Community Structure Dynamics of the Hermatypic Corals on Luhuitou Fringing Reef,Hainan,China.I.Species Composition and Abundance

The existing hermatypic coral community is composed of localities in different successional ages.Data sets were selected from original sampling data to deduce the trajectory of community structure in this and subsequent papers.Patterns of species composition and abundance distribution during community succession in the scope of different habitats were described in this paper.It is found that the effect of succession on community structure is closely correlated with the environmental conditions.Each coral assemblage in different habitat has its own distinguishing temporal pattern of species composition and abundance distribution.

The Waterlogging Tolerance of Cut Rose by Field Observation and Variety Selection in Sanya

[Objective] The aim was to master waterlogging tolerance of cut rose vari-eties, and provided technical reference for promoting cut rose largely. [Method] Based on natural rainfal information from July to October in Sanya, comprehensive performance of 22 varieties were observed in two consecutive years to analyze wa-terlogging tolerance ability of cut rose at waterlogging disaster. [Result] The mortality rates of Diana, Black Magic, Eric Red and Vendela were over 15%, and Diana ’s was 25.7%. Carola, Rouge Meil and, Perfume white, Lovers ’ Meeting, Choice, Tineke, Vendela, Marina, Samantha, Golden Emblem, Asagumo, Pink Fan and Dou-ble Delight grew better and recovered quickly after the disaster, with waterlogging tolerance. [Conclusion] The waterlogging tolerance of Carola, Rouge Meil and, My Choice, Tineke, Vendela, Marina, Samantha, Golden Emblem, Asagumo, Pink Fan and Double Delight was the best, which is also true for their comprehensive perfor-mances. But the waterlogging tolerance of other major cultivars such as Black Magic, Movie Star, Tineke and Vendela was poorer.

Study on Ecological Footprint of Sightseeing Tourists and Vacation Tourists in Sanya City

Based on the theory of ecological footprint and tourists' consumption structure, the model of tourist ecological footprint was divided into six sub-models including catering, accommodation, shopping, sightseeing, shopping and entertainment, and ecological footprint of sightseeing tourists and vacation tourists in Sanya City was analyzed. The result showed that per capita ecological footprint of vacation tourists was higher than that of sightseeing tourists in Sanya City. The influential factor of the two kinds of tourists was slightly different in their proportion of sightseeing and entertainment factors. In the future, it should advocate sightseeing tourists to rationally make use of ecological resources, vacation tourists to have a healthy and ecological holiday, so as to ensure sustainable development of tourism.

三亚湾海岸地形时空变化与输沙过程研究

海岸侵蚀作为全球性的地质灾害,往往给沿海地区带来巨大经济损失。受人类活动与气候变化的双重影响,近年来海岸侵蚀呈加剧态势;其中,砂质海岸的侵蚀尤为严重。本文通过开展多期海滩剖面地形监测,结合经验正交分解、数值模拟和沿岸输沙计算,摸清了三亚湾海岸地形的时空变化特征。研究结果显示,三亚湾海岸线侵蚀严重,年平均后退距离近2 m。岸线上4个岸段呈现出不同的海滩剖面形态与侵蚀淤积特征。其中,西段海岸由于供砂不足,侵蚀现象长期存在;地形主要受风暴浪控制,随着西岛码头东拦沙堤的建设,西一段由侵蚀转为淤积,西二段接受的沿岸输沙量也随之减少,侵蚀加剧。东部海滩为养护区,其中海月广场以西以侵蚀为主,以东以淤积为主;该段地形受季节性常浪和风暴浪共同作用。三亚湾沿岸输沙量自肖旗港至团结路逐渐降低,净输沙方向为自西向东;中段较长范围的海岸为堆积型海岸,但是其岸线表现为侵蚀后退,这是由于凸堤效应导致西侧沿岸供砂减少,同时该段横向输沙特征为离岸输沙。三亚湾的侵蚀主要发生在破波带内,除岛屿周边外,其他海域基本不冲不淤。该研究结果可为海岸侵蚀防护与治理提供科学依据。

