Orderly coexistence and accumulation models of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation,Mahu sag,Junggar Basin

By using the latest geological,seismic,drilling and logging data,this article studies the basic conditions for the formation of the total petroleum system and the orderly coexisting characteristics and accumulation models of conventional&unconventional reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin.Controlled by thermal evolution,hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of the high-quality source rocks in alkaline lake as well as the characteristics of multi-type reservoirs(conglomerate,sandstone,dolomite and shale),conventional structure-lithologic reservoirs and tight oil and shale oil reservoirs controlled by source-reservoir structure have been formed.On the plane,mature conventional reservoirs,medium-high mature tight oil,and medium-high mature shale oil reservoirs coexist orderly from the slope area around Mahu sag to the sag.Based on the orderly coexisting characteristics of conventional and unconventional reservoirs in the Fengcheng Formation,it is clear that oil and gas in the Fengcheng Formation accumulate continuously over a large area in three accumulation models:integrated source-reservoir,source-reservoir in close contact,and separated source-reservoir model.The three accumulation models differ in relationship between source-reservoir structure,reservoir lithology and spatial distribution,hydrocarbon migration,oil and gas type.It is pointed out that the conventional&unconventional oil and gas should be explored and developed as a whole to achieve an overall breakthrough of the total petroleum system.This study is expected to enrich the geological theory of oil and gas enrichment in continental basins and to provide an analogy for exploration and research in other hydrocarbon-rich sags.

Oncolites of the Lower Permian ChuanshanFormation in South China and Their Geologicaland Economic Significance

A large amount of oncolites popularly named ' Chuanshan balls' occur universally in the Lower Permian Chuanshan Formation in South China. These kinds of oncolites have the following characteristics: wide distribution, huge quantities, large sedimentary thickness and similar characters, which constitute a specific ' fashion fades' in geological history. The authors consider that these kinds of oncolites were due to the intense differentiation of the global climate at that time, which resulted in a universal descent of the sea level and breeding of a large amount of algae in sea water over low-latitude areas. According to the distribution and characteristics of the oncolitic, relative relationships between different tectonic blocks may be inferred, diagenetic strength indicated and diagenetic history recovered, and more important, oncolites serve as a favourable reservoir rock, so their study is of great theoretical and economic significance.

Sequence-lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics and petroleum geological significance of Lower Permian Qixia Stage in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas,SW China

Through the analysis of logging,field outcrops,cores and geochemical data,and based on the study of the relationships between sea level changes,sequence filling,paleo-geomorphy and lithofacies,the sequence lithofacies paleo-geography and evolution process of the Lower Permian Liangshan-Qixia Formation(Qixia Stage for short)in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas are restored.The Qixia Stage can be divided into three third-order sequences,in which SQ0,SQ1 and SQ2 are developed in the depression area,and SQ1 and SQ2 are only developed in other areas.The paleo-geomorphy reflected by the thickness of each sequence indicates that before the deposition of the Qixia Stage in the Early Permian,the areas surrounding the Sichuan Basin are characterized by“four uplifts and four depressions”,namely,four paleo-uplifts/paleo-lands of Kangdian,Hannan,Shennongjia and Xuefeng Mountain,and four depressions of Chengdu-Mianyang,Kangdian front,Jiangkou and Yichang;while the interior of the basin is characterized by“secondary uplifts,secondary depressions and alternating convex-concave”.SQ2 is the main shoal forming period of the Qixia Formation,and the high-energy mound shoal facies mainly developed in the highs of sedimentary paleo-geomorphy and the relative slope break zones.The distribution of dolomitic reservoirs(dolomite,limy dolomite and dolomitic limestone)has a good correlation with the sedimentary geomorphic highs and slope break zones.The favorable mound-shoal and dolomitic reservoirs are distributed around depressions at platform-margin and along highs and around sags in the basin.It is pointed out that the platform-margin area in western Sichuan Basin is still the key area for exploration at present;while areas around Chengdu-Mianyang depression and Guangwang secondary depression inside the platform and areas around sags in central Sichuan-southern Sichuan are favorable exploration areas for dolomitic reservoirs of the Qixia Formation in the next step.

