Lung recruitment maneuver effects on respiratory mechanics and extravascular lung water index in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND：Animal experiments showed that recruitment maneuver （RM） and protective ventilation strategy of the lung could improve oxygenation and reduce extravascular lung water. This study was to investigate the effects of RM on respiratory mechanics and extravascular lung water index （EVLWI） in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS）. METHODS：Thirty patients with ARDS were randomized into a RM group and a non-RM group. In the RM group, after basic mechanical ventilation stabilized for 30 minutes, RM was performed and repeated once every 12 hours for 3 days. In the non-RM group, lung protective strategy was conducted without RM. Oxygenation index （PaO2/FiO2）, peak inspiratory pressure （PIP）, Plateau pressure （Pplat）, static pulmonary compliance （Cst） and EVLWI of patients before treatment and at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after the treatment were measured and compared between the groups. Hemodynamic changes were observed before and after RM. One-way ANOVA, Student＇s t test and Fisher＇s exact test were used to process the data. RESULTS：The levels of PaO2/FiO2 and Cst increased after treatment in the two groups, but they were higher in the RM group than in the non-RM group （P〈0.05）. The PIP and Pplat decreased after treatment in the two groups, but they were lower in the RM group than in the non-RM group （P〈0.05）. The EVLWI in the two groups showed downward trend after treatment （P〈0.05）, and the differences were signifcant at all time points （P〈0.01）; the EVLWI in the RM group was lower than that in the non-RM group at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Compared with pre-RM, hemodynamics changes during RM were significantly different （P〈0.01）; compared with pre-RM, the changes were not significantly different at 120 seconds after the end of RM （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： RM could reduce EVLWI, increase oxygenation and lung compliance. The effect of RM on hemodynamics was transient.

Spectral CT imaging parameters and Ki-67 labeling index in lung adenocarcinoma

Objective: To explore the correlation between the spectral computed tomography(CT) imaging parameters and the Ki-67 labeling index in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods: Spectral CT imaging parameters [iodine concentrations of lesions(ICLs) in the arterial phase(ICLa)and venous phase(ICLv), normalized IC in the aorta(NICa/NICv), slope of the spectral HU curve(λHUa/λHUv)and monochromatic CT number enhancement on 40 keV and 70 keV images(CT40 keVa/v, CT70keVa/v)] in 34 lung adenocarcinomas were analyzed, and common molecular markers, including the Ki-67 labeling index, were detected with immunohistochemistry. Different Ki-67 labeling indexes were measured and grouped into four grades according to the number of positive-stained cells(grade 0, ≤1%;1%<grade 1≤10%;10%<grade 2≤30%;and grade 3, >30%). One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to compare the four different grades, and the Bonferroni method was used to correct the P value for multiple comparisons. A Spearman correlation analysis was performed to further research a quantitative correlation between the Ki-67 labeling index and spectral CT imaging parameters.Results: CT40keVa, CT40 keVv, CT70keVa and CT70keVv increased as the grade increased, and CT70keVa and CT70keVv were statistically significant(P<0.05). These four parameters and the Ki-67 labeling index showed a moderate positive correlation with lung adenocarcinoma nodules. ICL, NIC and λHU in the arterial and venous phases were not significantly different among the four grades.Conclusions: The spectral CT imaging parameters CT40keVa, CT40keVv, CT70keVa and CT70keVv gradually increased with Ki-67 expression and showed a moderate positive correlation with lung adenocarcinomas.Therefore, spectral CT imaging parameter-enhanced monochromatic CT numbers at 70 keV may indicate the extent of proliferation of lung adenocarcinomas.

