The orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the formula of maca lozenge and explore the preparation techniques and product property of maca lozenges. With the sensory evaluation of maca lozenge as the indi...The orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the formula of maca lozenge and explore the preparation techniques and product property of maca lozenges. With the sensory evaluation of maca lozenge as the indicator, L16 (44) orthogonal design graph was used to select the optimal techniques, and to investigate the stability, heavy metals and microorganisms contents in the tablets. The optimal formula was 80% of maca power, 12% of Rhodiola rosea powder, and 6% of Angelica sinensis powder, where the comprehensive sensory index reached 246. Moreover, under the optimal conditions, various kinds of heavy metals contents were in consistent with the GB164740 standards, and there was no significant change in color, size, friability, and disintegration time, as well as microorganism content during the 12-month preservation. With simple, easy and reliable technique and quality control method, the process study had obtained the national patent process (patent number: ZL200810233796.X), and the contents of heavy metals and micr6organisms laid foundation for the quality standard.展开更多
The limitations of existing treatments for both Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lie in their inability to provide universally accessible, easy...The limitations of existing treatments for both Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lie in their inability to provide universally accessible, easy-to-use, and effective solutions. A commercially available fixed combination of chlorhexidine and lidocaine in both, lozenge and spray form, were assessed for their antiviral efficacy against RSV and SARS-CoV-2 in a suspension test, the viral titres were measured by standard TCID50. Both formulations were able to reduce the RSV titre to undetectable levels (99.9% virus inactivation, 3 log10 reduction) in less than 1 minute. The lozenge formulation inactivated the viral activity of SARS-CoV-2 in 5 minutes (99% virus inactivation, 2 log10 reduction), while the spray formulation led to a reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titre to undetectable levels in less than 1 minute (99.9%, 3 log10 reduction). In conclusion, our results show that preparations combining chlorhexidine and lidocaine significantly reduce certain respiratory viruses in vitro. In this regard, physiological effects of these preparations become more obvious potentially affecting viral transmission to other individuals and spreading to the lower respiratory tract—thereby shortening the duration and severity of symptoms.展开更多
Zinc finger protein,an important transcription factor,regulates gene expression associated with various physiological and pathological processes.U-shaped,belong to the Friend of GATA(FOG)transcription factor,plays a c...Zinc finger protein,an important transcription factor,regulates gene expression associated with various physiological and pathological processes.U-shaped,belong to the Friend of GATA(FOG)transcription factor,plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis by interacting with the GATA transcription factor as a co-factor.However,little is known about its functions in insects.In the present study,a U-shaped cDNA was identified and characterized from the silkworm Bombyx mori and its potential roles in innate immunity investigated.The predicted silkworm U-shaped amino acid sequence contained a classical nuclear localization signal(NLS)motif“GESSPKRRRR”at position 45CU459,and arginine residues at position 456 and 478 are the critical sites of the NLS.U-shaped mRNA was detected in all tested tissues of the B.mori;however,the highest levels were found in the hemocytes.U-shaped mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the hemocyte after the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus challenge.Furthermore,U-shaped knockdown significantly reduced the melanization process and suppressed the expression of melanization-associated genes,including PPO1,PPO2,PPAE and BAEE.In addition,U-shaped interacts with Lozenge protein to regulate the innate immune response of the insect.Our results revealed that U-shaped binds directly to Lozenge protein to modulate the melanization process and innate immune responses in silkworm.展开更多
The MohroCoulomb criterion has been widely used to explain formation of fractures. However, it fails to explain large strain deformation that widely occurs in nature. There is presently a new theory, the MEMC, which i...The MohroCoulomb criterion has been widely used to explain formation of fractures. However, it fails to explain large strain deformation that widely occurs in nature. There is presently a new theory, the MEMC, which is mathematically expressed as Meff = ((σ1-σ3) L.sin 2α sin α)/2, where σ1-σ3 represents the yield strength of the related rock, L is a unit length and a is the angle between σ1 and deformation bands. This criterion demonstrates that the maximum value appears at angles of ±54.7° to σ1 and there is a slight difference in the moment in the range of 55°±10°. The range covers the whole observations available from nature and experiments. Its major implications include: (1) it can be used to determine the stress state when the related deformation features formed; (2) it provides a new approach to determine the Wk of the related ductile shear zone if only the ratio of the vorticity and strain rate remains fixed; (3) It can be used to explain (a) the obtuse angle in the contraction direction of conjugate kink-bands and extensional crenulation cleavages, (b) formation of low-angle normal faults and high-angle reverse faults, (c) lozenge ductile shear zones in basement terranes, (d) some crocodile structures in seismic profiles and (e) detachment folds in foreland basins.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Project for the National Basic Work of Science and Technology(2006FY110700)the Provincial Plans for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Yunnan Province(2007C0219Z)the Special Fund for the Provincial Financial Development of Bio-industry of Yunnan Province(Yuncainong[2011]274)~~
文摘The orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the formula of maca lozenge and explore the preparation techniques and product property of maca lozenges. With the sensory evaluation of maca lozenge as the indicator, L16 (44) orthogonal design graph was used to select the optimal techniques, and to investigate the stability, heavy metals and microorganisms contents in the tablets. The optimal formula was 80% of maca power, 12% of Rhodiola rosea powder, and 6% of Angelica sinensis powder, where the comprehensive sensory index reached 246. Moreover, under the optimal conditions, various kinds of heavy metals contents were in consistent with the GB164740 standards, and there was no significant change in color, size, friability, and disintegration time, as well as microorganism content during the 12-month preservation. With simple, easy and reliable technique and quality control method, the process study had obtained the national patent process (patent number: ZL200810233796.X), and the contents of heavy metals and micr6organisms laid foundation for the quality standard.