Roof Shale Flora of Coal Seam 6 from the Asselian(Lower Permian) Taiyuan Formation of the Wuda Coalfield,Inner Mongolia and Its Ecostratigraphic Significance

Roof shale floras help understand the transition of vegetational landscapes from a peat–forming environment to a clastic one, but are seldom investigated in the Cathaysian province(typical present day China and East Asia). Here the roof shale flora of Coal Seam 6 from the lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, is systematically described and its ecostratigraphic and phytogeographic implications are discussed. The flora is composed of seven plant groups, including Lepidodendrales, Medullosales, Gigantopteridales, Peltaspermales, Noeggerathiales, Cordaitales and Cycadales. Many of these taxa are also documented in Euramerica, and the floral composition indicates a more intimate relationship between Cathaysia and Euramerica during the Cisuralian than previously thought. However, there are few genera and species in common with those of the underlying peat–forming flora. Moreover, the flora is hardly comparable with the commonly known flora of the Taiyuan Formation. Such assemblage differences are very likely due to changes of taphonomic and environmental phases, rather than evolutionary floral succession. For a full and more precise understanding of the floral composition, succession and the floristic discrepancy in different depositional environments, an ecostratigraphic investigation on the Late Palaeozoic of Cathaysia is advocated.

Formation and Evolution of a Paleosol across the Lower Silurian-Lower Permian Boundary in Zunyi District,Northern Guizhou,China and Its Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate Implications

This paper presents a set of bulk geochemical and mineralogical data from a paleoweathering profile located in Zunyi District, Northern Guizhou, China. It was formed at the top of the Hanjiadian Formation of the Lower Silurian. A truncated, argillic, gleyed, kryptic paleospodosol is recognized in the paleoweathering profile. Ratios of immobile elements(Ti/Zr, Ti/Al) and their binary(e.g., Nb vs. Zr/TiO_2 and Th/Sc vs. Zr/Sc), triangular diagrams(La-Th-Sc, Th-ScZr/10, Zr-Cr-Ga) reflect that the Gaojiayan paleosol is the product of in-situ weathering of gray-green silty mudstone of the underlying Hanjiadian Formation. Mass balance calculations indicate K enrichment and Na enrichment in the upper and lower portions of paleosol, respectively. These findings both are the results of transgression, which brings substantial concentrations of such elements as K, Na, and Sr. In particular, K enrichment is achieved by the illitization of kaolinite. The biological processes of terrestrial vascular plants also enhance K concentration, especially at the top of the paleosol. Na enrichment is a consequence of albitization and/or adsorption by clay minerals through cation exchange. The mass distributions and relative mass changes of rare earth elements(REEs) in the studied profile display characteristics of vertical zonation. Three peaks in total REEs content are observed, indicating two paleoclimatic or paleoenvironmental changes. Mineralogical characteristics indicate that the paleoclimate changed first from warm and humid to cold and dry and later, to dry and lightly warmer. The corresponding soil environment varies from weakly acidic to strongly alkaline and later, to weakly acidic. Mass translocation characteristics of REEs and several transition metals suggest that the Gaojiayan paleosol may have undergone top erosion.

Lower Permian formations of different geodynamic environments in A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone (Buqingshan Mts., eastern Kunlun, Qinghai Province, China)