Applications of lung clearance index in monitoring children with cystic fibrosis

A sensitive, reproducible and feasible measure of lung function for monitoring the respiratory health is a prerequisite for the optimization of management of the patients with cystic fibrosis(CF). Spirometry has been considered the method of choice, although it is applicable only in children older than 6 years of age, as good cooperation is necessary for its proper performance. However, over the last15 years, scientific interest in gas dilution techniques and particularly in multiple breath wash out(MBW) method has been revived. The most commonly reported index of MBW is lung clearance index(LCI). The aim of this review is to present the most recent developments in the application of LCI as a monitoring index of respiratory status of CF patients. LCI is a sensitive and reproducible marker of ventilation inhomogeneity. It is more sensitive than spirometry and, unlike spirometry; it can be performed across the whole pediatric age range. Since it is dependent on body size, until at least the age of 6 years, the relative and not the absolute changes are more appropriate for providing clinically meaningful conclusion on ventilation inhomogeneity. Until now, MBW has been mainly used as a research tool. Based on the currently available data LCI cannot safely predict high-resolution computed tomography findings in children with CF, especially in infants. It can be used as an end-point measure for the assessment of beneficial effect of interventions. However, its utility as an outcome measure for the efficacy of therapeutic interventions seems to be dependent on the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie each intervention. It seems that more studies,especially longitudinal ones, are required in order to fully clarify the clinical usefulness of LCI, not only in the research setting, but also in every day practice of CF clinic.

Association between the Lung Immune Prognostic Index and mortality in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease

Objective:To explore the association between the Lung Immune Prognostic Index(LIPI)and 1-year all-cause mortality in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy related interstitial lung disease(IIM-ILD).Methods:Patients who were diagnosed with IIM-ILD at West China Hospital,Sichuan University from January 2008 to December 2021 were retrospectively included and categorized into three groups based on LIPI.Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to explore potential association between the LIPI and patients'mortality.Results:A total of 1116 patients were screened,and 830 were included in this study.The multivariable Cox analysis showed that,compared with patients with poor LIPI,the hazard ratio(HR)for all-cause 1-year mortality was 0.22(95%CI 0.05-0.93,P=0.04)for patients in the good LIPI group(LDH<250 IU/L and dNLR<3).After excluding patients lost to follow-up within one year,a similar result was found for LIPI(HR 0.20,95%CI 0.05-0.86;P=0.03).Conclusions:Good LIPI was independently associated with decreased risk of all-cause 1-year mortality in patients with IIM-ILD.This easy-to-obtain index might be served as a potential marker for assessing the prognosis of IIM-ILD.

The Correlation of Lung Function Indexes and Survival Time of Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Background: To those patients with advanced lung cancer, the ultimate objective is to improve the quality of life, and lung function is an important factor affecting quality of life. We detect lung function of patients with lung cancer and study the correlation between lung function and the patients’ survival time, to provide reference for evaluation of disease progression and prognosis. Methods: Lung function was detected on 59 cases of lung cancer and 63 normal controls. The relationship between lung function indexes and survival time was analyzed. Results: There was significant difference in ventilation function and diffusing capacity between lung cancer group and control group. Vital capacity (VC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak expiratory flow% (PEF%), Maximal ventilatory volume (MVV) were positively correlated to survival time in patients with advanced lung cancer (r = 0.28522064, 0.28053851, 0.28289252, 0.26908133, 0.26335034, 0.28409036, P 0.05), residual volume/total lung capacity was negatively correlated to survival time (r = ?0.30760097, P 0.05). Conclusions: The lung function decrease in the patients with lung cancer. Vital capacity (VC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak expiratory flow% (PEF%), Maximal ventilatory volume (MVV), and residual volume/total lung capacity are correlated to survival time in patients with advanced lung cancer. The lung function indexes are important marker of prognosis of patients with lung cancer.

