Experimental Research on Salt-out Particle Motion and Concentration Distribution in a Vortex Pump Volute

The vortex pump is suitable for salt solution transportation. But the salt-out flow mechanism in the pump has not been understood fully. Salt-out layer formation and growth rate are closely related to crystal particle motion and concentration distribution. Study on the particle hydrodynamic characteristics in the pump volute becomes a key problem, because the crystal particles are mainly distributing in this zone after they enter the pump. Phase Doppler particle analyzer（PDPA） is used to measure the two-phase flow field in a model pump volute to get more understanding about the salt-out phenomenon. The crystal particle velocities are obtained in all three peripheral, radial and axial directions. Particle size and particle number density（PND） measurements are also performed in the experiment. Results are presented and discussed along the radial direction under different pump operating conditions, as well as various axial measurement positions. It is found that particle velocity gradient of peripheral component varies with the pump discharge. There is a turning point of relation between peripheral velocity component and discharge. Radial flow velocity curves look like a saddle shape and velocity magnitudes are changing greatly with the discharge. The non-equilibrium velocity feature between liquid and solid phase on this direction is also remarkable. Particles flow into the impeller at radial position R〈I, and the axial velocity component increases in this region. The particle size curve shows an open-up parabola distribution. The largest particles are distributing near the casing peripheral wall. As flow rate increases, accordingly PND increases. It also grows up in the axial-outward direction towards the suction cover. Crystal particle aggregation phenomenon can be revealed from the analysis of particle size and PND distribution, and the aggregation region is determined as well. Research results are helpful for optimal design of this kind of pump preventing salt-out.

Effect of bionic mantis shrimp groove volute on vortex pump pressure pulsation

In order to reduce pressure pulsation of vortex pumps,the mantis shrimp was chosen as biological prototype and a bionic engineering model was developed from its abdominal segment grooves.Bionic mantis shrimp groove volute vortex pump models with different numbers of grooves were developed,and numerical simulation methods were used to calculate the models to study the effects of the volute grooves on the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump.The results show that a bionic groove volute could effectively improve the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump outlet,and reduce the pressure pulsation around the pump’s tongue and other internal points.The pressure pulsation under different conditions is impacted by shaft frequency and blade frequency.The bionic groove structure has little effect on the external characteristics of the pump,but could improve the static pressure,velocity distribution,and vortex structure of the flow field.Additionally,pressure pulsation of the whole vortex pump is reduced.

Investigation on the Flow Behavior of Side Channel Pumps Based on Vortex Identification

The momentum flow exchange between the impeller and side channel produces highly turbulent flows in side channel pumps.The turbulent flows feature complex patterns of vortex structures that are partly responsible for the dissipation of energy losses and unsteady pressure pulsations.The concept of turbulent flows in side channel pumps requires a reliable vortex identification criterion to capture and predict the effects of the vortex structures on the performance.For this reason,the current study presents the application of the new Ω-criterion to a side channel pump model in comparison with other traditional methods such as Qand λ2 criteria.The 3D flow fields of the pump were obtained through unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)simulations.Comparative studies showed that the Ω-criterion identifies the vortex of different intensities with a standard threshold,Ω=0.52.The Q and λ2 criteria required different thresholds to capture vortex of different intensities thus leads to subjective errors.Comparing theΩ-criterion intensity on different planes with the entropy losses and pressure pulsation,the longitudinal vortex plays an important role in the momentum exchange development which increases the head performance of the pump.However,the rate of exchange is impeded by the axial and radial vortices restricted in the impeller.Therefore,the impeller generates the highest entropy loss and pressure pulsation intensities which lower the output efficiency.Finally,the findings provide a fundamental background to the morphology of the vortex structures in the turbulent flows which can be dependent upon for efficiency improvement of side channel pumps.

Design and Experiment of Streamlined Piezoelectric Pump with Low Vortex and Large Flow Rate

Valveless piezoelectric pump is widely used in the medical,however,there is a general and difficult problem to be solved:Low vortex and large flow rate are not compatible,resulting in the blood prone to thrombosis during blood delivery.In this paper,a new valveless piezoelectric(PZT)pump with streamlined flow tubes(streamlined pump)is proposed.The design method and the working principle of the pump are analyzed.The velocity streamlines are simulated,and the results demonstrate that there are no obvious vortexes in the flow tube of the streamlined pump.Five prototype pumps(two cone pumps and three streamlined pumps)are designed and fabricated to perform flow rate and flow resistance experiments.The experimental results illustrate that the maximum flow rate of the streamlined pump is 142 mL/min,which is 179%higher than that of the cone piezoelectric pump,demonstrating that the streamlined pump has a large flow rate performance.This research provides an inspiration for future research on simple structure,low vortex and large flow rate volume-type pumps,and also provides a useful solution for thrombosis preventing.