Lower Permian formations within the Buqingshan Mountains (A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone, eastern sector of the eastern Kunlun) were formed in the following paleogeodynamic environments (from north to south): ( 1 ) shelf and slope of a passive continental margin in a marginal sea; (2) partially Permian metamorphic rocks of subduction-accretion complexes and volcanogenic rocks of an ensimatic island arc, of the age limited from above by the Asselian - Sakmarian;and (3) an island arc slope and oceanic trench. Subduction-accretion complexes and the island arc volcanites are overlain with a sharp angular unconformity by a carbonate-conglomerate sequence, which presents as local molasse of the Early Permian age. Based on fusulinids from the basal limestone, the age of the local molasse is first defined as the Yakhtashian-Bolorian, i.e. Artinskian-Kungurian (?). The thorough investigations revealed that the initial closure of the eastern Paleotethys within the eastern Kunlun corresponded to the Sakmarian-Yakhtashian (Artinskian) boundary, whereas in the western Paleotethys sector (Northern Pamirs) the closure occurred considerably earlier, prior to the Late Bashkirian.Thus, the idea that the Paleotethys in the eastern Kunlun reached its maximum width in the Permian, is highly questionable.During the Early Permian the A'nyemaqen branch of the Paleotethys intensely decreased. Beginning from the Bolorian (Kungurian) and up to the end of the Permian this branch represented its relict in the form ora marginal sea depression. It may be suggested that the Paleotethys closure in the A'nyemaqen took place gradually from the west to the east and covered a long period from the Late Carboniferous to the terminal Early Permian.

AGE OF THE LONGYIN FORMATION IN SOUTHWEST GUIZHOU PROVINCE——A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE CORRELATION OF THE LOWER PERMIAN BETWEEN SOUTH CHINA AND THE URAL OF USSR

The Permian Artinskian age of the Longyin Formation is indicated by the appearanceof the ammonoid Popanoceras fauna at its lowermost part. The upper Maping Formationin South China should include all the Sakmarin deposit at least.

The relationship between dolomite textures and their formation temperature: a case study from the Permian-Triassic of the Sichuan Basin and the Lower Paleozoic of the Tarim Basin

Study of dolomite texture can contribute to understanding the process of dolomitization. This research reports textures and homogenization temperatures of dolomites from the Permian–Triassic strata in the Sichuan Basin and the Lower Paleozoic strata in the Tarim Basin, which provided insights into relationships between dolomite textures and their formation temperatures. Our results are summarized as follows: 1) dolomites with well-preserved texture indicate low dolomitization temperature. However, in certain diagenetic environments, the hydrothermal dolomitization may completely or partially preserve the original texture of dolomites. 2) The formation temperatures of non-planar dolomites are always higher than those of planar dolomites. 3) The formation temperatures of dolomite cements are generally higher than those of replacive dolomites. 4) Although the formation temperatures of saddle dolomite cements have a wide range, they show higher values than those of the planar subhedral to euhedral dolomite cements. Thus, saddle dolomites could generally be an indicator of high precipitation temperature. 5) The fluid Mg/Ca ratio is another element controlling dolomite morphology. Micritic dolomites, which precipitate from hypersaline fluids with a high Mg/Ca ratio in a subaerial environment could also have features of non-planar anhedral crystal shape because of rapid nucleation and crystallization during dolomitization.

Research on Outcrop Sequence Stratigraphy of Permian in Middle-Lower Yangtze Region

According to the latest International Chronostratigraphic Scheme (ICS, 2000), the Permian in the Middle Lower Yangtze region of South China can be divided into three series and nine stages relevant to the traditional six stages of South China. From Assellian to Changxingian of Permian, 44 Ma in age range, the strata are composed of 14 third order sequences, each of which is 3.14 Ma in average age range. There is one third order sequence of Zisongian, equivalent to middle and upper Chuanshan Formation or equal to Asselian and two thirds of Sakmarian. There are two third order sequences, corresponding to Liang shan Formation or Zhenjiang Formation and upper Chuanshan Formation, which are assigned to Longlingian, coinciding with Artinskian and one third of Sakmarian. In addition, three third order sequences, equal to Qixia Formation, are attributed to Chihsian, corresponding to Kubergandian and one third of Roadian. Four third order sequences, comprising Gufeng, Maokou, Yanqiao, Yinping and Wuxue formations, are assigned to Maokouan, equivalent to two thirds of Roadian, Wordian and Capitanian. Two third order sequences, equal to Longtan Formation or Wujiaping Formation, are included in Wuchiapingian. Other two third order sequences, corresponding to Changxing Formation or Dalong Formation, are assigned to Changhsingian. In brief, these above third order sequences can be incorporated into 4 sequences sets.