Predictive value of extravascular lung water indexed to predicted body weight

AIM: To investigate extravascular lung water indexed to predicted body weight(EVLWIp) and actual body weight(EVLWIa) on outcome of patients with severe sepsis.METHODS: Transpulmonary thermodilution was prospectively used to measure cardiovascular hemodynamics, EVLWIp and EVLWIa via an arterial catheter placed in each patient within 48 h of meeting the criteria for severe sepsis from a medical intensive care unit(ICU) at a university affiliated hospital. Survival was the single dependent variable. In order to examine and compare the predictive power of EVLWIp, EVLWIa and other clinically significant factors in predicting the inhospital survival status of severe sepsis patients in the medical ICU, a receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve method to analyze the significant variables and the area under the ROC curve(AUC) of the variables, P value and 95%CI were calculated.RESULTS: In total, 33 patients were studied. In the ROC curve method analyses, EVLWIp(the AUC: 0.849; P = 0.001, 95%CI: 0.72-0.98) was as predictive for inhospital survival rate as variables with EVLWIa(AUC, 0.829; P = 0.001, 95%CI: 0.68-0.98). The proportion of patients surviving with a low EVLW(EVLWI < 10 m L/kg) was better than that of patients with a higher EVLW, whether indexed by actual(HR = 0.2; P = 0.0002, 95%CI: 0.06-0.42) or predicted body weight(HR = 0.13; P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 0.05-0.35) during their hospital stay with the Kaplan-Meier method(76% vs 12.5%, respectively).CONCLUSION: This investigation proposed that EVLWIp is as good a predictor as EVLWIa to predict inhospital survival rate among severe sepsis patients in the medical ICU.

Quantitative CT Indexes and CT Visual Score in Interstitial Lung Abnormality as Indicators of Concurrent Lung Cancer

Background: The associations between the severity of interstitial lung disease and the stage and histologic type of concurrent lung cancer remain unknown. Purpose: To evaluate whether the severity of interstitial lung abnormality (ILA), as indicated by quantitative computed tomographic (CT) indexes and CT visual score, was correlated with the stage and histological type of concurrent lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with surgically diagnosed lung cancer and ILA on CT were enrolled in this retrospective study. The subjects were allocated to one of three groups by histological type: adenocarcinoma group (13 subjects);squamous cell carcinoma group (10 subjects);and the other histological diagnosis group (5 subjects). Two independent observers evaluated the CT findings to determine the CT visual score, and the kurtosis and skewness of CT-based density histograms were determined. The relationships between severity of ILA and the pathological stage and histological type of concurrent lung cancer were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in the CT visual scores and quantitative indexes among the three groups. CT visual score was significantly negatively correlated with pathological stage (r = &#8722;0.43, P = 0.025). Conclusion: Patients can have only mild ILA on visual scoring but advanced lung cancer. Therefore, the frequency of follow-up examination should not be based on the severity of ILA on CT.

分阶段肺康复锻炼在成人急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者中的应用效果观察

目的观察分阶段肺康复锻炼在成人急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月至2024年1月郑州大学第二附属医院收治的78例成人ARDS患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(39例)和观察组(39例)。对照组男20例,女19例;年龄26~75(50.59±3.78)岁;病因:急性休克12例,脓毒症7例,创伤9例,脂肪栓塞6例,重症胰腺炎5例;病情严重程度:轻度13例,中度15例,重度11例。观察组男21例,女18例;年龄25~74(50.64±3.82)岁;病因:急性休克13例,脓毒症6例,创伤10例,脂肪栓塞7例,重症胰腺炎3例;病情严重程度:轻度14例,中度16例,重度9例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上采用分阶段肺康复锻炼干预。两组均持续干预至患者出院。比较两组护理满意度[郑州大学第二附属医院自制护理满意度调查表],干预前后血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、]、肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)]、生活质量[健康调查简表(SF-36)],干预期间并发症发生情况(呼吸机相关肺炎、压疮、谵妄及肌肉萎缩等)。采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验和χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果干预后,观察组PaCO_(2)低于对照组[(48.31±2.59)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)比(53.26±2.77)mmHg],PaO_(2)和SaO_(2)均高于对照组[(82.29±4.68)mmHg比(73.37±4.54)mmHg、(94.37±1.15)%比(86.76±4.05)%](均P<0.05);观察组FEV_(1)、FVC、PEF、MVV均高于对照组[(1.99±0.30)L比(1.65±0.28)L、(2.99±0.33)L比(2.68±0.27)L、(6.54±0.76)L/s比(5.37±0.71)L/s、(47.83±5.45)L/min比(44.89±5.31)L/min](均P<0.05);观察组SF-36中的生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能、生命活力、心理健康、躯体功能、社会功能、总体健康评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。干预期间,观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组[5.13%(2/39)比23.08%(9/39)](P<0.05)。观察组护理满意度中的服务及时性、工作能力、服务态度、健康教育指导、护理效果评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论分阶段肺康复锻炼干预可改善成人ARDS患者血气指标、肺功能,减少并发症发生,提高生活质量和护理满意度。

