7.8×10^14 ~ 2.08 ×10^15 ions/cm^2) to find an industrial strain with a higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, and two mutants RE3303 and RF9052 were isolated. In order to discuss the mechanism primarily, Lactate Dehydrogenase of Rhizopus oryzae was studied. While the two mutants produced L(+)-lactic acid by 75% more than the wild strain did, their specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase was found to be higher than that in the wild strain. The optimum temperature of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Rhizopus oryzae RF9052 was higher. Compared to the wild strain, the Michaelis constant (Km) value of Lactate Dehydrogenase in the mutants was Changed. All these changes show that L(+)-lactic acid production has a correlation with the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase. The low-energy ions, implanted into the strain, may improve the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase by influencing its gene structure and protein structure. 展开更多
关键词 low-energy ion implantation Rhizopus oryzae L(+)-lactic acid Lactate Dehydrogenase
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Experimental Investigation and Numerical Analysis to Develop Low-Energy Large-Midwater Trawls 被引量:1
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作者 Jihoon LEE Taeho KIM +1 位作者 Chun-Woo LEE Subong PARK 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2017年第6期700-708,共9页
Fuel consumption in fisheries is a primary concern because of its effects on the environment and the costs incurred by fishermen. Many studies have been conducted to reduce the fuel consumption in fishing operations. ... Fuel consumption in fisheries is a primary concern because of its effects on the environment and the costs incurred by fishermen. Many studies have been conducted to reduce the fuel consumption in fishing operations. Fuel consumption due to fishing gear during a fishing operation is generally related to the hydrodynamic resistance on the gear. This means that fuel consumption is proportional to the drag created by the towing speed. Based on numerical methods, this study suggests a new approach to reduce fuel consumption in fisheries. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with those of model experiments. The total as well as partial resistance forces on the gear are calculated by simulation. The simulation results suggest improved materials and gear structure for reducing the hydrodynamic forces on the gear while maintaining gear performance. The method for assessing the gear performance involves measuring the height and width of the net mouth. Furthermore, this study investigates the efficiency of a low-energy trawl from an economic point of view. The findings of this study will be useful in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in fishing operations, and thereby contribute toward lowering fishing costs by saving fuel. 展开更多
关键词 low-energy fishing gear numerical methods greenhouse gasesemission hydrodynamic resistance fuelconsumption
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Attenuation coefficients of gamma and X-rays passing through six materials 被引量:4
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作者 Xue-Dou Su Gao-Long Zhang +8 位作者 Shou-Ping Xu Wei-Wei Qu Lin Song Yu-Hua Huang Ben Wang Yi-Feng Wang Ze-Tao Zhang Wu-Fu Xu Ming-Li Wang 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第1期26-31,共6页
The aim of this study was to determine the attenuation of gamma and X-rays with different energies caused by passage through different materials.To this end,different materials with a range of atomic numbers were chos... The aim of this study was to determine the attenuation of gamma and X-rays with different energies caused by passage through different materials.To this end,different materials with a range of atomic numbers were chosen to measure gamma and X-ray attenuation coefficients and to explore the mechanisms of interaction of gamma and X-rays with matter of various kinds.It is shown that the attenuation coefficients first decrease and then increase with increase in the radiation(photon)energy.The attenuation of gamma and X-rays passing through materials with high atomic number is greater than that in materials with low atomic number.The attenuation minimum is related to the atomic number of the irradiated materials.The larger the atomic number is,the lower the energy corresponding to attenuation minimum is.Photoelectric and Compton effects are the main processes when gamma rays pass through individual materials with high and low atomic numbers,respectively.Therefore,for radiotherapy and radiation protection,different methods should be considered and selected for the use of gamma and X-rays of different energies for use in different materials. 展开更多