Ternary analytic porosity-reduction model of sandstone compaction trend and its significance in petroleum geology: A case study of tight sandstones in Permian Lower Shihezi Formation of Shilijiahan area, Ordos Basin, China

The tight sandstones in the Permian Lower Shihezi Formation of Shilijiahan area in the Ordos Basin was taken as study object in this research to quantitatively determine the effects of burial depth, burial time and compaction strength on porosity during densification of reservoir. Firstly, sandstone compaction profiles were analyzed in detail. Secondly, the theoretical study was performed based on visco-elasto-plastic stress–strain model. Thirdly, multiple regression and iterative algorithm were used respectively to ascertain the variation trends of Young's modulus and equivalent viscosity coefficient with burial depth and burial time. Accordingly, the ternary analytic porosity-reduction model of sandstone compaction trend was established. Eventually, the reasonability of improved model was tested by comparing with thin-section statistics under microscope and the models in common use. The study shows that the new model can divide the porosity reduction into three parts, namely, elastic porosity loss, visco-plastic porosity loss and porosity loss from cementation. And the results calculated by the new model of litharenite in He 2 Member are close to the average value from the thin-section statistics on Houseknecht chart, which approximately reveals the relative magnitudes of compaction and cementation in the normal evolution trend of sandstone porosity. Furthermore, the model can more exactly depict the compaction trend of sandstone affected little by dissolution than previous compaction models, and evaluate sandstone compaction degree and its contribution to reservoir densification during different burial and uplift processes.

Identification and evaluation of shale oil micromigration and its petroleum geological significance

Taking the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin,NW China,as an example,core observation,test analysis,geological analysis and numerical simulation were applied to identify the shale oil micro-migration phenomenon.The hydrocarbon micro-migration in shale oil was quantitatively evaluated and verified by a self-created hydrocarbon expulsion potential method,and the petroleum geological significance of shale oil micro-migration evaluation was determined.Results show that significant micro-migration can be recognized between the organic-rich lamina and organic-poor lamina.The organic-rich lamina has strong hydrocarbon generation ability.The heavy components of hydrocarbon preferentially retained by kerogen swelling or adsorption,while the light components of hydrocarbon were migrated and accumulated to the interbedded felsic or carbonate organic-poor laminae as free oil.About 69% of the Fengcheng Formation shale samples in Well MY1 exhibit hydrocarbon charging phenomenon,while 31% of those exhibit hydrocarbon expulsion phenomenon.The reliability of the micro-migration evaluation results was verified by combining the group components based on the geochromatography effect,two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,and the geochemical behavior of inorganic manganese elements in the process of hydrocarbon migration.Micro-migration is a bridge connecting the hydrocarbon accumulation elements in shale formations,which reflects the whole process of shale oil generation,expulsion and accumulation,and controls the content and composition of shale oil.The identification and evaluation of shale oil micro-migration will provide new perspectives for dynamically differential enrichment mechanism of shale oil and establishing a“multi-peak model in oil generation”of shale.

天然气运移轻烃地球化学示踪--以鄂尔多斯盆地东胜气田为例

基于天然气中轻烃化合物组成分析和区域性对比,结合组分和甲烷碳同位素组成特征,揭示轻烃地球化学特征对鄂尔多斯盆地东胜气田上古生界天然气运移和水溶及逸散等示踪作用,探讨运移作用对特定轻烃指标的关联效应。研究表明:①东胜气田二叠系下石盒子组天然气C5−7异构烷烃含量高于正构烷烃,C6−7轻烃组成呈链烷烃优势分布且芳香烃含量明显偏低(小于4.0%),C7轻烃主体呈甲基环己烷优势分布,整体表现出煤成气特征且受到了水溶等作用影响;②东胜气田天然气经历了自南向北的游离相运移,并在充注后发生不同程度的水溶作用,其中泊尔江海子断裂以北什股壕地区天然气在聚集后具有明显的散失;③长距离的游离相运移导致天然气C7轻烃中甲基环己烷相对含量和甲苯/正庚烷值降低、正庚烷/甲基环己烷值和庚烷值增大,水溶作用导致轻烃异庚烷值增大,天然气散失导致什股壕地区天然气中C5−7正构烷烃相对异构烷烃含量增加。