不同淋巴结处理策略对胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术临床效果的影响

目的探讨胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术中不同淋巴结处理策略对临床治疗效果的影响。方法回顾性选取2019年2月至2020年12月在空军军医大学第二附属医院胸腔外科接受胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术治疗的90例食管癌患者,根据淋巴结处理策略的不同分为对照组和观察组,每组45例。对照组术中采用常规喉返神经淋巴结(RLNLN)清扫策略,观察组术中采用镂空法RLNLN清扫策略。比较两组的围手术期指标、淋巴结清扫情况、不同分期RLNLN转移率与效能指数、手术前后肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)、最大通气量(MVV)]、并发症发生情况、复发率及生存率。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、胸腔引流时间、胸腔引流量、经口进食时间、住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组RLNLN清扫数量多于对照组,清扫时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在T1~T3分期的患者中,观察组右侧及左侧的效能指数均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后FVC、FEV1/FVC、MVV均呈先降低后升高趋势(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率(6.7%)低于对照组(22.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访36个月,观察组复发率低于对照组、生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术中采用镂空法RLNLN清扫策略可提高淋巴结清扫效果,改善患者预后,且安全性较高。

Effect of High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation on EVLW and Lung Capillary Permeability of Piglets with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Insults

The effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation（HFOV） at early stage on hemodynamic parameters, extravascular lung water（EVLW）, lung capillary permeability, CC16 and s ICAM-1 in piglets with pulmonary or extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS） was explored. Central vein pressure（CVP） and pulse indicator continuous cardiac output（Pi CCO） were monitored in 12 anesthetized and intubated healthy piglets. Pulmonary ARDS（ARDSp） and extrapulmonary ARDS（ARDSexp） models were respectively established by lung lavage of saline solution and intravenous injection of oleic acid. Then the piglets received HFOV for 4 h. EVLW index（EVLWI）, EVLW/intratroracic blood volume（ITBV） and pulmonary vascular permeability index（PVPI） were measured before and after modeling（T0 and T1）, and T2（1 h）, T3（2 h）, T4（3 h） and T5（4 h） after HFOV. CC16 and s ICAM-1 were also detected at T1 and T5. Results showed at T1, T3, T4 and T5, EVLWI was increased more significantly in ARDSp group than in ARDSexp group（P〈0.05）. The EVLWI in ARDSp group was increased at T1（P=0.008）, and sustained continuously within 2 h（P=0.679, P=0.216）, but decreased at T4（P=0.007） and T5（P=0.037）. The EVLWI in ARDSexp group was also increased at T1（P=0.003）, but significantly decreased at T3（P=0.002） and T4（P=0.019）. PVPI was increased after modeling in both two groups（P=0.004, P=0.012）, but there was no significant change within 4 h（T5） under HFOV in ARDSp group, while PVPI showed the increasing trends at first, then decreased in ARDSexp group after HFOV. The changes of EVLW/ITBV were similar to those of PVPI. No significant differences were found in ΔEVLWI（P=0.13）, ΔPVPI（P=0.28） and ΔEVLW/ITBV between the two groups（P=0.63）. The significant decreases in both CC16 and s ICAM-1 were found in both two groups 4 h after HFOV, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. It was concluded that EVLWI and lung capillary permeability were markedly increased in ARDSp and ARDSexp groups. EVLW could be decreased 4 h after the HFOV treatment. HFOV, EVLW/ITBV and PVPI were increased slightly at first, and then decreased in ARDSexp group, while in ARDSp group no significant difference was found after modeling. No significant differences were found in the decreases in EVLW and lung capillary permeability 4 h after HFOV.

