Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation levels determined adipogenesis and fat accumulation in adipose tissue in pigs

Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.

保育仔猪猪圆环病毒2型和副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊疗

为查清山西省吕梁市中阳县某猪场从山东购买的保育仔猪大量出现的急性死亡、关节发炎、呼吸困难、高热等症状的病原,无菌采集病猪并带回实验室进行临床剖检,随后采集血液、淋巴结、肺、肾脏和脾脏进行实验室诊断,做出初步判断,制定综合防治策略,病情得到控制。本研究采用灵敏度和准确度较高的实时荧光PCR技术定性检测病料样品中的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)和副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)。结果表明:中阳县某猪场保育仔猪为PCV2与HPS混合感染。基于诊断结论对保育猪免疫治疗程序和消毒进行合理调整,综合防治13 d后,猪群无新增发病率和新增死亡率,最大程度地减少了经济损失。本研究为猪场后续的治疗与预防提供了诊断依据。

基于NOX5-ERK1/2信号通路探讨健脾祛痰化瘀方对动脉粥样硬化小型猪炎症反应的影响

目的 观察健脾祛痰化瘀方对动脉粥样硬化(AS)小型猪氧化应激和炎症反应的影响,基于NOX5-ERK1/2信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法 将12只巴马小型猪随机分为对照组、模型组和健脾祛痰化瘀方低、高剂量组,每组3只。采用高脂饮食饲养24周构建动脉粥样硬化模型,给药组同时在饲料中添加健脾祛痰化瘀方。分别于给药0、16、24周检测小型猪一般体征(体长、腹围、体质量、食物摄入量和粪便含水量),HE染色观察主动脉形态,油红O染色观察主动脉和心肌组织脂质沉积,透射电镜观察胸主动脉组织超微结构,全自动生化分析仪检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量,ELISA检测血清活性氧(ROS)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)含量,Western blot检测主动脉组织NADPH氧化酶5(NOX5)、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、p-ERK1/2、VCAM-1、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组小型猪16、24周腹围、体质量、食物摄入量增加(P<0.01),主动脉内膜明显增厚,内皮细胞破坏,脂质沉积,平滑肌细胞水肿,线粒体肿胀明显,血清TC、LDL-C含量及ROS、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、hs-CRP、VCAM-1、ICAM-1含量升高,HDL-C含量降低(P<0.01);主动脉组织NOX5、p-ERK1/2、VCAM-1、PCNA蛋白表达升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,健脾祛痰化瘀方低、高剂量组16、24周腹围、体质量、食物摄入量减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),斑块面积和脂质沉积减少,内皮细胞破坏减轻,血清TC、LDL-C含量及ROS、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、hs-CRP、VCAM-1、ICAM-1含量降低,HDL-C含量升高(P<0.01,P<0.05);主动脉组织NOX5、p-ERK1/2、VCAM-1、PCNA蛋白表达降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论 健脾祛痰化瘀方可减轻小型猪AS,其机制可能与抑制NOX5-ERK1/2信号通路激活、减轻氧化应激诱导的炎症反应有关。

Whole-genome sequencing study to identify candidate markers indicating susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Bama miniature pigs

Background:Hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites have been found to be potential genetic markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,SNPs related to T2DM in minipigs have been less reported.This study aimed to screen the T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP loci in Bama minipigs so as to improve the success rate of the minipig T2DM model.Methods:The genomic DNAs of three Bama minipigs with T2DM,six sibling lowsusceptibility minipigs with T2DM,and three normal control minipigs were compared by whole-genome sequencing.The T2DM Bama minipig-specific loci were obtained,and their functions were annotated.Meanwhile,the Biomart software was used to perform homology alignment with T2DM-related loci obtained from the human genome-wide association study to screen candidate SNP markers for T2DM in Bama miniature pigs.Results:Whole-genome resequencing detected 6960 specific loci in the minipigs with T2DM,and 13 loci corresponding to 9 diabetes-related genes were selected.Further,a set of 122 specific loci in 69 orthologous genes of human T2DM candidate genes were obtained in the pigs.Collectively,a batch of T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP markers in Bama minipigs,covering 16 genes and 135 loci,was established.Conclusions:Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of the orthologous genes in pigs that corresponded to the human T2DM-related variant loci successfully screened out T2DM-susceptible candidate markers in Bama miniature pigs.Using these loci to predict the susceptibility of the pigs before constructing an animal model of T2DM may help to establish an ideal animal model.