Experimental study on inlet vortex in pump sump

In order to study the mechanism of the vortex generation at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube,twenty pressure pulsation monitoring points were arranged at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube,and the pressure fluctuation experiments were carried out under different flow conditions.The experimental results show that the frequency of pressure fluctuation at the bottom of the pump sump is twice of the rotational frequency of the impeller blade.The vortex below the flare tube is easy to generate under the large flow conditions and mainly concentrates at the right front position below the flare tube.The position of the vortex occurring is corresponding to the position of the low-pressure region below flare tube.

Effect of tongue clearance on hydraulic performance of double support vortex pump

In order to study influence of tongue clearance on the hydraulic performance of double support vortex pump,three dimensional flow model with symmetric variable size tongue clearance was established by changing section parameter of tongue clearance,and applied to numerically simulate the steady inner flow in a vortex pump based on fixed working conditions and impeller through ANSYS FLUENT.The numerical results show the influence of tongue channel with two sections(non-uniform and uniform sections)on flow field characteristics in vortex pump.Firstly,the variation of tongue channel section changes the vortex structure distribution in circumferential flow channel.Specifically the spiral forward vortex structure in the circumferential direction shifts to large radius side with increasing tongue width.Secondly,the circumferential velocity gradient and axial pressure gradient both diminish with the increase of the tongue section,and the inlet/outlet pressure difference and velocity distribution also reduce with increasing tongue channel section.Finally,for vortex pump with non-uniform section of tongue channel,the head diminishes and the efficiency remains constant approximately with the increase of the tongue width,while the head and the efficiency both diminish for uniform section of tongue channel.

空化工况下喷水推进泵内涡结构的时空演化

为揭示混流式喷水推进泵在空化工况下内部涡结构的演化情况,在空化数为0.142的工况下使用Ω涡识别方法对其内部涡结构进行识别和研究,在此基础上研究了空化对涡结构特征演化的影响,并分析了1个周期内涡量运输方程各项对涡结构演化的贡献.结果表明:空化工况下,喷水推进泵内部流动复杂,极易产生旋涡,主要的涡结构有叶顶泄漏涡、次级泄漏涡、垂直空化涡和次级泄漏衍生涡;随着三角形空化的坍缩,进口附着涡的涡结构尺度增加,但叶顶泄漏涡因为空泡逐渐增大的缘故涡量逐渐减小;1个周期内,喷水推进泵内空泡尺度较大时,涡结构数量较多,但强度较小.空泡尺度较小时,涡结构尺度较小,强度较大;通过对涡量运输方程进行分解可以发现,拉伸扭曲项的分布与涡量分布具有极高的相似性,压缩膨胀项的量级最高,对垂直空化涡和脱落涡的变化较为敏感,斜压扭矩项在垂直空化涡的发生位置量级较高.

泵房流道吸水池长度的优化与实践

泵房流道吸水池长度直接影响水泵的运行效率和工程设计的经济性。针对现有规范建议的侧面进水旋转滤网后吸水池长度取值范围宽泛问题,试验观测了两种典型侧面进水滤网的吸水池流态,分析了吸水池长度对水泵进流特性的影响,提出了缩短吸水池长度的均流消涡措施。结果表明,“外进内出”型旋转滤网出口水流平稳扩散,吸水池长度为7.5 D可以满足水泵较好的进流条件,而“内进外出”型旋转滤网受两侧出口脱流漩涡区的影响,吸水池长度需增加为9.0 D以使水流调整扩散均匀,采用墩墙联合均流消涡措施可进一步优化吸水池长度。研究成果可为泵站工程的优化设计和安全运行提供参考。

Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Nozzle Lip Thickness on the Flow Field and Performance of an Annular Jet Pump