文摘The limitations of existing treatments for both Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lie in their inability to provide universally accessible, easy-to-use, and effective solutions. A commercially available fixed combination of chlorhexidine and lidocaine in both, lozenge and spray form, were assessed for their antiviral efficacy against RSV and SARS-CoV-2 in a suspension test, the viral titres were measured by standard TCID50. Both formulations were able to reduce the RSV titre to undetectable levels (99.9% virus inactivation, 3 log10 reduction) in less than 1 minute. The lozenge formulation inactivated the viral activity of SARS-CoV-2 in 5 minutes (99% virus inactivation, 2 log10 reduction), while the spray formulation led to a reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titre to undetectable levels in less than 1 minute (99.9%, 3 log10 reduction). In conclusion, our results show that preparations combining chlorhexidine and lidocaine significantly reduce certain respiratory viruses in vitro. In this regard, physiological effects of these preparations become more obvious potentially affecting viral transmission to other individuals and spreading to the lower respiratory tract—thereby shortening the duration and severity of symptoms.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31802142)the Doctorial Start-up Fund of Southwest University(SWU120019,020023)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2019C089)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019T120801 and 2017M620408)the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology(SKLSGB-ORP202003).
文摘Zinc finger protein,an important transcription factor,regulates gene expression associated with various physiological and pathological processes.U-shaped,belong to the Friend of GATA(FOG)transcription factor,plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis by interacting with the GATA transcription factor as a co-factor.However,little is known about its functions in insects.In the present study,a U-shaped cDNA was identified and characterized from the silkworm Bombyx mori and its potential roles in innate immunity investigated.The predicted silkworm U-shaped amino acid sequence contained a classical nuclear localization signal(NLS)motif“GESSPKRRRR”at position 45CU459,and arginine residues at position 456 and 478 are the critical sites of the NLS.U-shaped mRNA was detected in all tested tissues of the B.mori;however,the highest levels were found in the hemocytes.U-shaped mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the hemocyte after the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus challenge.Furthermore,U-shaped knockdown significantly reduced the melanization process and suppressed the expression of melanization-associated genes,including PPO1,PPO2,PPAE and BAEE.In addition,U-shaped interacts with Lozenge protein to regulate the innate immune response of the insect.Our results revealed that U-shaped binds directly to Lozenge protein to modulate the melanization process and innate immune responses in silkworm.
基金This work is financed by the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 40272084, 40472101 and 40572123).
文摘The MohroCoulomb criterion has been widely used to explain formation of fractures. However, it fails to explain large strain deformation that widely occurs in nature. There is presently a new theory, the MEMC, which is mathematically expressed as Meff = ((σ1-σ3) L.sin 2α sin α)/2, where σ1-σ3 represents the yield strength of the related rock, L is a unit length and a is the angle between σ1 and deformation bands. This criterion demonstrates that the maximum value appears at angles of ±54.7° to σ1 and there is a slight difference in the moment in the range of 55°±10°. The range covers the whole observations available from nature and experiments. Its major implications include: (1) it can be used to determine the stress state when the related deformation features formed; (2) it provides a new approach to determine the Wk of the related ductile shear zone if only the ratio of the vorticity and strain rate remains fixed; (3) It can be used to explain (a) the obtuse angle in the contraction direction of conjugate kink-bands and extensional crenulation cleavages, (b) formation of low-angle normal faults and high-angle reverse faults, (c) lozenge ductile shear zones in basement terranes, (d) some crocodile structures in seismic profiles and (e) detachment folds in foreland basins.