页岩油微运移识别、评价及其石油地质意义

以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组页岩为例,综合岩心观察、测试分析、地质剖析和数值模拟等方法,识别页岩层系石油微运移现象,采用自主研发的排烃潜力法定量评价页岩油微运移烃量并进行了可靠性验证,指出页岩油微运移评价的石油地质意义。研究表明:页岩层系富有机质纹层和贫有机质纹层之间存在明显的页岩油微运移,富有机质纹层生烃能力强,生成烃类的重质组分优先与干酪根溶胀或吸附滞留,轻组分以游离态运移到与其互层的长英质或碳酸盐贫有机质纹层富集;玛页1井风城组69%的页岩存在外来运移烃的充注,31%的页岩发生了排烃作用。综合基于地质色层效应的族组分、二维核磁共振以及无机锰元素在烃类运移过程中的地球化学行为等分析,验证了微运移评价结果的可靠性;微运移是连接页岩层系各个油气聚集要素的桥梁,贯穿页岩油从生成、排出到富集的全过程,影响页岩油的含量和组分。页岩油微运移识别与评价结果,将为揭示页岩油动态差异富集机制、建立页岩“多级生油高峰”模式提供新视角。

准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田及周缘天然气成因来源再认识与勘探启示

克拉美丽气田石炭系气藏已探明天然气地质储量832.4×10^(8) m^(3),是准噶尔盆地已发现的最大天然气田。为了进一步探索、评价、深化对克拉美丽气田及其周缘天然气气源潜力认识,推动发现新气田,对5套地层、38口井、65个天然气样品进行分析,并基于天然气组分和天然气稳定碳同位素组成,系统研究了其成因、来源和遭受的次生改造作用,提出了新的天然气勘探领域。研究结果表明:(1)克拉美丽气田及其周缘存在4种不同成因来源的天然气,第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类天然气为煤成气,第Ⅲ类天然气为浅埋藏期伴生原油发生生物降解形成的次生生物成因气(混合热成因气),第Ⅳ类天然气为油型气;(2)部分天然气样品Δδ^(13)C(C_(3)—C_(2))和i-C_(4)/n-C_(4)值异常增加,其重烃气组分遭受了细菌的选择性降解;(3)石炭系滴水泉组烃源岩较巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩分布更广,连续性更好,规模更大,二叠系平地泉组烃源岩在盆地南部已普遍达到高成熟—过成熟阶段,滴水泉组和平地泉组2套烃源岩形成的含油气系统有望成为盆地深层—超深层天然气规模勘探的新领域;(4)次生生物成因气埋藏浅,甲烷浓度高,开采成本低,建产快,且在准噶尔盆地广泛分布,是浅层天然气高效勘探的重要领域。结论认为,天然气成因来源的再认识深化了准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田及其周缘天然气资源的认识,揭示了盆地深层—超深层和浅层天然气是天然气勘探战略接替领域,对推动盆地实现以石油勘探为主向“油气并举”的重大转变提供了重要技术参考。

山西太原西山下二叠统太原组鳞木属化石研究

华夏植物群是晚古生代全球四大著名植物群之一,鳞木属(Lepidodendron)广泛分布于四大植物群中。华夏植物区鳞木属因叶痕较大、叶痕下无通气道痕而被视为地域特征显著的东方型鳞木,区别于具有通气道痕的欧美植物区鳞木属。山西太原西山地区是华夏植物群的重要分布地之一,本文对太原西山地区下二叠统太原组的4块东方型鳞木化石进行鉴定和描述。结果表明,它们分属三种鳞木属叶座化石,即Lepidodendron oculus-felis、Lepidodendron cervicisum和Lepidodendron cf.aolungpylukense。根据鳞木属的大化石记录和相似属的研究成果,推测该属可能在晚泥盆世晚期起源于华南板块,跨洋流到达土耳其小亚细亚一带后开始分化,一支向西北到达欧洲西部并扩散至美洲北部,另一支从土耳其一带向北扩散至西伯利亚,最终散布到东欧、中亚地区。