The performance of an annular jet pump( AJP) is determined by its area ratio A( ratio of cross sectional area of throat and annular nozzle) and flow rate ratio q( ratio of primary and secondary flow rate,Qs/Qj),while the nozzle lip thickness is neglected in the present studies. This paper presents a study on the effect of the thickness on the flow field and performance of an AJP with A = 1. 75. With the increasing flow rate ratio and nozzle lip thickness,a small vortex forms at the nozzle lip and keeps on growing. However,as the flow rate ratio or nozzle lip thickness is extremely low,the vortex at the lip vanishes thoroughly. Moreover,the recirculation width varies conversely with the nozzle lip thickness when the flow rate ratio q ≤ 0. 13. While the deviation of the recirculation width with different nozzle lip thickness is negligible with q ≥ 0. 13. Additionally the existence of nozzle lip hinders the momentum exchange between the primary and secondary flow and leads to a mutation of velocity gradient near the nozzle exit,which shift the recirculation downstream. Finally,based on the numerical results of the streamwise and spanwise vortex distributions in the suction chamber, the characteristics of the mixing process and the main factors accounting for the AJP performance are clarified.

Investigation on the Changing Characteristics of Flow-Induced Noise in a Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in engineering for a variety of applications.A known drawback of these devices is the high-level noise generated during operations,which can affect their stability and adversely influence the entire working environment.By combining the Powell vortex sound theory,numerical simulations and experimental measurements,this research explores the trends of variation and the corresponding underlying mechanisms for the flow-induced noise at various locations and under different operating conditions.It is shown that the total sound source intensity(TSSI)and total sound pressure level(TSPL)in the impeller,in the region between the inlet to the outlet and along the circumferential extension of the volute,are much higher than those at pump inlet and outlet.Additionally,under various rotational speeds with the design flow rate(Condition 1),the TSSI and TSPL at pump inlet and outlet are higher than those obtained with the opening of the valve kept unchanged(Condition 2);vice versa when these two parameters are evaluated at various locations in the impeller and the volute under the Condition 2,they exceed the equivalent values obtained for the other Condition 1.

Performances and Rotating Flows of Rotary Jet Pump

The rotary jet pumps, namely the pitot pumps, are composed of the rotating casing with the impeller channels and the stationary pick-up tube for discharging, are known as the one of high pressure pumps in the U.S. market. The pumps, however, have been prepared experientially, because of poor knowledge for the flow conditions and the pump performances. Then, this paper discusses the pump performances and the internal flow conditions in the rotating casing. Three types of the pick-up tube were prepared for the experiments to know the pump performances and the flow conditions in the rotating casing. The flow in the rotating casing is nearly in the forced vortex type and gives the higher pressure at the pick-up tube inlet. The more cross-sectional area of the pick-up tube channel is large, the more head and discharge are higher with excellent efficiency. Moreover, the authors confirmed that the secondary flow runs toward the rotating center at the wake flow region behind the pick-up tube.

水泵水轮机尾水管压力脉动特性及涡带特性分析

抽蓄电站是电网的重要组成部分,水泵水轮机长时间偏离最优工况运行会导致水力不稳定问题,其中,尾水管涡带和压力脉动问题备受关注,严重影响机组安全稳定运行。以水泵水轮机为研究对象,分析了其尾水管内流特性与压力脉动时频特性。对比了两种第二代和两种第三代涡识别方法对尾水管涡带演化过程的可视化效果,Omega-Liutex涡识别方法对阈值依赖性小且对涡带形态的识别更清晰完备,因此,采用Omega-Liutex涡识别方法研究了不同负荷工况下尾水管涡带的瞬态变化特性。研究结果可以为水泵水轮机稳定运行提供一定的理论参考。

基于熵产理论的管道泵流动损失特性分析

为了揭示管道泵运行过程中的流动损失特性,基于熵产理论,采用数值计算方法对管道泵吸水室和叶轮内的总熵产以及局部熵产率进行了研究,并结合压力脉动及涡核分布对其产生流动损失的原因进行了分析。研究结果表明,叶轮总熵产和吸水室总熵产保持高度一致性,吸水室内部流动影响了叶轮内部流动。随着流量的增大,叶轮和吸水室总熵产先减小,随后增大,这与其内部监测点的压力脉动主频幅值变化规律基本一致。叶轮总熵产显著大于吸水室总熵产,偏工况下更为明显,前者至少是后者的4倍。湍流耗散熵产占据吸水室和叶轮总熵产的90%以上,构成了流动损失的主要部分。吸水室高熵产率区主要分布在第二弯道及出口处,小流量工况下的熵产率是其余工况下的数百倍,该位置的大尺度带核涡以及附壁涡是导致熵产率增加的主要原因。叶轮高熵产率区主要集中在叶轮进口和出口,在大部分区域,小流量下的熵产率是其余工况的6倍以上,小流量工况下叶轮进口预旋和出口失速涡以及大流量工况下叶轮中上游的分离涡是导致熵产率较高的主要原因。该研究可为管道泵局部流动损失识别以及开展针对性优化提供参考。

