Influence of leptin on luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone secreted from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells

BACKGROUND： Leptin may regulate reproductive function via release of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y. However, it is unknown whether this regulatory effect is limited to the hypothalamus. OBJECTIVE： To detect the effect of different dosages of leptin on luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） secretion from in vitro cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. DESIGN： Contrast study based on cells. SETTING： This study was performed in the Basic Institute of Chengde Medical College, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China from March to June 2007. MATERIALS： Eighteen female Wistar rats of three months of age, weighing 200-220 g, and of clean grade were used. Leptin was provided by Peprotech Company, DMEM culture medium by Invitrogen Company, and the radioimmunological kit by Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. METHODS： Three glandular organs were regarded as one group for culture of anterior pituitary cells. In the control group, saline was added to the culture medium instead of leptin. In the leptin group, leptin was prepared into different concentrations of 1×10^-12, 1×10^-11, 1×10^-9, 1×10^-7, and 1×10^-6 mol/L for stimulation of cultured cells. The culture supernatant was obtained at three hours after additional of saline/leptin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Contents of LH and FSH were detected by radioimmunology. RESULTS： Following leptin stimulation, LH release increased with increasing concentrations of leptin up to 1×10^-9 mol/L, where LH release peaked. LH release then progressively decreased with increasing leptin concentrations （P 〈 0.01）. LH release in the leptin （1×10^-12, 1×10^-11, 1×10^-7, and 1×10^-6 mol/L） groups was significantly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. FSH content in the leptin （1×10^-11, 1×10^-9, and 1×10^-7 mol/L） groups was significantly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Leptin can directly affect pituitary tissue to promote the secretion of LH and FSH in a dose-dependent manner.

Combination immunotherapy with Survivin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone fusion protein in murine breast cancer model

AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of two recombinant proteins, Survivin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) fusion protein [LHRH(6 leu)-LTB] for immunotherapy of breast cancer.METHODS Murine 4 T-1 breast cancer model was used to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant proteins in vivo. Twenty four Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups of 6 mice each. Recombinant Survivin and LHRH fusion protein, alone or in combination, were administered along with immunomodulator Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) in Balb/c mice. Unimmunized or control group mice were administered with phosphate buffer saline. Each group was then challenged with syngeneic 4 T-1 cells to induce the growth of breast tumor. Tumor growth was monitored to evaluate the efficacy of immune-response in preventing the growth of cancer cells.RESULTS Preventive immunization with 20 μg recombinant Survivin and MIP was effective in suppressing growth of 4 T-1 mouse model of breast cancer (P = 0.04) but 50 μg dose was ineffective in suppressing tumor growth. However, combination of Survivin and LHRH fusion protein was more effective in suppressing tumor growth (P = 0.02) as well as metastasis in vivo in comparison to LHRH fusion protein as vaccine antigen alone.CONCLUSION Recombinant Survivin and MIP suppress tumor growth significantly. Combining LHRH fusion protein with Survivin and MIP enhances tumor suppressive effects marginally which provides evidence for recombinant Survivin and LHRH fusion protein as candidates for translating the combination cancer immunotherapy approaches.

Long-term effectiveness of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist or antiandrogen monotherapy in elderly men with localizect prostate cancer （T1-2） ： a retrospective study

Aim： To evaluate the long-term effectiveness, side effects and compliance rates of two types of drugs （luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist and antiandrogen） that were used individually to treat patients with localized prostate cancer （T1-2） at our institution. Methods： Ninety-seven patients who were diagnosed in the period from April 1997 to January 2000 as having clinically localized prostate cancer （T1-2） received either LHRH agonist （leuprolide acetate 7.5 mg/month） monotherapy （group 1, n = 62） or antiandrogen monotherapy （group 2, n = 35; 18 received bicalutamide 50 mg q.d., 13 received nilutamide 150 mg t.i.d, and 4 received flutamide 250 mg t.i.d.）. The mean age in both groups was 76 years. Results： The mean follow-up time was （50.8 ±8.5） months in group 1 and （43.1 ± 2.2） months in group 2. Prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels rose in only 1 of the 62 patients （1.6%） in group 1, and in 20 of the 35 patients （57.1%） in group 2. In group 2, 10 of the 20 patients （50 %） with increasing PSA levels were treated with LHRH salvage therapy, and eight （80%） responded. Hot flashes （54.8%） and lethargy （41.9%） were the most common side effects in group 1. In contrast, nipple-tenderness （40%） and light-dark adaptation （17.1%） were more often seen in group 2. Only 1 of the 62 patients （1.6%） in group 1 switched to another medication because of adverse side effects; whereas 8 of the 35 patients （22.9%） in group 2 did so. Conclusion： Unlike antiandrogen monotherapy, LHRH agonist monotherapy provided long-term durable control of localized prostate cancer （T1-2）. It can also be an effective treatment option for patients whose disease failed to respond to antiandrogen monotherapy. The limitations of our study are the lack of health outcomes analysis and a small sample size.