东胜气田A井区二叠系下石盒子组高含水气藏地质建模

为了精细描述致密高含水气藏可供开发调整的有利区、明确储集层参数的空间展布特征,以鄂尔多斯盆地东胜气田A井区二叠系下石盒子组气藏为研究对象,分析了适合高含水气藏的建模方法,综合岩心、测井、钻井等资料,借助Petrel软件建立了该区下石盒子组气藏三维地质模型。研究结果表明:①研究区整体上为北东高、南西低的宽缓单斜,区内发育两条正断层、小型鼻状隆起以及背斜构造;②盒1段河道及复合心滩规模较大,呈“砂包泥”状,盒2+3段河道及心滩规模相对较小,呈“泥包砂”状,研究区泥岩夹层占比为50%,粉砂岩夹层和致密层夹层占比为30%;③所建模型数据与实际钻井情况较为相符,能够快速高效地计算研究区天然气地质储量,计算出A井区下石盒子组气藏天然气地质储量为341.16×10^(8) m^(3)。结论认为:①利用精细水平井单层划分成果细化地层微构造可以建立全区精细构造模型;②建立水平井构型控制的沉积微相模型及隔夹层模型能有效提高物性参数模型的准确度和有效性;③沉积微相、岩石相、断层等主控因素约束的水平井气藏属性参数建模能有效提高物性参数模型的准确度和有效性,在致密高含水气藏“多、薄、窄、密、强、杂”型的储层空间中适用性好。

下扬子逆冲推覆构造后缘凹陷油气富集关键要素及有利勘探方向

通过开展系统的构造特征、沉积环境、油气富集规律分析,在钻探新发现的新资料基础上,对下扬子北缘逆冲推覆构造后缘凹陷油气富集规律和有利勘探方向进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)下扬子北缘逆冲推覆构造后缘凹陷中油气显示表现为“三气两油”特征,即二叠系大隆组和孤峰组页岩气、龙潭组煤层气和致密砂岩气、大隆组页岩油和三叠系殷坑组灰岩裂隙油。(2)以宣城凹陷为代表的下扬子北缘逆冲推覆构造后缘凹陷带油气富集受3个关键要素控制,即后缘凹陷块体稳定,已形成的油气体系具有较好的保存环境;该地区二叠系大隆组(P3d)和孤峰组(P2g)沉积环境属深水陆棚环境,是有利的沉积相带,发育2套富有机质的烃源岩层系;顶、底板有效封存条件均较好,烃源岩上部有三叠系泥灰岩地层覆盖,下部有栖霞组生物碎屑灰岩为垫层,顶、底地层控制了纵向油气的散逸。(3)研究区下三叠统—上二叠统自上而下依次富集泥灰岩裂隙油、页岩油、页岩气、煤层气、致密砂岩气,整体呈“上油下气”多种非常规油气同生共存的特征,形成了特殊的油气富集模式。(4)宣城凹陷与南陵凹陷、句容凹陷和常州凹陷具有相似的地质条件,是下一步页岩油气勘探的首选有利区。