BD-77雾化吸入给药对肺炎支原体感染小鼠的治疗作用

目的评价BD-77雾化吸入给药对肺炎支原体肺炎小鼠模型的治疗作用。方法Balb/c小鼠按照体质量随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阿奇霉素对照组(42 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、BD-77高剂量组(75 mg·mL^(-1),雾化15 min)、BD-77低剂量组(37.5 mg·mL^(-1),雾化15 min)。以肺炎支原体滴鼻感染建立小鼠支原体肺炎模型,雾化给药4 d后,通过小鼠体重及肺重计算肺指数和肺指数抑制率,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肺组织中白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量及血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色评估小鼠肺组织病理学变化,全面评价BD-77对小鼠支原体肺炎的治疗作用。结果BD-772个剂量组雾化吸入给药15 min均可显著降低小鼠肺指数,减轻肺部炎症病变,降低肺组织中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量及血清CRP水平。结论BD-77雾化吸入可治疗支原体感染小鼠肺炎,本研究为BD-77开发作为防治肺炎支原体肺炎的药物提供了实验室数据支持。

基于免疫调节探讨葛根汤颗粒治疗小鼠病毒性肺炎的作用机制

目的研究葛根汤颗粒对甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)致小鼠病毒性肺炎模型的药效评价及免疫调节作用。方法ICR小鼠,13~15 g,分为正常对照组、模型对照组,磷酸奥司他韦阳性药对照组及葛根汤颗粒高、中、低剂量组(6.6、3.3、1.7 g-1·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),每组10只,采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液感染建立小鼠病毒性肺炎模型,同时给予相关药物治疗。观察各组小鼠肺指数及肺指数抑制率,RT-PCR法检测肺组织核酸,ELISA法检测小鼠肺组织因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α;同时采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液滴鼻感染小鼠,造成死亡保护模型,观察小鼠感染后2周内的死亡情况,计算小鼠的死亡率、死亡保护率、平均存活天数和生命延长率。结果葛根汤颗粒中剂量组肺指数及肺组织病毒载量显著降低(P<0.01),肺指数抑制率为50.73%;葛根汤颗粒高、中剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01)、葛根汤颗粒中、低剂量组肺组织炎性因子TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.01);葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-6含量显著降低(P<0.01);模型组小鼠死亡率90%,平均存活天数9.45 d,葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组小鼠死亡率显著降低、平均存活天数显著延长,生命延长率显著提高(P<0.01)。结论葛根汤颗粒可通过调节模型小鼠免疫炎性因子水平达到改善病毒性肺炎小鼠免疫功能的作用,同时可显著降低模型小鼠肺指数和肺组织病毒载量,从而减轻模型小鼠的肺部炎性损伤;对模型小鼠有死亡保护作用。

SII、CRP/Alb及D-二聚体对PD-1抑制剂联合化疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者预后的评估价值