The effects of four transplantation methods on five coral species at the Sanya Bay

Coral transplantation is considered as one of the major tools to increase coral abundance for degraded coral reefs.To investigate the effects of various methods and coral species in transplantation, coral fragments（n=902） of five coral species were transplanted by four methods at Luhuitou, the Sanya Bay, Hainan Province, China, where the reef has been over-exploited and is still threatened by human activities and natural disasters. Ten months after the transplant, the average survivorship of the transplanted corals was 45.5%. Methodologies had different effects on the transplanted corals, but none of them was efficacious for all coral species. Methodology could not change the decreasing trend for Montipora foliosa and Acropora hyacinthus, although it did slow down their decline. All transplants of A. hyacinthus and M. foliosa had high mortalities and significant decrease on survival area, while Porites andrewsi and Galaxea fascicularis had lower mortalities and partial mortalities. Only one method had significant effect on increasing survival area of G. fascicularis, same as P. andrewsi. Out of the five transplanted coral species, Pocillopora damicornis was the only species that had living tissue area increase in all applied methods, while the others had decreased live tissue area in one or more methods. The results of this study suggested that performing coral transplantation in a highly threatened area was not efficient unless the threats were diminished or erased. Moreover, proper species selection for coral transplantation is crucial, especially in a disturbed environment. Methodology, although having limited effects on improving results of coral transplantation, cannot compensate the maladjustment of vulnerable species to the stresses on the Luhuitou Reef. Coral transplantation on Luhuitou Reef should not be performed unless the stresses are under controlled,and corals with good tolerance to the environment should be considered first.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton biomass in Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea

The composition of phytoplankton and the dynamics of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton biomass （PB and BB, respectively） of Sanya Bay, South China Sea, were determined. A total of 168 species （67 genera） phytoplankton were identified, including BaciUariophyta （diatom, 128 species）, Pyrrophyta （35 species）, Cyanophyta （3 species）, and Chrysophyta （2 species）. Annual average zbundance of phytoplankton was 1.2 × 107 cells/m^3, with the highest abundance in autumn, and the lowest in summer. Annual average diversity index （H＇） and evenness （J） values were 3.96 and 0.70, respectively. Average chlorophyll-a was 2.5 mg/m^3, and the average PB was 124 mg C/m^3, with the highest value in autumn. Surface PB was higher than the bottom, except for summer. Annual mean bacterioplankton abundance and BB were 6.9 × 10^1l cells/m^3 and 13.8 mg C/m^3, respectively. The highest BB was found in summer, followed by winter, spring, and autumn. Surface BB was higher than bottom all year round. The spatial distribution patterns of PB and BB were very similar with the highest biomass in the estuary, and decreased seaward, primarily due to the terrestrial input from the Sanya River and influx of oceanic water. The main factor influencing PB and BB was dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）. Other factors such as temperature, which is above 22℃ throughout the year, had a negligible impact. The correlation between BB and PB was significant （P 〈 0.01）. The annual average ratio of BB/PB was 0.12 （0.06-0.15）. Phytoplankton primary production was one of the most important factors in controlling the distribution of bacterioplankton.

Impact of the Sanya new airport artificial islands project on tidal dynamics of the Hongtang Bay

By establishing a 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Hongtang Bay and the validation tests,tidal currents of the area before and after the construction of the Sanya new airport project,which include two artificial islands built respectively to accommodate the airport and its connected technology park,are simulated.The hydrodynamic impacts of the islands on the Hongtang Bay and surrounding waters were analyzed by comparing flow fields and velocities of tidal currents under the two conditions.