气液两相条件下叶片开孔对电潜泵性能和内部流场的影响

为了研究电潜泵内部流动机理,从而改善高含气工况下电潜泵的气液混输性能,文中基于欧拉-欧拉非均相流模型,对不同入口含气率工况下叶片开孔前后的气液两相流动特性进行了数值模拟分析,探究了气液两相流条件下叶片开孔对电潜泵性能和内部流场的影响.结果表明,在纯水工况以及低含气率、小流量工况下,叶片开孔会降低电潜泵性能;但是叶片开孔可以改善电潜泵在大流量下的气液混输性能.叶片开孔后会改变叶轮内部压力分布,使电潜泵叶轮内部平均压力升高,进而改善叶轮内部流态.叶片开孔后会冲散气相聚集,使气体分布更加均匀,叶轮流道内涡核分布明显减少,减少了能量耗散.该研究为改善电潜泵气液混输性能提供了理论依据.

空化诱导的离心泵叶轮区流动特性与压力脉动分析

空化是一种复杂的多相流现象,空化发展中液体和蒸汽之间瞬态相变的产生,导致多尺度旋涡运动。瞬态空化动力学与空化涡结构的演化密切相关。采用对比结合Q准则、Omega判别法两种涡识别方法,探究设计流量Qd为0.321 m3/s下不同空化程度时离心泵叶轮区的空泡、涡旋特性及其对压力脉动的影响。基于Schnerr-Sauer空化模型对立式单级单吸蜗壳式离心泵在空化初始阶段、空化发展阶段、空化状态转变阶段、空化恶化阶段4个不同空化程度时的全流道流场进行数值模拟分析。结果表明,空化情况下叶轮区域流动复杂,空泡形态与旋涡的生成变化相互影响,二者共同影响叶轮域内压力脉动的变化。Omega方法能够精准捕捉到叶轮进口的回流涡、叶轮流道内通道涡和叶轮尾缘处的尾迹涡;空化初期,受通道内大面积通道涡及蜗壳隔舌动静干涉的影响,出现各叶片上空泡大小不同的情况;空化严重时受空泡脱落影响出现气液混合的高速涡团,导致低频压力脉动信号增加,空泡移动至高压区溃灭释放的能量导致出口压力脉动显著升高。

C型叶片转轮水泵水轮机驼峰区流动特性分析

为探究转轮叶型对水泵水轮机驼峰区流动的改善程度和影响规律,本文对模型水泵水轮机进行了预测和试验分析,然后对转轮采用C型叶片优化后的水泵水轮机性能进行预测分析,基于涡识别法讨论了转轮改型前后各过流部件在驼峰区的流动和涡旋流分布情况,揭示了优化转轮叶型对驼峰区流动的影响。研究发现,改型后水泵水轮机的驼峰范围和驼峰裕度更小,扬程随流量变化趋势更平缓。在大流量工况下,尾水管、导叶、转轮域内与优化前相比涡旋面积更小。在驼峰区工况下,尾水管出口处有来自转轮的小部分回流,但与优化前相比回流明显减少;导叶及转轮域内与优化前相比发生流动分离的区域也有所减少,在无叶区内的涡旋较优化前明显减少,说明优化转轮叶型有助于改善泵工况的驼峰特性及其内流特性。

空间导叶式多级离心泵级间能量损失机理

为探究空间导叶式多级离心泵级间能量损失的原因,以1个单级和1个3级潜水泵为研究对象,通过试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,分析其级间能量损失的机理.对单级和3级潜水泵分别进行全流场外特性试验.基于ANSYS软件对3级潜水泵不同流量点进行数值模拟和内流场分析,着重对各级叶轮进口流态、内部旋涡结构和叶片载荷分析比较.结果表明:小流量工况下,3级潜水泵各级扬程接近且与单级扬程相差不大;额定流量工况和大流量工况下,3级潜水泵第1级扬程与单级扬程仍相差不大,但后2级扬程相比于第1级降低了6%~10%.随着流量的增大,首级叶轮来流稳定性不受影响,其后各级叶轮进流流态变差.后2级叶轮进口液体介质冲角变化使其对叶片进口边的冲击增大.后2级叶轮进口处的涡在流量较大时发展为流向涡,从而引起叶片载荷突变,削弱了叶轮做功能力,导致后2级能量损失.研究结果可为多级离心泵的设计提供理论依据.

