Wireless sensor networks(WSN)gather information and sense information samples in a certain region and communicate these readings to a base station(BS).Energy efficiency is considered a major design issue in the WSNs,a...Wireless sensor networks(WSN)gather information and sense information samples in a certain region and communicate these readings to a base station(BS).Energy efficiency is considered a major design issue in the WSNs,and can be addressed using clustering and routing techniques.Information is sent from the source to the BS via routing procedures.However,these routing protocols must ensure that packets are delivered securely,guaranteeing that neither adversaries nor unauthentic individuals have access to the sent information.Secure data transfer is intended to protect the data from illegal access,damage,or disruption.Thus,in the proposed model,secure data transmission is developed in an energy-effective manner.A low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH)is developed to efficiently transfer the data.For the intrusion detection systems(IDS),Fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks(ANNs)are proposed.Initially,the nodes were randomly placed in the network and initialized to gather information.To ensure fair energy dissipation between the nodes,LEACH randomly chooses cluster heads(CHs)and allocates this role to the various nodes based on a round-robin management mechanism.The intrusion-detection procedure was then utilized to determine whether intruders were present in the network.Within the WSN,a Fuzzy interference rule was utilized to distinguish the malicious nodes from legal nodes.Subsequently,an ANN was employed to distinguish the harmful nodes from suspicious nodes.The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated using metrics that attained 97%accuracy,97%specificity,and 97%sensitivity of 95%.Thus,it was proved that the LEACH and Fuzzy-based IDS approaches are the best choices for securing data transmission in an energy-efficient manner.展开更多
Aiming at the defects of the nodes in the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol, such as high energy consumption and uneven energy consumption, a two-level linear clustering protocol is built. Th...Aiming at the defects of the nodes in the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol, such as high energy consumption and uneven energy consumption, a two-level linear clustering protocol is built. The protocol improves the way of the nodes distribution at random. The terminal nodes which have not been a two-level cluster head in the cluster can compete with the principle of equivalent possibility, and on the basis of the rest energy of nodes the two-level cluster head is selected at last. The single hop within the cluster and single hop or multiple hops between clusters are used. Simulation experiment results show that the performance of the two-level linear clustering protocol applied to the Hexi corridor agricultural field is superior to that of the LEACH protocol in the survival time of network nodes, the ratio of success, and the remaining energy of network nodes.展开更多
In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the commu...In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the communication protocol can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the network system. Based on low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH), an improved LEACH protocol in WSNs is proposed. In order to optimize the cluster head(CH) election in the cluster setup phase, the improved LEACH takes into account a number of factors, including energy consumption of communication between nodes, remaining energy of the nodes,and the distance between nodes and base station(BS). In the steady phase, one-hop routing and multiple-hop routing are combined to transmit data between CHs to improve energy efficiency. The forward CH is selected as relay node according to the values of path cost. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in balancing network energy consumption, and it can effectively improve the data transmission efficiency and prolong the network lifetime, as compared with LEACH, LEACH-C(LEACH-centralized) and NDAPSO-C(an adaptive clustering protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization) algorithms.展开更多