Effects of Estrogen and/or Progesterone on Morphology of Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Cells

Objective To identify the morphological characteristics of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) cells after exogenous gonadal hormone treatment Methods Effects of various doses of estrogen, progesterone and their combination on morphological parameters, including the size and shape of pituitary LH cells, the size of endocellular vacuoles, were observed and measured by immuno histochemistry and computer image analysis. Results Different kinds of gonadal hormones could recover the magnified LH cells to the normal level in ovariectomized rats. However, their final effects on the gonadotrophin levels and the cellular morphological characters of the LH cells were different. The low dose of estrogen elicited abundant hormone stored in the LH cells to an easy released status with a lot of different size of vacuoles. On the contrary, the high dose of estrogen inhibited the storage of LH, and the LH cells were filled with secretory granules and few vacuoles. The progesterone could promote the storage of LH in an uneasy released status. The administration of estrogen progesterone combination not only inhibited the storage of LH, but also the release of LH. In this group, the LH cells containing a large amount of secretory granules and a few vacuoles showed a better uniform shape compared with those administrated with high dose of estrogen. Conclusion: Different kinds of gonadal hormones could reverse the excessive secretion of LH and recover the morphological change of LH cells to the normally physiological condition.

Beneficial effects of a decreased meal frequency on nutrient utilization,secretion of luteinizing hormones and ovarian follicular development in gilts

Background:Replacement gilts are typically fed ad libitum,whereas emerging evidence from human and rodent studies has revealed that time-restricted access to food has health benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of meal frequency on the metabolic status and ovarian follicular development in gilts.Methods:A total of 36 gilts(Landrace×Yorkshire)with an age of 150±3 d and a body weight of 77.6±3.8 kg were randomly allocated into one of three groups(n=12 in each group),and based on the group allocation,the gilts were fed at a frequency of one meal(T1),two meals(T2),or six meals per day(T6)for 14 consecutive weeks.The effects of the meal frequency on growth preference,nutrient utilization,short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbial,the post-meal dynamics in the metabolic status,reproductive hormone secretions,and ovarian follicular development in the gilts were measured.Results:The gilts in the T1 group presented a higher average daily gain(+48 g/d,P<0.05)and a higher body weight(+4.9 kg,P<0.05)than those in the T6 group.The meal frequency had no effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,ether extract,ash,and gross energy,with the exception that the T1 gilts exhibited a greater NDF digestibility than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that the T1 gilts presented decreased urine excretion of nitrogen(−8.17 g/d,P<0.05)and higher nitrogen retention(+9.81 g/d,P<0.05),and thus exhibited higher nitrogen utilization than the T6 gilts.The time-course dynamics of glucose,α-amino nitrogen,urea,lactate,and insulin levels in serum revealed that the T1 group exhibited higher utilization of nutrients after a meal than the T2 or T6 gilts.The T1 gilts also had a higher acetate content and SCFAs in feces than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The age,body weight and backfat thickness of the gilts at first estrous expression were not affected by the meal frequency,but the gilts in the T1 group had higher levels of serum luteinizing hormone on the 18th day of the 3rd estrus cycle and 17β-estradiol,a larger number of growing follicles and corpora lutea,and higher mRNA expression levels of genes related to follicular development on the 19th day of the 3rd estrus cycle.Conclusions:The current findings revealed the benefits of a lower meal frequency equal feed intake on nutrient utilization and reproductive function in replacement gilts,and thus provide new insights into the nutritional strategy for replacement gilts,and the dietary pattern for other mammals,such as humans.