关键词 Attenuation coefficient Interaction mechanisms Gamma rays High-energy x-rays Therapy and protection
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Effect of cryogenic and aging treatments on low-energy impact behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy 被引量:2
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作者 Y. PEKBEY K. ASLANTAS Y. PEKBEY 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第3期514-526,共13页
The objective of this study is to examine the effects of cryogenic and aging treatments on the impact strength andmechanical properties of Ti?6Al?4V alloy.To accomplish that objective,cryogenic treatment(CT),aging tre... The objective of this study is to examine the effects of cryogenic and aging treatments on the impact strength andmechanical properties of Ti?6Al?4V alloy.To accomplish that objective,cryogenic treatment(CT),aging treatment(AT)andcryogenic treatment followed by aging treatment(CAT)were conducted on Ti?6Al?4V alloy.Impact tests were performed onheat-treated and untreated samples using different impactor nose geometries(hemispherical,60°and90°conical)to determine theeffect of impactor nose geometry on the damage characteristic.The findings showed that energy absorption increased and areas ofdamage decreased as a result of heat treatment in all treated samples.The highest energy absorption was observed in the CATsamples,due to the increase in energy absorption,the smallest damaged area occurred in the CAT sample,and the largestdeformation was seen in the untreated samples.Additionally,it was seen that the damaged area and deflection were stronglydependent on impactor nose geometry.The maximum deflection and narrowest deformation area were seen with60o conical nosegeometry.The deformation area increased with increasing impactor nose angle. 展开更多
关键词 Ti.6Al.4V alloy cryogenic treatment aging treatment low-energy impact test impact damage impactor nose geometry
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Understanding fundamentals of electrochemical reactions with tender X-rays:A new lab-based operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method for probing liquid/solid and gas/solid interfaces across a variety of electrochemical systems 被引量:1
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作者 Chiyan Liu Qiao Dong +5 位作者 Yong Han Yijing Zang Hui Zhang Xiaoming Xie Yi Yu Zhi Liu 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第11期2858-2870,共13页
Electrocatalysis is key to improving energy efficiency,reducing carbon emissions,and providing a sustainable way of meeting global energy needs.Therefore,elucidating electrochemical reaction mechanisms at the electrol... Electrocatalysis is key to improving energy efficiency,reducing carbon emissions,and providing a sustainable way of meeting global energy needs.Therefore,elucidating electrochemical reaction mechanisms at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces is essential for developing advanced renewable energy technologies.However,the direct probing of real-time interfacial changes,i.e.,the surface intermediates,chemical environment,and electronic structure,under operating conditions is challenging and necessitates the use of in situ methods.Herein,we present a new lab-based instrument commissioned to perform in situ chemical analysis at liquid/solid interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(APXPS).This setup takes advantage of a chromium source of tender X-rays and is designed to study liquid/solid interfaces by the“dip and pull”method.Each of the main components was carefully described,and the results of performance tests are presented.Using a three-electrode setup,the system can probe the intermediate species and potential shifts across the liquid electrolyte/solid electrode interface.In addition,we demonstrate how this system allows the study of interfacial changes at gas/solid interfaces using a case study:a sodium–oxygen model battery.However,the use of APXPS in electrochemical studies is still in the early stages,so we summarize the current challenges and some developmental frontiers.Despite the challenges,we expect that joint efforts to improve instruments and the electrochemical setup will enable us to obtain a better understanding of the composition–reactivity relationship at electrochemical interfaces under realistic reaction conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Tender x-rays Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ELECTROCATALYSIS Liquid/solid interface Gas/solid interface
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Diagnostic Value of the Thoracic Ultrasonography Compared to Conventional Chest X-Rays in Pneumonia for Children between 0 to 15 Years: Case Study in Two Hospitals in Yaoundé 被引量:2