In the paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station (via clusterhead...In the paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station (via clusterhead) for further processing. The key problem focuses on how to reduce the power consumption of wireless microsensor networks. The core includes the energy efficiency of clusterheads and that of cluster members. We first extend low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH)'s stochastic clusterhead selection algorithm by a factor with distance-based deterministic component (LEACH-D) to reduce energy consumption for energy efficiency of clusterhead. And the cost function is proposed so that it balances the energy consumption of nodes for energy efficiency of cluster member. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network life around up to 40% before first node dies. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the existing representative methods.展开更多
在无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)中P,如何解决漏斗效应、有效平衡节点的能量分布,是延长网络生存时间的关键问题.针对漏斗效应提出一种基于低功耗自适应集簇分层型(1ow energy adaptive clusteringhierarchy,LEACH)协议...在无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)中P,如何解决漏斗效应、有效平衡节点的能量分布,是延长网络生存时间的关键问题.针对漏斗效应提出一种基于低功耗自适应集簇分层型(1ow energy adaptive clusteringhierarchy,LEACH)协议的改进簇首控制算法(cluster control based on LEACH,CC-LEACH),通过sink辅助选择簇首分布.仿真证明,这种新型簇首选择机制能更好地进行能量均衡,延长网络生命周期.展开更多
LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)是一种经典的WSN分层路由协议,它采取自适应分簇算法,一定程度上延长了网络生存期。然而LEACH路由协议的簇头随机产生,没有考虑节点的剩余能量,未达到簇头最优。LEACH簇头与基站直接通...LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)是一种经典的WSN分层路由协议,它采取自适应分簇算法,一定程度上延长了网络生存期。然而LEACH路由协议的簇头随机产生,没有考虑节点的剩余能量,未达到簇头最优。LEACH簇头与基站直接通信,如果两者距离较远,则会带来较大的能量损耗。结合LEACH及LEACH现有的一些改进算法,提出了一种新的路由协议(Advance-Leach)。它综合考虑了节点的剩余能量和簇首节点数目,簇头和基站之间采用单跳和多跳结合策略,有效地降低了能耗,保证了网络负载的平衡。仿真结果表明:该协议的能耗、数据成功接收率等性能得到了有效提高,延长了节点和网络的生命周期。展开更多
针对低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy)的节点生命周期短和能量消耗不平衡的问题,提出了一种LEACH协议的改进算法.算法的主要思想是考虑了节点的当前位置以及当前能量,从而可以使簇头的分布...针对低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy)的节点生命周期短和能量消耗不平衡的问题,提出了一种LEACH协议的改进算法.算法的主要思想是考虑了节点的当前位置以及当前能量,从而可以使簇头的分布更加均匀,延长节点的生命周期.对改进后的LEACH协议和原LEACH协议进行仿真,结果表明改进后的协议在生存时间上提高了40.7%,并增加了数据的发送量,减少了节点的能量消耗.展开更多
文摘Wireless sensor networks(WSN)gather information and sense information samples in a certain region and communicate these readings to a base station(BS).Energy efficiency is considered a major design issue in the WSNs,and can be addressed using clustering and routing techniques.Information is sent from the source to the BS via routing procedures.However,these routing protocols must ensure that packets are delivered securely,guaranteeing that neither adversaries nor unauthentic individuals have access to the sent information.Secure data transfer is intended to protect the data from illegal access,damage,or disruption.Thus,in the proposed model,secure data transmission is developed in an energy-effective manner.A low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH)is developed to efficiently transfer the data.For the intrusion detection systems(IDS),Fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks(ANNs)are proposed.Initially,the nodes were randomly placed in the network and initialized to gather information.To ensure fair energy dissipation between the nodes,LEACH randomly chooses cluster heads(CHs)and allocates this role to the various nodes based on a round-robin management mechanism.The intrusion-detection procedure was then utilized to determine whether intruders were present in the network.Within the WSN,a Fuzzy interference rule was utilized to distinguish the malicious nodes from legal nodes.Subsequently,an ANN was employed to distinguish the harmful nodes from suspicious nodes.The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated using metrics that attained 97%accuracy,97%specificity,and 97%sensitivity of 95%.Thus,it was proved that the LEACH and Fuzzy-based IDS approaches are the best choices for securing data transmission in an energy-efficient manner.
