Sarin Induced Lung Pathology and Protection by Standard Therapy Regime

The effects of atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime were studied for their ability to block the pathological lesions induced by sarin. Rats were exposed to an aerosol of sarin at a concentration of 51.2mg-m for 15 min following the pretreatment with one of the following combinations: atropine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.m.); atropine and pralidoxime (25 mg/kg, i.m.); diazepam and pralidoxime; atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime. Lung exposed to sarin aerosols revealed an increased cellular proliferation with progressive diffused interstitial thickening on the 4th day following exposure. On the 16th day, loss of alveolar space and consolidation of large areas of all lobes were observed. Sarin also caused damage to the respiratory bronchioles. All the therapy regime blocked the development of lung lesions in the descending orders: atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime, atropine and diazepam > diazepam and pralidoxime > atropine and pralidoxime. The result suggests that diazepam in combination with atropine and pralidoxime could be an effective drug combination regime for the lung lesions.

PRIMARY CHONDROSARCOMA OF THE LUNG

Five cues of primary chondrosarcoma, a rare tumor of the lung, are reported. The diagnosis should be made by pathology. The diagnosis can not be made in some conditions including: (1) tumor from the chest wall; (2) chondroaarcoma of bone discovered after operation; (3) ovarian teratoma found prior to operation; (4) patient with history of hamartoma of the lung; and (5) atypical pathology. It has no close relation tetween pathologic subtyping and prognosis of the disease. The main cause of death was intralobar spread of the lung. Extrathoracic metastasis was no observed and surgical resection is the primary option of therapeutic management for this tumor.

Infection,pathology and interferon treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant in juvenile,adult and aged Syrian hamsters

The new predominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant,Omicron,can robustly escape current vaccines and neutralizing antibodies.Although Omicron has been reported to have milder replication and disease manifestations than some earlier variants,its pathogenicity in different age groups has not been well elucidated.Here,we report that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 sublineage causes elevated infection and lung pathogenesis in juvenile and aged hamsters,with more body weight loss,respiratory tract viral burden,and lung injury in these hamsters than in adult hamsters.Juvenile hamsters show a reduced interferon response against Omicron BA.1 infection,whereas aged hamsters show excessive proinflammatory cytokine expression,delayed viral clearance,and aggravated lung injury.Early inhaled IFN-α2b treatment suppresses Omicron BA.1 infection and lung pathogenesis in juvenile and adult hamsters.Overall,the data suggest that the diverse patterns of the innate immune response affect the disease outcomes of Omicron BA.1 infection in different age groups.