小型猪2型糖尿病模型的部分血清炎性因子变化

目的动态观察小型猪2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型血清中炎性因子水平,为2型糖尿病研究提供参考资料。方法将10头巴马小型猪随机分为对照组(Control)和模型组(DM),对照组以常规饲料喂养,模型组以高脂饮食联合静脉注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立小型猪2型糖尿病模型。实验为期9个月,每月检测动物空腹血糖与胰岛素水平,每3个月检测一次糖耐量。采用ELISA试剂盒检测第0、3、6、9个月动物血清中的11种炎性因子水平。结果在高脂饮食诱导3个月后注射STZ,模型组空腹血糖显著升高(P<0.05),糖耐量严重受损,发生了胰岛素抵抗。ELISA结果显示,模型组与对照组动物血清中11种炎性因子水平在前3个月并无特别大的变化,且两组对比无统计学意义。在T2DM发病后,模型组血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达水平升高并显著高于对照组(PDGF-BB,第6个月P<0.05;PDGF-BB、TNF-α,第9个月P<0.05),模型组白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的表达水平随着时间的增加逐渐升高,在第9个月的表达水平显著高于第0、3个月(P<0.05),但是与对照组对比并无显著性差异。结论采用高脂饲料联合低剂量STZ成功建立了小型猪2型糖尿病模型。单纯高脂饮食未对小型猪血清炎性因子水平造成明显影响,在T2DM发病后PDGF-BB和TNF-α在血清中的表达水平升高且显著高于正常动物。

PIG3启动子结合元件(TGYCC)n与肿瘤易感性的研究进展

PIG3是受p53调控的下游靶基因,通过参与合成活性氧及对氧化应激的调控参与细胞凋亡过程。PIG3的启动子区有一段串联重复序列(TGYCC)n(Y=C或T),其转录调控与这段五核苷酸重复序列密切相关。本文对(TGYCC)n这段串联重复序列在PIG3转录调控中的作用进行综述,探讨其多态性与肿瘤易感性的关系。

不同圆环病毒2型疫苗对生长育肥猪影响的研究

为评估不同圆环病毒2型疫苗对生猪生长肥育期免疫效果,本试验选择国产和进口两种疫苗,对同一批23日龄断奶长大二元杂交去势仔猪360头,随机分成A、B、C三组,每组120头,A组免疫国产SEPPIC佐剂PCV2a全病毒灭活疫苗(WH株)、B组免疫进口水质佐剂亚单位疫苗(PCV2a Cap蛋白),C组不做任何处理。结果显示,与国产圆环病毒2型疫苗相比,进口疫苗在生长性能、抗体水平及免疫保护期等方面均表现出了较强的优势,经济效益较为显著。

HepG2细胞中PIG11相互作用蛋白质的初步分离与鉴定

目的探讨人肝细胞癌细胞系(HepG2)并初步鉴定候选肝癌抑癌蛋白肿瘤蛋白P53下游靶基因11号(PIG11)相互作用蛋白,确定PIG11的作用方式。方法课题组前期利用质粒pLXSN构建逆转录病毒载体,转染细胞后建立起PIG11高表达HepG2细胞株。将HepG2分为HepG2对照组,空载体HepG2组和PIG11高表达HepG2组分别培养,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。采用免疫共沉淀富集HepG2细胞中PIG11结合蛋白,切取PIG11结合蛋白条带,胶内酶解后进行电喷雾串联质谱得到肽序列标签,通过数据库查询蛋白。结果PIG11蛋白高表达组凋亡率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。串联质谱后数据库查询鉴定出11个蛋白,分别是热休克蛋白家族中的HSP60,KH型剪接调节蛋白(KSRP)、脑酸溶性蛋白BASP1、蛋白水解诱导因子(PIF/DCD)、Y染色体RNA结合蛋白、碳酸酐酶、白蛋白以及骨架蛋白中的波形蛋白、α、β-微管蛋白、肌动蛋白。结论PIG11蛋白高表达对HepG2具有诱导凋亡作用;初步鉴定出11个PIG11结合蛋白,为进一步阐明PIG11蛋白的作用机制提供线索。