Ecological Planning and Design of Urban Green Space System of Sanya City

The construction of International Tourism Island has accelerated the development of Sanya City. The population aggregation and the external extension of urban area have brought a lot of negative effects, such as discontinuities of green space matrix, dysfunction of green wedge permeation, deficiency of eco-corridor, structural imbalance of green space system and so on. The overall layout of Green space system known as "One Belt & Three Bays, One Core & Six Towns, Two Axes & Three Wedges, Two Net Synchronous-construction" strengthens the eco-connection among different groups and green space in central area of the city, and realizes the collaborative construction of both resource corridor and landscape corridor. The eco-layout of green core, green corridor and green patch helps keep the integrity of large vegetation patches, enhances the eco-connection of different types of green space and improves finger-shaped network of urban green space. The most efficient way to promote the circulation of urban ecosystem and the positive development of Sanya City is to plan multilevel and three-dimensional eco-space structure and maximize ecological benefits of green space system.

Decentralization,spatial disequilibrium,and restructuring of coastal tourist destination-Empirical research from Sanya,China

The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment,public goods,and service;a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies.This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring,spatial influences of decentralization on tourism,based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis,then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya,China.In short,the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure,land use,public infrastructure and service facilities,and to community inequality.Interests of government,investors,and community should be comprehensively coordinated in the resort spatial restructuring process from three aspects:restructuring government,optimizing space structure,and tourism industry.Furthermore,we argue that resort restructuring in the context of Sanya requires coordination of various interest groups through four ways:restructure the government power under administrative division adjustment,optimizing spatial structure,expanding industrial space to diversified tourism products,and building resort management services organization.Finally,we discussed some policy requirements for resort sustainable development.

Control Effect of Triptolide on Farmland Rats in Sanya City

[ Objective] The paper was to explore the deratization and anti fertility effect of triptolide on farmland rats in Sanya City. [ Method] Autumn and spring control tests were carried out in Potianyang and Miaolinyang, respectively. [ Result] The rat density in autumn control area decreased from 28.57% （ out break） to 2.86%, 3.81% and 6.80% at 11,41 and 70 d after triptolide treatment, respectively. The rat density in spring control area was lower at 19 and 47 d post treatment, and the correction deratization effect was 99.48% -99.88%. The testicular descent rate and pregnancy rate decreased significantly after treatment of triptolide. [Conclusion] Triptolide was safe in application, and is hence recommended for large scale extension in the farmland in Sanya City.

Dietary separation between co-occurring copepods in a food-limited tropical coral reef of the Sanya Bay

Food differentiation among coexistent species in the field is important strategy for copepods to acquire materials and maintain population stabilization.In situ diet analysis of co-occurring six copepod species in coral waters of the Sanya Bay was conducted using a PCR protocol based on 18 S ribosomal gene.Various prey organisms were uncovered,including dinoflagellate,diatom,green algae and plant,protozoa and metazoan.All these spatially coexisting six species showed different dietary diversity,with the food niche breadth(B)ranging from 1.00(Temora turbinate in morning)to 10.68(Calanopia elliptica in night).While food overlap between all these copepods were low,with the average value of the diet niche overlap index being approximately 0.09.Even temporally co-existing species sampled from the same time point fed on different groups of prey items with the food overlap index of 0.04 to 0.07 in midday and night but 0 in morning.As the most important dominant copepod in the Sanya Bay,Subeucalanus subcrassus seems to be capable to regulate its feeding,by exhibiting a rhythm of herbivorous feeding in midday and carnivorous feeding in morning and night,to better coordinate with other competitors for utilization of food resources.For most copepods,none of the prey items belonged to the dominant phytoplankton in the ambient water,indicating that copepod can better their survival by widening the choice of potential food resources in food limited environment.The dietary separation observed here might be important strategy for copepod to maintain population stabilization and thriving in the Sanya coastal waters.