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作者 Seme Engoumou Ambroise Merci Mbede Maggy +3 位作者 Awana Armel Philippe Bilounga Ndengue Priscille Edith Onguene Julienne Zeh Odile Fernande 《Open Journal of Radiology》 2019年第1期10-19,共10页
Introduction: The diagnosis of pneumonia is usually made based on clinical manifestations and chest X-ray. The use of ultrasound in detecting pulmonary diseases in general, and especially consolidation syndrome has be... Introduction: The diagnosis of pneumonia is usually made based on clinical manifestations and chest X-ray. The use of ultrasound in detecting pulmonary diseases in general, and especially consolidation syndrome has been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of thoracic ultrasound compared to chest X-ray in the diagnosis of infectious pneumonia in children. Methods: Children between 0 to 15 years were included in our study. The lung ultrasound results obtained were compared with those of the chest X-ray used as the reference. Our data were introduced into the EpiInfo 3.5.4 software and analyzed with the EpiInfo 3.5.4 and IBMSPSS Statistics version 20.0 softwares. Microsoft Office Excel 2016 was used to produce Charts. Continuous quantitative variables were presented. Cohen’s Kappa concordance test was applied with confidence interval of 95%. Results: 52 children were enrolled in the study. In imaging, the dominant sign was consolidation syndrome (75.0%) of cases by chest radiography, and in 78.8% of cases by lung ultrasound (p Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that lung echography is a non-ionizing and reliable tool in the diagnosis of childhood’s pneumonia. 展开更多
关键词 LUNG Ultrasound CHEST X-Ray PNEUMONIA CHILDREN Yaoundé Cameroon
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Energy spectrum of multi-radiation of X-rays in a low energy Mather-type plasma focus device 被引量:1
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作者 Farzin M.Aghamir Reza A.Behbahani 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第6期375-380,共6页
The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device (operated with argon gas). The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resista... The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device (operated with argon gas). The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resistances. To study the energy spectrum, a four-channel diode X-ray spectrometer was used along with a special set of filters. The filters were suitable for detection of medium range X-rays as well as hard X-rays with energy exceeding 30 keV. The results indicate that the anomalous resistivity effect during the post pinch phase may cause multi-radiation of X-rays with a total duration of 300 ± 50 ns. The significant contribution of Cu-Kα was due to the medium range X-rays, nonetheless, hard X-rays with energies greater than 15 keV also participate in the process. The total emitted X-ray energy in the forms of Cu-K and Cu-K/3 was around 0.14 ± 0.02 (J/Sr) and 0.04 ±0.01 (J/Sr), respectively. The total energy of the emitted hard X-ray (〉 15 keV) was around 0.12± 0.02 (J/Sr). 展开更多
关键词 Mather-type plasma focus device hard x-rays multi-radiation tube multiple voltage peaks anomalous resistances
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Unusual thermodynamics of low-energy phonons in the Dirac semimetal Cd_(3)As_(2)
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作者 Zhen Wang Hengcan Zhao +5 位作者 Meng Lyu Junsen Xiang Qingxin Dong Genfu Chen Shuai Zhang Peijie Sun 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第10期268-272,共5页
By studying the thermal conductivity,specific heat,elastic modulus,and thermal expansion as a function of temperature for Cd_(3)As_(2),we have unveiled a couple of important thermodynamic features of the low-energy ph... By studying the thermal conductivity,specific heat,elastic modulus,and thermal expansion as a function of temperature for Cd_(3)As_(2),we have unveiled a couple of important thermodynamic features of the low-energy phonons strongly interacting with Dirac electrons.The existence of soft optical phonons,as inferred from the extremely low thermal conductivity,is unambiguously confirmed by low-temperature specific heat revealing significant deviation from Debye's description.The estimated Debye temperature is small in the range of 100-200 K and varies significantly depending upon the measurement used in its experimental determination.The thermodynamic Gr¨uneisen ratioγreveals a remarkable reduction below about 100 K,an energy scale that is highly relevant to the Dirac states,towards negative values below about 10 K that are indicative of lattice instability. 展开更多
关键词 Dirac semimetal low-energy phonon thermal conductivity lattice instability
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