PIG11高表达诱导HepG2细胞凋亡及其机制的初步探讨

目的利用已建立的稳定高表达PIG11蛋白的HepG2细胞株,探讨PIG11蛋白表达对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响,以及线粒体膜电位改变和Cyt C释放在凋亡过程中的作用。阐明PIG11诱导细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法 PI染色,流式检测细胞的凋亡情况。用Rh123标记,流式测定线粒体膜电位。Western Blot检测胞浆和线粒体中Cyt C的含量变化。结果流式细胞仪检测Rh123荧光强度,结果显示:pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2细胞荧光强度(5.4±0.15)低于HepG2细胞(14.7±0.56)和pLXSN-HepG2细胞(13.2±0.53)(P<0.01)。表明PIG11高表达诱导细胞凋亡过程中存在线粒体膜电位去极化。用CsA(10μmol/L)抑制各组细胞的线粒体通透性转移孔后,流式凋亡检测结果显示pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2细胞凋亡率明显降低。Western Blot检测发现存在线粒体Cyt C向胞浆释放。结论 PIG11高表达可诱导HepG2细胞凋亡,PIG11诱导细胞凋亡机制可能由线粒体膜电位改变及Cyt C向胞浆释放而介导。

Caspase-8和Bcl-2在PIG11诱导HepG2细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:利用本实验室已建立PIG11蛋白稳定低表达的HepG2细胞株和PIG11蛋白稳定高表达HepG2细胞株,研究Caspase-8和Bcl-2在PIG11诱导HepG2细胞凋亡中的作用,进一步探讨PIG11基因表达对HepG2细胞凋亡的机制。方法:细胞培养,分组:HepG2细胞、pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2(pLXSN-PIG11转染建立PIG11蛋白高表达HepG2细胞)、pLXSN-HepG2(pLXSN空载体转染HepG2细胞)、miR-PIG11-HepG2(miRNA干扰PIG11蛋白低表达HepG2细胞)、miR-HepG2(干扰空载体HepG2细胞)。Hoechst33342染色荧光和PI染色流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡情况。Western blot检测Caspase-8蛋白、Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况。结果:Hoechst 33342染色荧光显微镜下pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2细胞组可见核染色质浓缩,核碎片,荧光增强,以及凋亡小体。PI染色流式细胞仪检测结果显示:HepG2细胞、miR-PIG11-HepG2细胞、miR-HepG2细胞、pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2细胞、pLXSN-HepG2细胞的凋亡率分别为5.72%±0.81%、1.34%±0.71%、5.10%±0.40%、34.83%±2.29%、5.34%±0.60%。PIG11高表达的pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2细胞组凋亡率比其它各组增高(P<0.01),PIG11低表达的miR-PIG11-HepG2细胞组凋亡率降低(P<0.01)。Western blot检测结果显示PIG11高表达的pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2细胞Caspase-8蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调(P<0.01),PIG11低表达的miR-PIG11-HepG2细胞Caspase-8蛋白的表达下调,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调(P<0.01)。结论:PIG11蛋白高表达能诱导HepG2细胞凋亡,其机制可能与Caspase-8蛋白及Bcl-2蛋白表达相关。

某猪场致生长育肥猪腹泻的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)病原学检测与病理组织学观察

某猪场80日龄左右的生长育肥猪群出现顽固性腹泻,腹泻粪便的形状复杂,为了查明病原,该试验采集病猪病料,提取病毒DNA和RT-PCR检测,并进行病理变化分析和病理组织学观察。结果表明:实时荧光定量PCR检测显示猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)强阳性,剖检发现脾脏有轻微梗死、淋巴结萎缩,病理组织学观察发现回肠肠粘膜上皮细胞显著增生,由单层变为多层,淋巴结和脾脏的淋巴细胞数量显著减少。试验说明PCV2是引起该猪场育肥猪腹泻的主要病原。

Effects of hepatocyte growth factor on MMP-2 expression in scleral fibroblasts from a guinea pig myopia model

AIMTo investigate the effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on MMP-2 expression in scleral fibroblasts from guinea pig with LIM.