目的探究外周血免疫炎症指数(systemic immune inflammation index,SII)、CRP/Alb及D二聚体(D-Dimer)对接受PD-1抑制剂(PD-1 inhibitors)联合化疗治疗的Ⅲ期~Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的预后评估价值。方法收集安徽医科大学附属安庆第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科2021年1月1日至2023年10月20日接受两个及以上周期PD-1抑制剂联合化疗Ⅲ期~Ⅳ期的88例NSCLC患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,使用ROC曲线确定SII、CRP/Alb及D-二聚体的最佳截断值,Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,比较不同SII、CRP/Alb及D-二聚体水平对客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)、疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)及中位无进展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)的影响,并分析mPFS的影响因素。结果入组的Ⅲ期~Ⅳ期NSCLC患者,SII最佳截断值为484.78,高、低SII组患者的肿瘤分期、ECOG-PS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);CRP/Alb最佳截断值为0.08,高、低CRP/Alb组患者的ECOG-PS评分、疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);D-二聚体最佳截断值为1.71mg/L,高、低D-二聚体组患者的ECOG-PS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。高CRP/Alb组患者的ORR和DCR均低于低CRP/Alb组患者,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),高SII组、高CRP/Alb组和高D-二聚体组患者的mPFS均低于低SII组、低CRP/Alb组和低D-二聚体组患者,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高SII、高CRP/Alb和高D-二聚体是接受PD-1抑制剂联合化疗的Ⅲ期~Ⅳ期NSCLC患者预后不良的预测因素。结论高SII、高CRP/Alb和高D-二聚体与晚期NSCLC患者缩短的mPFS相关,其可能是晚期NSCLC患者接受PD-1抑制剂联合化疗潜在有价值的预后危险因素;而高CRP/Alb与近期疗效较差独立相关,可作为判断晚期NSCLC患者接受PD-1抑制剂联合化疗治疗近期疗效的炎性指标。

The prognostic significance of ALI,PLR,and Ki-67 expression in stageⅢ–Ⅳinoperable non-small cell lung cancer

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the prognostic value of advanced inflammatory index,platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and Ki-67 expression in stageⅢ–Ⅳinoperable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)before treatment.Methods The clinical data of 98 inoperable patients with stageⅢ–ⅣNSCLC in our hospital(Fifth Department of Oncology,Hebei General Hospital,Shijiazhuang,China)before treatment were retrospectively analyzed,and advanced lung cancer inflammation index(ALI)was calculated using body mass index(BMI)×serum albumin(ALB)÷neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR).he optimal cutoff values of ALI and PLR for predicting prognosis is determined.Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between patients and clinical characteristics.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the total survival of patients,and log-rank test was used for comparison.Independent prognostic factors were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship among ALI,PLR,and Ki-67.Results In our study of the 98 cases,the survival time of the patients with ALI<18 was significantly lower than that of patients with ALI>18(P<0.001),with a median survival time of 10 months and 25 months,respectively.The survival time of patients with a PLR<185 was significantly higher than that of patients with a PLR>185(median survival time was 27 months vs.10 months,P<0.001).The higher the Ki-67 expression,the shorter the survival time(P<0.005).The combined ALI and PLR detection results indicated that the survival time of patients with high ALI and low PLR was significantly longer than that of patients with low ALI and high PLR(P<0.001).Univariate analysis showed that smoking history,degree of differentiation,KPS score,Ki-67 expression,ALI value,and PLR affected the prognosis of patients.Multivariate analysis showed that KPS score,ALI value,and Ki-67 expression were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion ALI,PLR,and Ki-67 expression are important predictors of stage III-IV inoperable NSCLC.In terms of the prognostic value,ALI seems to have the best ability to predict patient survival.In addition,the combined detection of ALI and PLR levels before treatment seems to be more helpful in improving our prediction of patient prognosis.Moreover,it is expected to play a role in future clinical applications.

Gender Does Not Have a Potential Predictive Value for the Presence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background: Previous studies reported that non-small cell carcinoma patients characterized by female gender, never-smoking status and adenocarcinoma histology were more likely to harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, some studies failed to find the relationship between EGFR mutation and gender. Methods: One hundred and eighty-four consecutive patients (90 men and 94 women) of resected lung adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively. Since the smoking rate is significantly higher in men, we assumed that gender difference might be a seeming factor affected by smoking. Therefore we subdivided the patients into 2 groups: never- and ever-smokers. Results: The number of ever-smokers was 94.44% in men, whereas 8.51% in women. EGFR mutation was positive in 48.9%. For overall patients, EGFR mutation status was associated with gender, pStage, pT status, lepidic dominant histologic subtype, pure/mixed groundglass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography (CT) and smoking status. However, in ever-smokers, EGFR mutation status was associated with lepidic histologic subtype and GGO on CT, but not others including gender. Similar results were also found in never-smokers, and gender was not also related to EGFR mutation in never smokers. Conclusion: The EGFR mutational frequency among men and women was not significantly different when lung adenocarcinoma patients were stratified into never- and ever-smokers.