基金supported by the Foundation Projects in Gansu Province Department of Education under Grant No.2015A-163
文摘Aiming at the defects of the nodes in the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol, such as high energy consumption and uneven energy consumption, a two-level linear clustering protocol is built. The protocol improves the way of the nodes distribution at random. The terminal nodes which have not been a two-level cluster head in the cluster can compete with the principle of equivalent possibility, and on the basis of the rest energy of nodes the two-level cluster head is selected at last. The single hop within the cluster and single hop or multiple hops between clusters are used. Simulation experiment results show that the performance of the two-level linear clustering protocol applied to the Hexi corridor agricultural field is superior to that of the LEACH protocol in the survival time of network nodes, the ratio of success, and the remaining energy of network nodes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61673259)the International Exchanges and Cooperation Projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.15220721800)
文摘In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the communication protocol can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the network system. Based on low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH), an improved LEACH protocol in WSNs is proposed. In order to optimize the cluster head(CH) election in the cluster setup phase, the improved LEACH takes into account a number of factors, including energy consumption of communication between nodes, remaining energy of the nodes,and the distance between nodes and base station(BS). In the steady phase, one-hop routing and multiple-hop routing are combined to transmit data between CHs to improve energy efficiency. The forward CH is selected as relay node according to the values of path cost. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in balancing network energy consumption, and it can effectively improve the data transmission efficiency and prolong the network lifetime, as compared with LEACH, LEACH-C(LEACH-centralized) and NDAPSO-C(an adaptive clustering protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization) algorithms.
基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China (080526)
文摘In the paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station (via clusterhead) for further processing. The key problem focuses on how to reduce the power consumption of wireless microsensor networks. The core includes the energy efficiency of clusterheads and that of cluster members. We first extend low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH)'s stochastic clusterhead selection algorithm by a factor with distance-based deterministic component (LEACH-D) to reduce energy consumption for energy efficiency of clusterhead. And the cost function is proposed so that it balances the energy consumption of nodes for energy efficiency of cluster member. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network life around up to 40% before first node dies. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the existing representative methods.
文摘在无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)中P,如何解决漏斗效应、有效平衡节点的能量分布,是延长网络生存时间的关键问题.针对漏斗效应提出一种基于低功耗自适应集簇分层型(1ow energy adaptive clusteringhierarchy,LEACH)协议的改进簇首控制算法(cluster control based on LEACH,CC-LEACH),通过sink辅助选择簇首分布.仿真证明,这种新型簇首选择机制能更好地进行能量均衡,延长网络生命周期.
文摘在无线传感器网络体系结构中,网络层的路由技术至关重要。在分析了低功耗自适应分簇协议(low energyadaptive clustering hierarchy,LEACH)及LEACH相关的路由协议之后,提出一种基于LEACH的能量高效分簇路由算法(energy-efficient clustering routing algorithm based on LEACH,LEACH-EE)的改进算法。网络中所有节点形成固定的分簇,根据簇内节点的剩余能量来依次竞争簇首,同时尽量减少节点与基站之间的通信。簇内成员节点采用流量发送概率的方式向簇首传输数据监测信息。簇间采用多跳方式转发数据,可以有效地避免簇首能量消耗不均衡的问题。NS2仿真实验表明,改进后的算法有效地延长了无线传感器网络的寿命。
文摘LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)是一种经典的WSN分层路由协议,它采取自适应分簇算法,一定程度上延长了网络生存期。然而LEACH路由协议的簇头随机产生,没有考虑节点的剩余能量,未达到簇头最优。LEACH簇头与基站直接通信,如果两者距离较远,则会带来较大的能量损耗。结合LEACH及LEACH现有的一些改进算法,提出了一种新的路由协议(Advance-Leach)。它综合考虑了节点的剩余能量和簇首节点数目,簇头和基站之间采用单跳和多跳结合策略,有效地降低了能耗,保证了网络负载的平衡。仿真结果表明:该协议的能耗、数据成功接收率等性能得到了有效提高,延长了节点和网络的生命周期。
文摘针对低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy)的节点生命周期短和能量消耗不平衡的问题,提出了一种LEACH协议的改进算法.算法的主要思想是考虑了节点的当前位置以及当前能量,从而可以使簇头的分布更加均匀,延长节点的生命周期.对改进后的LEACH协议和原LEACH协议进行仿真,结果表明改进后的协议在生存时间上提高了40.7%,并增加了数据的发送量,减少了节点的能量消耗.