Analysis of Genetic Differences between Luffa acutangula(L.) Roxb. and Luffa cylindrica(L.)Roem. by ISSR Markers

The genetic differences among Luffa acutangula （L.） Roxb., Luffa cylindnca （L.） Roem. and their F1 hybrid and F2 population were analyzed by ISSR technolo- gy. The results showed that the genomic DNA of test materials showed a high diversity; the genetic similarity coefficient between both parents was only 0.395; the bands of F1 hybrid mainly consisted of both parents＇; neither FI nor F2 was inherit- ed singly from male or female parent; there was greater genetic variation among F2 population.

基于Luffa杂凑函数的旋转攻击

针对Luffa杂凑函数抗旋转攻击的能力进行了研究,通过分析Luffa置换的特点,定义了针对Luffa置换的旋转对,给出了基本字变换对旋转关系的影响,证明了"与"和"或"运算对旋转关系影响的等效性,提出了缩减轮Luffa置换与随机置换的区分算法。理论分析和实验结果均表明,3轮Luffa置换难以抵抗旋转攻击,攻击的计算复杂度仅为216。

A Higher Plant Myosin in Luffa cylindrica: Electron Microscopic Visualization

The molecular structure of a higher plant myosin with two 174 kD heavy chains purified from the tendrils of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. was viewed by electron microscopy. The myosin exhibited actin_activated MgATPase activity and could be recognized immunologically by a monoclonal antibody against the skeletal muscle myosin. Electron micrographs of rotary shadowed images of this protein revealed that it had two heads with size and shape similar to those of the skeletal muscle myosin and a relatively short tail in comparison with the conventional myosin. Luffa tendril actin filaments were also visualized and occasionally other Luffa myosin_like proteins with globular structure at the tail ends were also observed. The structural similarity and immunological cross reactivity with antibodies against muscle myosin demonstrate that the 174 kD Luffa tendril myosin is a double_headed myosin. The possible involvement of myosin_actin interactions in Luffa tendril contact coiling will be the subject of further research.

Crystallization and Preliminary Crystallographic Studies of Luffaculin 1,a Ribosome-inactivating Protein from the Seeds of Luffa Acutangula

Luffaculin 1 purified from the seeds of Luffa acutangula belongs to the type I ribosome-inactivating proteins （RIPs）. It has been crystallized by the vapor-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The crystal is of space group P1 with a = 39.135, b = 46.813, c = 83.571 A, α = 891068,β = 80.009 and y = 72.143°, and has two molecules per asymmetric unit. X-ray data have been collected to be 1.4 A using a synchrotron source.

Lucyoside Q,a Triterpenoid Saponin from Leaves of Luffa cylindrica(L.)M.Roem.

A new pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, named lucyoside Q, was isolated from the leaves of Luffa cylindrica. Its structure was established as 21 β hydroxyloleanolic acid 28 O β D glucopyranoside by means of the spectral evidence and chemical methods.

应用丝瓜(Luffa Cylindrica Roem)伤流液提高水稻花药培养效果

用15—20%(V/V)丝瓜伤流液加入培养基可以显著提高水稻花药培养力和花粉植株自然加倍的频率。诱导培养基中附加15—20%(V/V)丝瓜伤流液,形成愈伤组织百分率显著高于对照;粳稻的愈伤组织分化率高达95%,籼稻愈伤组织分化率可达70%,比对照提高1倍左右。花粉植株自然加倍的频率显著(p>0.01)高于对照。附加10%、15%、20%、25%(V/V)丝瓜伤流液诱导成的愈伤组织经继代培养后的重量除了25%(V/V)浓度外,其余都比对照增重5.7—18.09毫克/10块。绿苗的鲜重和干重分别增重20—89.0毫克/10株,13.0—30.0毫克/10株,在10—20(V/V)浓度的丝瓜伤流液范围内,对植物细胞分裂和生长有促进作用。其中以15—20%(V/V)浓度的丝瓜伤流液效果最好,经紫外光谱初步测定表明,丝瓜伤流液含有类似细胞激动素以及培养基中有机生长物质。

Genetic Investigation of Contribution of Embryo Genes to Seedling Traits of Dicotyledon Luffa cylindrica under Different Environmental Conditions

[Objective] The research aimed to understand the genetic control of seed germination characters in dicotyledon plant using a suitable genetic model. [Method] An investigation of three seedling traits of seven parents and their F1s was undertaken in a diallel cross of sponge gourd （Luffa cylindrical Roem.） by germinating the seeds in two environments. A genetic model is developed to analyze the embryo effects as well as genotype × environment （GE） interaction effects of germination characters. [Result] Variations of the root length, shoot length and shoot dry weight were affected by genetic effects and environmental interaction effects. The three seedling traits were mainly controlled by genetic effect. Embryo dominance effects were the main genetic effect for root length and shoot length. Among the GE interaction effects, there only existed embryo dominance interaction effects for the three seedling traits. General narrow-sense heritabilities of shoot length and shoot dry weight were 7.0% and 27.3%, respectively. [Conclusion] The present modified genetic model could be used for investigating the genetic control of seed germination characters and seedling traits in dicotyledon plant.

Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Luffa Germplasm Resources in Zhejiang Province

In this study, 32 Luffa germplasm resources were collected from various regions in Zhejiang Province as experimental materials, to investigate 22 agronomic traits including fruit bearing habit, leaf margin, fruit ribbing and percentage of nodes with female flowers to total node. Based on the obtained experimental data, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out using DPS software. The results showed that 22 agronomic traits could be integrated into 5 principal components, with the cumulative contributive percentage of 81. 308%. According to the correlations between the first five principal components and traits, 14 traits with great influences were screened. On the basis of principal component analysis, cluster analysis of 32 Luffa germplasm resources was conducted, which divided Luffa cylindrica and Luffa acutangula into two categories and six subcategories by Euclidean genetic distances. This study provided scientific basis for the collection, preservation, identification, creation and utilization of Luffa germplasm and parent selection in cross breeding of Luffa.

Enzymatic Characterisation of Lignin Peroxidase from Luffa aegyptiaca Fruit Juice

Luffa aegyptiaca fruit has been assayed for the presence of lignin peroxidase activity using veratryl alcohol as the substrate. The fruit juice contained activity of 3.14 U/ml which was much higher than 0.075 U/ml reported in the culture filtrate of Phanarochaete chrysosporium ATCC-24725. The Km value of the lignin peroxidase using veratryl alcohol as the variable substrate in 50mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 at 25°C was found to be 50 μM respectively. The pH and temperature optima of the lignin peroxidase were 2.4 and 22°C, respectively. The present article reports viable method to explore rich sources of lignin peroxidase from plants which can be used as a mediator in oxidative organic transformations within green chemistry domain ensuring ecofriendly synthesis of bioorganic molecules of pharmaceutical value.

Research on Index System for Luffa(Luffa acutangula Roxb.) Fertilization in Foshan

On basis of “3414” experiment, regression analysis was conducted on rel- ative yield and fertilizer quant;.ty, and a regression equation was established, as fol- lows： Y=I 699,09 ＋52.89N -3i82P ＋59.27K-1.17N2 -0.11 p2 ＋0.06K2 ＋2.02NP-2.16NK- 1.97PK （FF=0,98）. The results of regression analysis showed F〉F0.05, indicating that fertilizer quantity is of significant regression relationship with yield. It was analyzed that yield-increasing range of N fertilizer was directly proportional to fertilizer quanti- ty, and negative yield even occurs if excessive P fertilizer is applied. In general, fertilizer effects from high to low were N fertilizer〉K ferUlizer〉P fertilizer. Besides, on equation aralysls, it was proposed the optimal fertilizer quantities included N fertilizer （N） of 270 kg, P fertilizer （PUs） of 165 kg and K fertilizer （K20） of 225 kg for achieving ideal yield of 2 500 kg/hm2 of luffa in Foshan. Key words Foshan; Luffa; Index system of fertilization; Efficiency analysis

Effects of Fiber Weight Ratio, Structure and Fiber Modification onto Flexural Properties of Luffa-Polyester Composites

The effect of chemical modification, reinforcement structure and fiber weight ratio on the flexural proprieties of Luffa-polyester composites was studied. A unsaturated polyester matrix reinforced with a mat of Luffa external wall fibers (ComLEMat), a short Luffa external wall fibers(ComLEBC) and a short Luffa core fi-bers (ComLCBC) was fabricated under various conditions of fibers treatments (combined process, acetylat-ing and cyanoethylating) and fiber weight ratio. It resorts that acetylating and cyanoethylating enhance the flexural strength and the flexural modulus. The fiber weight ratio influenced the flexural properties of com-posites. Indeed, a maximum value of strength and strain is observed over a 10% fiber weight ratio. The uses of various reinforcement structures were investigated. The enhancement of elongation at break and the strain values of the composite reinforced by natural mat was proved.

Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded Poly(lactic) Acid—<i>Luffa</i>Fiber Composites

The influence of cellulose nano fibers extracted from the fruit of luffa cylindrica (LC) on the tensile, flexural and impact properties of composite materials using poly lactic acid (PLA) processed by micro compounding and injection molding was studied. Preliminary results suggested promising mechanical properties. The impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites increased with incorporation of very low content of LC fiber up to 2 wt%. But when the wt of LC fiber in the composite increased (5 wt% and 10 wt%), mechanical strength of the composites reduced probably due to agglomeration of cellulose fibers. However, modulus of composites was enhanced with increase in wt of fiber content in the composites. Before reinforcement, the LC fibers were modified with calcium phosphate in order to explore the possibilities of using these composites in biomedical industries. The novelty of this work is that there is no use of compatiblizer and coupling agent during the processing so that the cost of processing is reduced.

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Luffa aegyptiaca Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite

This paper presents the study of moisture content, hardness, bulk density, apparent porosity, tensile and flexural characteristics of composite properties of Luffa aegyptiaca fiber. Luffa aegyptiaca reinforced epoxy composites have been developed by hand lay-up method with Luffa fiber untreated and treated conditions for 12 Hrs and 24 Hrs in different filler loading as in 2:1 ratio (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%). The effects of filler loading on the moisture content, hardness, bulk density, apparent porosity, tensile and flexural properties were studied. In general, the treated Luffa fibre composite for 24 Hrs showed better improvement properties via addition of modified Luffa fibre as reinforcement. However, tensile and flexural properties improved continuously with increasing filler loading up to 20% but decreasing at 25% due to weak interfacial bonding for both untreated and treated composite. The favourable results were obtained at 20% for treated composite at 24 Hrs especially at tensile and flexural characteristics and are suitable for mechanical applications.

An Investigation of Thermomechanical Behavior of Tunisian Luffa Sponges’ Fibers

This work is realized in the context of valorizing natural and local resources, in particular, luffa plant fruit (luffa sponge). The raw fibers of the luffa sponge have a short lifetime. Hence, when they are chemically treated, it constitutes a solution is prepared to limit their degradation in the long term and to improve their mechanical characteristics. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of the chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of the luffa sponge’s fibers (fibers of luffa Sponge). The chemical process consists of dipping a brunch of luffa in various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different time intervals and at different temperature conditions. The luffa sponge’s fibers were mechanical. Characterized before and after the treatment, mechanically (micro traction test). It has been shown that an optimum of 61% increase in mechanical properties (tensile strength) has been reached in the following conditions: treatment with 1% concentration for 90 min at 50&deg;C.

不同整枝方式对设施丝瓜产量的影响

为探究不同整枝方式对设施栽培丝瓜熟性和产量的影响,以有棱丝瓜和普通丝瓜为材料,进行整枝处理,分析不同整枝方式对丝瓜产量相关主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明,有棱丝瓜秋茬设施栽培提前整枝处理不能使开花提前或单瓜质量提高,但可使第1雌花着生节位显著下降,从而有利于获得较高的早期产量,且6叶1心时摘心留4条一级侧枝获得的产量最高;春季设施栽培于5叶1心时摘心留3条一级侧枝处理有利于有棱丝瓜获得高产。普通丝瓜秋茬设施栽培过早进行摘心留侧蔓整枝处理会推迟第1雌花开放从而影响早期产量;而早春设施栽培通过整枝可使第1雌花节位降低5~7节,但过早或过迟整枝反而延迟了第1雌花开放;5叶1心至7叶1心摘心留蔓可使普通丝瓜的第1雌花开放提早7~10 d,并有利于提高产量。

丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica)EST-SSR分子标记的验证及多态性分析

丝瓜中的特异性分子标记较少,严重阻碍了丝瓜分子标记辅助育种的进程。为解决这一问题,本研究在广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所开发的8523对EST-SSR标记的基础上进一步挑选出406对,在有棱丝瓜自交系S304(Luffa acutangula(Linn.)Roxb.)、普通丝瓜P93075(Luffa cylindrica(Linn.)Roem.)及二者杂交后代F1中进行了验证和多态性分析。结果表明,在406对EST-SSR标记中,352对在S304、P93075及二者杂交后代F1中有扩增产物,占合成标记的86.70%;其中297对标记具有多态性,占可扩增标记的84.38%;在297对具有多态性的标记中,除了二碱基重复序列中重复次数为9及三碱基重复序列中重复次数为7的标记外,标记的多态性随着重复次数的增加而增强,且重复次数到一定值时标记的多态性处于相对稳定状态。本研究发现的关于标记多态性与重复次数之间关系的规律将为EST-SSR标记的高效筛选提供参考价值;筛选并验证的标记丰富了丝瓜EST-SSR标记的数量,为下一步丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性分析、品种鉴定及分子标记辅助育种等相关研究提供数据基础。