Ulinastatin for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ulinastatin for patients with acute lung injury(ALI) and those with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of ulinastatin for ALI/ARDS was conducted. Oxygenation index, mortality rate [intensive care unit(ICU) mortality rate, 28-d mortality rate] and length of ICU stay were compared between ulinastatin group and conventional therapy group. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.1.RESULTS: Twenty-nine RCTs with 1726 participants were totally included, the basic conditions of which were similar. No studies discussed adverse effect. Oxygenation index was reported in twenty-six studies(1552 patients). Ulinastatin had a significant effect in improving oxygenation [standard mean difference(SMD) = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.42-2.29, P < 0.00001, I2 = 92%]. ICUmortality and 28-d mortality were respectively reported in eighteen studies(987 patients) and three studies(196 patients). We found that ulinastatin significantly decreased the ICU mortality [I2 = 0%, RR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.38-0.59, number needed to treat(NNT) = 5.06, P < 0.00001], while the 28-d mortality was not significantly affected(I2 = 0%, RR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.51-1.19, NNT = 12.66, P = 0.24). The length of ICU stay(six studies, 364 patients) in the ulinastatin group was significantly lower than that in the control group(SMD =-0.97, 95%CI:-1.20--0.75, P < 0.00001, I2 = 86%). CONCLUSION: Ulinastatin seems to be effective for ALI and ARDS though most trials included were of poor quality and no information on safety was provided.

A Comparison between Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy, and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy Techniques for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Lung Tumors

Introduction: The aim of this study is to dosimetrically compare 3D CRT, IMRT, and VMAT techniques that employ coplanar and non-coplanar beams for the SBRT of lung tumors. Methods and Materials: Nine (n = 9) consecutive SBRT lung patients with ten tumor sites who were previously treated at our institution were selected for this study. Six (n = 6) treatment plans were created for each PTV: 1 coplanar and 1 non-coplanar 3D CRT, IMRT, and VMAT such that 98% of PTV received 100% of prescription dose, Rx of 50 Gy in 5 fractions. The data collected from each plan included the conformity index, R50%, and homogeneity index of the target as well as the volume of normal tissue irradiated by 5 Gy, 25 Gy isodose lines, V5 and V20 of total lung, and maximum dose to organs at risk. Beam angles and arc lengths were chosen in order to achieve the lowest total lung V5, V20 and R50% values. Results: According to the observed data, the mean total lung V5 and V20 values were lowest for the non-coplanar VMAT plans, but were not statistically different from the other planning techniques. Conformity values were similar for the IMRT and VMAT plans, and significantly lower than the 3D CRT plans. R50% values were lowest for the VMAT plans and significantly lower than both IMRT and 3D CRT plans in both coplanar and non-coplanar beam arrangements. However, dose homogeneity in the PTV is significantly higher in the IMRT coplanar plans than the corresponding 3D CRT and SmartArc (SA) coplanar plans. Coplanar VMAT plans were able to produce a significant 35.5% reduction in the maximum cord dose than coplanar 3D CRT plans