旋流泵叶轮流道固液两相流动不稳定性分析

由于结构的特殊性以及固液两相存在的密度差,旋流泵在输送固液两相介质过程中,内部会出现多方面的不稳定性特征,基于Particle模型,运用ANSYS CFX软件对额定转速下旋流泵在不同流量下输送不同固相体积分数的多种工况进行了非定常数值模拟,分析了叶轮流道内的固相分布、压力脉动和叶轮径向力,从而深入了解叶轮内部不稳定性。结果表明:在C_(v)=5%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)、1.0 Q_(d)流量下叶轮流道内固相体积分布均匀,1.2 Q_(d)分布不均匀;在C_(v)=10%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)流量下分布均匀,1.0 Q_(d)和1.2 Q_(d)流量下分布不均匀;在C_(v)=20%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)、1.2 Q_(d)流量下分布均匀,1.0 Q_(d)分布不均匀;在C_(v)=20%、1.0 Q_(d)工况的一个旋转周期内,叶轮内部始终存在一个条形固相分布区域,且其旋转速度滞后于叶轮旋转速度。在1.0 Q_(d)流量下,随着固相体积分数的增加,各监测点压力系数幅值波动逐步变大;后缩腔监测点叶频处的幅值基本不变,叶轮流道内监测点轴频处的幅值逐步变大;在C_(v)=20%体积分数下,随着流量的增加,各监测点压力系数幅值波动先增后减,后缩腔监测点叶频处幅值逐步增大,流道内监测点轴频处的幅值先增后减。相同固相体积分数下,随着流量的增加,径向力逐步增大;不同固相体积分数下,随着体积分数的增加,0.8 Q_(d)流量下径向力波动不大,1.0 Q_(d)流量下波动逐步变大,1.2 Q_(d)流量下波动逐步变小。

一种新型可调涡流管膨胀的跨临界CO_(2)热泵系统性能研究

在跨临界CO_(2)热泵循环中,采用涡流管膨胀替代常规节流阀的Maurer模型可减小节流损失、提高系统性能,但存在不能自动调节的难题。通过对Maurer模型进行改进,本文提出一种新型可调涡流管膨胀的跨临界CO_(2)热泵系统,通过建立理论模型模拟分析了新型系统的性能特点,并与膨胀阀节流的常规系统和Maurer模型的性能进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:1)新型系统能实现对系统制热量与压缩机排气温度的自动控制。当蒸发温度改变时,新型系统可以通过改变电子流量调节阀开度实现对调节压缩机排气温度的控制,还可以通过改变调节压缩机频率实现对冷质量分数与涡流管热端出口温度的控制,进而调节系统制热量。新型系统保证了涡流管热端出口温度和压缩机排气温度不超过120℃警戒值的同时维持了较高的制热量,改善了系统性能。2)新型系统的性能优于常规系统和Maurer模型。通过将涡流管热端出口温度与调节压缩机排气温度控制在较高水平,新型系统能具有更高的制热量和更好的性能。当全年蒸发温度在-10~10℃间变化时,新型系统的COP和制热量较常规系统分别增大了13.1%和16.7%,较Maurer模型分别增大了2.7%和6.1%。新型系统对系统性能的改善效果会随着蒸发温度变化范围的扩大更加显著。

贯流泵站前池表面涡数值预测与分析

贯流泵站因其流道水力损失小,装置效率高的优点在灌溉、调水和排水等领域应用广泛,受水位、工况等影响,泵站前池常出现表面漩涡等不良现象,影响泵站效率及稳定性。以淮安三站灯泡式贯流泵站为研究对象,通过计算流体动力学数值模拟了泵站进水流道和前池,采用BM模型捕捉表面涡的旋转特性,采用S-CLSVOF跟踪自由表面,研究了设计工况下贯流泵站的内部的流动规律和表面涡的发展,结果表明:淹没深度越大,表面涡越弱,但水面的波动更强;表面涡的出现将使进水流道流速均匀性降低。研究结果为大中型贯流泵站吸气涡的数值模拟提供理论参考。