Generation of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene knockout pigs by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting

Unbalanced brain serotonin(5-HT) levels have implications in various behavioral abnormalities and neuropsychiatric disorders. The biosynthesis of neuronal 5-HT is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase-2(TPH2). In the present study, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas) system was used to target the Tph2 gene in Bama mini pig fetal fibroblasts. It was found that CRISPR/Cas9 targeting efficiency could be as high as 61.5%, and the biallelic mutation efficiency reached at38.5%. The biallelic modified colonies were used as donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) and 10 Tph2 targeted piglets were successfully generated. These Tph2 KO piglets were viable and appeared normal at the birth.However, their central 5-HT levels were dramatically reduced, and their survival and growth rates were impaired before weaning. These Tph2 KO pigs are valuable large-animal models for studies of 5-HT deficiency induced behavior abnomality.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone regulates the redox status in vitro and in vivo of weaned pigs via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

Background:Oxidative stress is a main cause of piglet gut damage and diarrhea.Pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ),is a novel redox cofactor with antioxidant properties.However,the effect and mechanism that PQQ supplementation decreases oxidative injury in weaned pigs is not understood.Therefore,the aim of this study is to confirm the effect of PQQ on regulating redox status in weaned pigs and the mechanism for antioxidant function by porcine intestinal epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2)challenged with H_(2)O_(2).Results:Experiment 1,144 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs(weaned at 28 d)were allocated to four groups:received a basal diet(control)and diets supplemented with 0.15%,0.30%and 0.45%PQQ,respectively.On d 28,growth performance,diarrhea incidence and redox factors were measured.Experiment 2,IPEC-J2 were treated with or without PQQ in the presence or absence of H_(2)O_(2)for indicated time points.Experiment 3,IPEC-J2 were transfected with or without Nrf2 siRNA,then treated according to Experiment 2.The cell viability,redox factors,protein of tight junctions and Nrf2 pathway were determined.In vivo,PQQ supplementation demonstrated dose-related improvements in average daily gain,and gain to feed ratio(Linear P<0.05).During d 0–28,compared to controls,0.45%PQQ supplementation for pigs decreased diarrhea incidence and MDA content in liver and jejunum,and increased concentration of SOD in liver;0.3%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal and liver MDA concentration;and 0.15%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal MDA concentration(P<0.05).In vitro,compared to cells cultured with H_(2)O_(2),pre-treatment with PQQ increased cell viability,tight junction proteins expression including ZO-1,ZO-2,Occludin and Claudin-1;and decreased ROS concentration and level of Caspase-3(P<0.05);as well as upregulated the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and protein expression of nuclear Nrf2,HO-1.Notably,Nrf2 knockdown by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA largely abrogated the positive effects of PQQ pretreatment on H_(2)O_(2)-induced intracellular changes.Conclusions:PQQ administration attenuated oxidative stress in weaned pigs which is associated with activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Antigenicity of tissues and organs from GGTA1/CMAH/β4GalNT2 triple gene knockout pigs

Clinical xenotransplantations have been hampered by human preformed antibody-mediated damage of the xenografts.To overcome biological incompatibility between pigs and humans,one strategy is to remove the major antigens[Gal,Neu5 Gc,and Sd(a)]present on pig cells and tissues.Triple gene(GGTAI,CMAH,and β4 GalNT2)knockout(TKO)pigs were produced in our laboratory by CRISPR-Cas9 targeting.To investigate the antigenicity reduction in the TKO pigs,the expression levels of these three xenoantigens in the cornea,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,and pancreas tissues were examined.The level of human IgG/IgM binding to those tissues was also investigated,with wildtype pig tissues as control.The results showed that aGal,Neu5 Gc,and Sd(a)were markedly positive in all the examined tissues in wildtype pigs but barely detected in TKO pigs.Compared to wildtype pigs,the liver,spleen,and pancreas of TKO pigs showed comparable levels of human IgG and IgM binding,whereas corneas,heart,lung,and kidney of TKO pigs exhibited significantly reduced human IgG and IgM binding.These results indicate that the antigenicity of TKO pig is significantly reduced and the remaining xenoantigens on porcine tissues can be eliminated via a gene targeting approach.

Sequence Analysis on Interleukin-2 Gene and Interleukin-6 Gene in a Hybrid Pig

[ Objective] To understand the functions of interteukin-2 （IL-2） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in immune response. [ Method] Peripheral lymphocytas were isolated from a hybrid pig （ Duroc x Landrace x Shandong local pig） and stimulated with canavalin A in vitro. With total RNA as templates, the IL-2 and IL-6 cDNA were amplified by the RT-PCR and sequenced, respectively. [Result] The sequence of IL-2 gene had 100.0% nucleotide homology to the published IL-2 sequences. The sequence of IL-6 gene had 99.8% -100.0% nucleotide homology to the published IL-6 sequences, and the amino acid homology was 99.1% -100.0%. [ Conclusion] NO great variation of the IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene is observed in the hybdd pig, and these results provide a basis for research about functions of IL-2 and IL-6 protein.