丝瓜新品种泰香1号的选育

泰香1号是以海陵香丝瓜为材料,通过系统选育法连续6代选育而成的丝瓜新品种。该品种早熟,果实耐褐变,春季栽培从播种到初收约80 d。植株生长势强、连续坐果能力强。主蔓第1雌花节位5节左右,坐瓜节位6~9节。果实绿色,圆筒状,果皮光滑,口感甜而清香。果实纵径25~30 cm、横径4.0~4.8 cm,单瓜质量270.0~340.0 g,667 m^(2)产量4190 kg左右。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)5.11%,维生素C含量7.40 mg·100 g^(-1)。丰产性和商品性好,耐贮运,田间抗霜霉病。适宜江苏省及生态条件相似地区的大棚早春或夏季露地栽培。2024年通过江苏省非主要农作物品种认定委员会认定。

Neuro-muscular" mechanism in rapid coiling of Luffa tendril

Darwin, in his retiring years, conducted long-term studies at home on various modes of the movement of ordinary plant organs and sensitive floral parts, in climbing and twining plants, and in insectivorous plants. His conclusions derived therefrom laid emphasis on the fundamental similarty in irritability between plant and animal species, thereby, Supporting his theory of the biological evolution. Since then, Darwin’s

Electrochemical wave transmission and rapid coiling movement in tendril of luffa

The tendril of luffa (Luffa officinale),in response to various non-injurious and injuriousstimulations,will first give rise to electrochemical transmission including the action wave,variation wave,andwave complex.It is then followed by rapid coiling movement which appears within 25—30 s after stimulation.The coiling process continues for 10 min or more.When it is over,the tendril begins to uncoil itself.Tendrils pretreated with the narcotic drug,ethyl ether fail to response to stimulation entirely.Specific inhibitorsof microfilament,cytochalasins B and D,and of myosin,N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetic acid,are both able toprevent the coiling of tendril,without any effect on the electrical wave transmission.Colchicine,known toinhibit microtubule action,is ineffective in preventing coiling.Acetylcholine is able to provoke the tendril coilingdirectly.The effects of drug pretreatments support the proposal that the electrochemical wave transmission elicitedby stimulation is the forerunner for arousing the rapid movement of the sensitive tendril that the actin and myosinare taking part in.Turgor changes in tendril cells are intimately connected with the transmitted and the motoraction of the compact tissues lining along the more sensitive ventral side of the tendril.As the ventral cellsundergo the abrupt contraction and slightly shrink,the dorsal cells become expanded in coiling.Eventually,turgotresumes normal on both sides when uncoiling occurs.

基于表型性状的丝瓜初级核心种质库的构建

丝瓜为葫芦科丝瓜属作物,含有丰富的营养物质,深受消费者喜欢,是我国主要的瓜类蔬菜之一。随着丝瓜种质资源的数量和类型不断增加,丝瓜优异材料的筛选、保存难度日益增大。为了构建丝瓜核心种质库,剔除同质化严重的种质材料,提高丝瓜育种效率,本研究以丝瓜极具代表性的18个表型性状为指标,对244份丝瓜种质资源的遗传多样性进行研究,以变异系数变化率、香农指数、表型保留比例等7项参数为评价指标,对比分析8种不同抽样比例(5%~40%)、3种不同取样方法(随机聚类取样、分组聚类取样、优先聚类取样)的丝瓜候选核心种质的代表性。结果发现:丝瓜种质资源的表型遗传变异较为丰富,其中香农指数最大的是叶宽,为3.0,最小的是种瓜长,为1.8。利用7个评价指标综合分析发现最适宜的抽样比例为20%,最适宜的取样方式为分组聚类取样。利用该方法进行核心种质库构建,获得的初级核心种质包含51份丝瓜种质资源,占全部原始种质资源的20.90%,与原始种质对比,18个农艺性状中有13个性状与原种质的极大值、极小值完全一致,大部分性状的特征值与原种质相同或是差异较小,经T检验发现所有表型性状均值与原种质无显著差异,表明采用该方法构建的核心种质库具有较好的代表性,遗传多样性丰富。本研究可为后期丝瓜种质资源的收集、保存和创新利用提供基础支撑,同时也为提高丝瓜品种改良效率奠定基础。