Cool water brought by upwelling in the Sanya Bay benefits corals in the background of global warming

It has been reported that global warming has negative effects on coral ecosystems in the past 50 years and the effects vary in different ocean environment. In order to make clear the coral reef status in the background of global warming along the south coast of Hainan Island of China, satellite and in situ data are used to retrieve the information of the coral reef status and surrounding environmental factors. The results show that cool water induced by upwelling along the south coast of Hainan Island is found in the area every summer month, especially in the relatively strong El Ni？o years（2002–2003 and 2005）. From the NOAA satellite data, degree heating week（DHW） index does not exceed 3 in Sanya Bay even in the relatively strong El Ni？o years. By comparison of a coral reef growth rate in the Sanya Bay with respect to El Ni？o events from 1957 to 2000, coral＇s growth rate is relatively greater during 1972, 1991–1994 and 1998 El Ni？o event. By analyzing the environmental factors, it is found that the cool water induced by upwelling may be the main reason for protecting corals from global warming effects.

Comparative Test on Adaptability of Different Floribunda Rose Cultivars in Sanya Area

[Objective] This study aimed to screen out floribunda rose cultivars resistant to high temperature in tropical areas. [Method] A total of 8 floribunda rose cul- tivars （Carefree Wonder, Scloss Mannheim, Bright Smile, Goldmarie, Betty Prior, Red Riding Hood Fairy Tale, Golden Scepter and Iceberg） were selected as the research objects, and their growth, adaptability and disease resistance in Sanya area were compared. [Result] Carefree Wonder, Scloss Mannheim, Iceberg and Bright Smile were suitable to be planted in Sanya area. Among them, Carefree Wonder, Scloss Mannheim and Iceberg were characterized with fewer diseases, bright colors, heat resistance and strong stress resistance, and they could be planted as ornamental flowers in Sanya area. [Conclusion] This study will provide a reference for the selection of ornamental flowers in Sanya area.

Sanya-Bangkok Direct Flight

A direct air route launched on February 1 connects Sanya, a resort city at the southern tip of China’s southern Hainan Province, to Bangkok, capital of Thailand.

Characterization of PM2.5 Mass Concentration in the Onshore of Sanya, China

Numbers of real-time data(E-BAM)of PM2.5 were collected in the period from Jan 8th 2012 to Jan 1st 2013 at the laboratory of Tropical Ocean University(Sanya,China).The average mass concentration was 19.7μg/m³.The highest 40.5μg/m³in October compared to the lowest 14.1μg/m³in July.From a seasonal perspective,the average PM2.5 mass concentration in fall and winter are relatively higher than that in both spring and summer.On the basis of satellite map of fire points and backward trajectories of the air masses,we primarily deduced that the PM2.5 in Sanya may be caused by the biomass burning and industrial pollutants from the area of Pearl River Delta of China and the Indo-China peninsula(e.g.Vietnam,Laos).

ICNSC 2008 CALL FOR PAPERS 5th IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control Sanya China April 6-8, 2008

Conference Theme Advanced Technologies for Emergency Planning and ResponseThe 2008 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control will be held in Sanya,China. The main theme of the conference is advanced technologies for emergency planning and re-

Six Thallus Surface Types of Coralline Algae with Descriptions of Two New Records of Amphiroa beauvoisii and Neogoniolithon setchellii in Sanya reef,China

Coralline algae are globally distributed calcifying species and play critical ecological roles to marine ecosystems by contributing significantly to their structural complexity and diversity.Thallus surface types of historical samples in Sanya coral reef reserve were studied based on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)method.Our results show six thallus surface types within the study area:Corallina-type,Jania-type,Leptophytum-type,Phymatolithon-type,Pneophyllum-type,and Spongites-type.The Phymatolithon-type is the dominant surface type in Sanya reefs.Two new record species in the region are described:Amphiroa beauvoisii and Neogoniolithon setchellii.Although thallus surface types provide useful diagnostics characters for distinguishing coralline algae at tribe or subfamily level,species identification needs to refer to the reproductive features.This is the first surface study of coralline algae in the South China Sea.This result provides the baseline data needed for the monitoring and management of reef-building organisms of coral reef in China.

Enchanting Sanya

TIRED of the hustle and bustle of the metropolis, citydwellers share a common dream - to take a well-earned holiday in a peaceful place. Sanya, the onlypalm beach resort city in China, with its blue sky,