SFRP2 affects prenatal muscle development and is regulated by micro RNA-1/206 in pigs

Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 （SFRP2）, a member of the SFRPs family, is associated with cell growth and differentiation in myogenesis. Our previous study suggested that SFRP2 was a potential target of microRNA （miRNA）-I/206, which was considered as myomiRs. To further explore the biological function and regulation mechanisms of the SFRP2 gene in porcine skeletal muscle development, we first analyzed the sequence structure of the porcine SFRP2 gene. Subsequently, we detected its tissue distribution in adult Tongcheng pigs （a Chinese indigenous breed） and investigated its dynamic expression in developmental skeletal muscle （13 prenatal and 7 postnatal time points）in Tongcheng pigs. An interaction analysis between SFRP2 and myomiRs was also performed. The results showed that the expression pattern of the SFRP2 varied greatly across diverse tissues. It exhibited abundant expression in prenatal skeletal muscle and peaked at 55 days post coitus （E55）, and had a lower expression in postnatal skeletal muscle, indicating that the SFRP2 gene might affect porcine embryonic skeletal muscle development. Co-expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of SFRP2 correlated negatively with miRNA-1 （t=-0.570, P-value=0.009） and miRNA-206 （r=-0.546, P-value=0.013）, but positively with SFRP1 （r=0.613, P-value=0.004）. The bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assay verified that the SFRP2 was a putative target of miRNA-1/206 in pigs. Therefore, this study is helpful for understanding the biological function and mo- lecular regulation of the SFRP2 gene during porcine skeletal muscle development.

2021年新疆部分地区猪圆环病毒2型抗体检测及分析

为了了解2021年新疆部分地区猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的抗体水平,以期为该病的科学防控提供参考。本试验采用间接ELISA (酶联免疫吸附试验)对来自3个地区7个猪场的201份血清样品进行PCV2抗体检测。结果显示,PCV2抗体平均阳性率为87.06%(175/201),高于国家规定标准(70%),抗体的平均离散度为0.77;在调查的7个规模化猪场中,所有猪场的PCV2抗体阳性率均达到国家规定标准,表明新疆地区猪PCV2的免疫效果较好,但一些猪场的PCV2抗体的S/P值变异系数偏大,免疫抗体S/P值参差不齐,需要对现有免疫程序进行调整和完善。本试验为新疆地区猪PCV2的防控工作提供一定的参考。

Correlation between the Polymorphism of PPARγ-2 gene and the Susceptibility of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Guangxi Bama Mini-pigs

[ Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between the polymorphism of PPARy.2 gene and the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in Guangxi Bama mini-pigs. [ Method] 24 Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were fed with high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and partial sequences of exon 2 of PPARy-2 gene were amplified by using PCR method. In addition, the contents of fasting blood glucose and insulin （INS） in Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were determined, and the glucose tolerance test （GTT） was also carried out. [ Result] There was one SNP site （19813A/G） Jn partial sequence of exon 2 of the cloned PPAFly-2 gene, and AA （7 pigs） and AG （17 pigs） genotype were detected. The contents of fasting insulin and 60-min blood glucose in GTT in AG-genotype Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were significantly higher than those of AA genotype （ P 〈0.05）, while the incidence of T2DM in AG-genotype Guangxi Bama mini-pigs （71.4%） was obviously higher than that of AA gen- otype （5.9%）. [ Conclusion] The polymorphism of 19813A/G in exon 2 of PPARy-2 gene was related with the susceptibility of T2DM in Guangxi Bama mini-pigs.

Pig Liver Esterase-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Three Diesters of meso-Bicyclic Dicarboxylic Acid and Three Tetraesters of Tetrahydrofuran -2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic Acid

Three diesters of exo- syn-meso-oxabicyclo (2, 2, 1 ) -hept- 5- ene- 2, 3- dicarboxylic acid and three tetraesters of tetrahydrofuran-2, 3, 4, 5-tetracarboxylic acid were synthesized and tested with enantioselective hydrolysis catalyzed by pig liver esterase(PLE). The results of the PLEcatalyzed hydrolysis were discussed.