鄂尔多斯盆地海陆过渡相页岩岩性组合特征及页岩气勘探潜力

中国海陆过渡相页岩气资源潜力大,是页岩气增储上产的重要接替领域,但海陆过渡相页岩沉积环境变化频繁,页岩、煤、砂岩以及石灰岩等岩性频繁互层,目前海陆过渡相页岩气勘探地质评价还处在初期阶段,有利页岩岩性组合及储层特征有待深入研究。为此,以鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘大吉区块下二叠统山西组二段三亚段(以下简称山23亚段)海陆过渡相页岩为研究对象,通过钻井岩心和野外露头观察,结合测井响应特征,划分了岩性组合类型,并基于扫描电镜、聚焦离子束扫描、气体吸附、高压压汞等实验技术手段,厘清了不同岩性组合页岩储层特征,明确了有利岩性组合类型和页岩气勘探意义。研究结果表明:①研究区山23亚段可划分为纯页岩型(S型)、富粉砂页岩型(SS型)、富砂页岩型(SSS型)以及富煤页岩型(CSS型)4种岩性组合类型;②S型组合页岩储层物性最优,总有机碳含量为6.87%,腐泥组含量可达50%,有机质类型兼具Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型,含气性高,富含石英等脆性矿物,表现出“甜而脆”的特征;③S型组合页岩储集空间为有机孔+微裂缝,有机孔孔径介于10~300 nm,呈圆形或椭圆形;④山23亚段其余岩性组合页岩有机质类型为Ⅲ型,富含黏土矿物,有机孔发育程度低,微裂缝贡献对总孔隙体积最高为32%;⑤S型组合受海湾环境控制,海源与陆源的“双源”有机质以及非陆源石英等脆性矿物富集显著改善储层品质。结论认为,S型组合页岩具备连续型有效配置的烃源岩、储集层和聚集、保存的基础地质条件,且勘探开发实践已证实S型组合页岩是页岩气勘探开发的“黄金靶体”,并为下一步该区海陆过渡相页岩气的勘探指明了方向。

准噶尔盆地腹部上二叠统-下三叠统浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征与模式

准噶尔盆地下组合油气资源规模巨大,是最重要的战略接替领域;腹部四大凹陷二叠系—三叠系发育规模三角洲砂体,并在其中连获油气新发现。为了揭示腹部凹陷区沉积特征、沉积模式和砂体展布规律,基于大量新钻井岩心、测录井和地球物理资料,系统开展了盆地原型、层序格架、古地貌恢复和沉积体系研究。准噶尔盆地腹部上二叠统—下三叠统浅水辫状河三角洲发育期具有大型坳陷湖盆发育背景,沉积时期地形平缓,坡度小,物源供给充足,水体极浅且频繁动荡,氧化和还原环境交替出现,且整体以氧化环境为主;浅水辫状河三角洲具有粒度较粗、低杂基含量、中等结构成熟度、较长距离搬运、强水动力淘洗、发育交错层理和平行层理等沉积特征;腹部地区上乌尔禾组—百口泉组沉积时期优势水系主要来自西北和东北方向,整体自北向南延伸,发育乌尔禾、克拉玛依及克拉美丽3大物源体系。盆内地形分带性明显,形成扇三角洲区、辫状河三角洲平原区、前缘区和湖区4个相带,由此在腹部地区形成了“大平原、小前缘”的浅水辫状河三角洲沉积格局,其中平原区和前缘区均为有利砂体发育地带。

下扬子宣泾地区二叠系大隆组页岩含气量主控因素分析--以港地1井为例

下扬子地区发育了寒武系、志留系和二叠系3套有利成藏的页岩,资源潜力大,但存在页岩含气量主控因素不明确的问题。为此,以下扬子宣泾地区港地1井为依托,钻遇的70.1 m厚上二叠统大隆组富有机质页岩为目的层,对岩心系统取样并应用对比分析法,在纵向上连续动态地进行包括矿物成分、孔隙结构、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)、镜质体反射率(vitrinite reflectance,Ro)和有机质类型等研究工作,深入分析TOC、Ro和有机质类型等地球化学指标与含气量之间的对应关系,从而厘定了影响含气量的关键地球化学参数。分析结果表明:TOC与页岩含气量之间存在强正相关关系;在有机质成熟阶段中期,Ro与含气量之间相关性偏弱,对含气量变化没有明显的影响;有机质类型对页岩含气量有重要影响,但是两者的相关性弱于TOC。通过对大隆组页岩从顶部到底部的系统分析,探索了用一套完整页岩在纵向上分析含气量影响因素的新方法。