呼吸衰竭新生儿应用呼吸支持治疗的效果

目的 探讨呼吸衰竭新生儿呼吸支持治疗的应用效果。方法 纳入2022年1月至2023年7月于寿光市人民医院住治疗的呼吸衰竭新生儿40例。用简单随机化分组,试验组和对照组各20例。对照组使头罩吸氧进行治疗,试验组使鼻塞持续呼吸道正压呼吸支持进行治疗。对两组患儿的治疗相关指标、血气分析指标及不良反应进行对比。结果 相比较对照组,试验组患儿各项治疗相关指标比较短,动脉氧分压和动脉血氧饱和指标较高,动脉二氧化碳分压较低,不良反应发生率较低(均P <0.05)。结论 采用鼻塞持续呼吸道正压呼吸支持治疗呼吸衰竭新生儿的效果较明显,患儿的血气分析水平得倒改善,同时还可以提升患儿肺功能,提高患儿的治愈率,降低患儿死亡率。

血清水通道蛋白1水平联合血管外肺水指数对脓毒症致急性呼吸窘迫综合征的价值

目的 探讨血清水通道蛋白1(AQP1)水平联合血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)对脓毒症致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的病情程度及预后的评估价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2023年12月收治的脓毒症致ARDS患者268例(ARDS组)和单纯脓毒症患者55例(单纯脓毒症组),脓毒症致ARDS患者根据氧合指数(OI)分为轻度组89例、中度组109例、重度组70例,根据28 d预后分为死亡组104例和存活组164例。检测血清AQP1水平和计算EVLWI。利用Spearman法,脓毒症致ARDS患者血清AQP1水平、EVLWI与OI的相关性;建立logistic回归模型,确定脓毒症致ARDS患者死亡的因素;并绘制ROC曲线,评价血清AQP1水平联合EVLWI对其的评估价值。结果 与单纯脓毒症组比较,ARDS组血清AQP1水平降低,EVLWI升高(P <0.05)。AQP1水平在轻度、中度、重度组中依次降低,EVLWI依次升高(P <0.05)。血清AQP1水平与脓毒症致ARDS患者OI呈正相关,EVLWI与脓毒症致ARDS患者OI呈负相关(P <0.05)。268例脓毒症致ARDS患者28 d死亡率38.81%(104/268)。脓毒症致ARDS患者死亡的独立保护因素为OI升高(OR=0.984,95%CI:0.976~0.992)和AQP1升高(OR=0.761,95%CI:0.677~0.854),独立危险因素为SOFA评分增加(OR=1.367,95%CI:1.142~1.636)和血乳酸升高(OR=2.515,95%CI:1.689~3.745)、EVLWI升高(OR=1.559,95%CI:1.290~1.885),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。血清AQP1水平联合EVLWI预测的AUC为0.887(95%CI:0.843~0.923),比血清AQP1水平、EVLWI单独预测的0.792(95%CI:0.738~0.839)、0.807(95%CI:0.754~0.852)大(P <0.05)。结论 血清AQP1水平降低和EVLWI升高与脓毒症致ARDS患者病情程度加重、预后不良有关,血清AQP1水平联合EVLWI对脓毒症致ARDS患者预后的评估价值较高。

Effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on Pulmonary Function, Blood Gas Analysis Index, Serum PCT and CRP Expression in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis index, serum PCT and CRP expression in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 88 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital of Anhui Province from December 2014 to December 2016 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 44 cases in each group. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was given Suhuang Zhike Capsule on the basis of the treatment method of the control group. After 7 days' treatment, the improvement of lung function indexes were observed and evaluated before and after treatment(forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1), forced expiratory volume occupancy in the 1^(st) second percentage of vital capacity(FEVl/FVC), peak expiatory flow(PEF)), blood gas analysis index(Arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_2) and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO_2), oxygenation index(OI)) and serum cytokine levels(procalcitonin(PCT) and C reactive protein(CRP). RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The FEV_1, FEV_1/FVC and PEF in 2 groups were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the above lung function indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group(P < 0.05). PaO_2 and OI were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), PaCO_2 was significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement of above blood gas analysis indexes were significantly superior of the observation group than the control group(P < 0.05). The serum PCT and CRP levels in 2 groups were significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement in the observation group were more significant than that in the control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Suhuang Zhike Capsule can inhibit serum inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, improve blood gas analysis indicators, and improve lung functions.