Effect of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analogue on the Sexual Behavior of Sacalia quadriocellata

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH) is known to influence sexual behavior in many vertebrate taxa, but there have been no systematic studies on the role of LHRH in sexual behavior of turtles. We tested the hypotheses that exogenous LHRH analogues would induce sexual behavior of male Four-eyed turtle, Sacalia quadriocellata. We examined this by challenging males with intramuscular injections of mammalian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue(LHRH-A), human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG), or a combination of the two, and subsequently exposing them to sexually receptive females for behavioral observation. Our data show that the injection of only HCG could not, while that of only LHRH-A could, facilitate sexual behavior along with testicular recrudescence and spermatogenesis in S. quadriocellata. The injection of both LHRH-A and HCG would induce more drastic sexual behavior of the animals than that of LHRH-A alone, indicating HCG enhances the effects of LHRH-A induced sexual behavior. However, different pharmacological dosages of LHRH-A(0.5 μg, 1 μg, 2 μg per 100 g bodyweight) did not correspond to different activity levels. Though the mechanism of LHRH effect was not determined, this study may support that the sexual behavior of S. quadriocellata which occurs at the beginning of the injection despite regression of the gonads. This is the first report on the exogenous LHRH-A induced sexual behavior for this species.

Immunohistochemical observation on luteinizing hormone in rat testes before and after testicular capsulotomy

Aim: In the testicular capsulotomized rats, although there was a significant increase in the luteinizing hormone (LH)levels, the secretion of testosterone remained low. In order to clarify the mechanisms of this phenomenon, the bindingof endogenous LH to the testes were observed before and after testicular capsulotomy. Methods; Peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method was used to detect the binding of LH to the testes in rats. Results; An intense positivestaining of LH was found in the Leydig cells of both the normal and sham-operated control testes. However, at 40 d af-ter operation, the LH immunoreactivity was decreased in the Leydig cells of the capsulotomized testis. By d 60, onlyvery weak positive staining could be observed in these cells. Conclusion; A progressive reduction of endogenousLH binding to the testis occurred in the capsulotomized rat. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3 : 227 - 230)

Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in relation to double brooding in Great Tit(Parus major)

The reproductive behaviors of birds are mainly controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.Many studies have shown that reproductive hormones are tightly linked to the breeding sub-stages.However,only a few studies have examined the temporal trend of hormone levels among different reproductive stages in multiple brooded species.We investigated the changes in plasma luteinizing hormone(LH)and prolactin(PRL)concentrations during different reproductive stages of the facultative double-brooded Great Tit(Parus major).We found that the concentrations of LH and PRL in females were significantly higher than those in males.Females had significantly higher LH and lower PRL concentrations in the pre-breeding period than in the first/second brooding periods,and there were no significant changes between the first and second brooding periods.The concentrations of LH and PRL in males had no significant difference between the pre-breeding period and the first brooding periods,while LH and PRL concentrations in the second brooding period were significantly higher than those in the first brooding period.We conclude that there are sex-based differences between LH and PRL at different stages of reproduction.The changes in LH and PRL in both males and females should be related to their physiological functions.Especially for males,individuals with higher levels of LH and PRL are more likely to maintain second clutches.

Effect of Kisspeptin on Regulation of Growth Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Lactating Dairy Cows

Kisspeptin （KP） , a neuroendocrine regulator of reproduction,is hypothesized to be an integrator of metabolism and hormones critical to the regulation of reproduction. Lactation is associated with enhanced growth hormone （GH） responsiveness and reduced fertility. Our study was designed to determine the effects of lactation on KP-stimulated GH and luteinizing hormone （LH） secretion. Five non-lactating and five lactating dairy cows were used in the study. Experiments were conducted with lactating cows at weeks 1,5 and 11 after parturition. The experimental treatments （saline and KP [100 and 400 pmol / kg body weight]） were given intravenously and blood was collected and plasma was stored until later assay to determine concentrations of GH,LH,progesterone and nonesterified fatty acids. We found that neither dose of KP stimulated an increase in GH secretion. The low dose ofKP increased （P 〈0. 05） LH concentrations only in lactating cows. The higher dose of KP elicited an increase in circulating LH concentrations in both lactating and non-lactating cows. The lower dose of KP increased （P 〈 0. 05） the area under the curve for LH only in cows during week 5 of lactation,and the area under the curve of LH following the highest dose of KP was greater （P 〈 0. 05） in cows during week 5 of lactation than that for the other groups of cows. In summary,lactation status and stage of lactation did not change the sensitivity of the GH system to KP. However,an effect of stage of lactation on KP-stimulated LH secretion was detected in the dairy cows. Study of the KP system during lactation in dairy cows may provide critical insights into the mechanisms for lactation-associated changes in the reproductive axis.

Hormonal Status Assessment of Infertile Congolese Men

Background: The pathologies causing male infertility are various (congenital or acquired) and concern several hormone-producing organs: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testes and adrenals. The hormonal dosage includes systematically testosterone, FSH and LH. These analyses often highlight hypogonadism hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic. They can sometimes be normal. The present study aimed to establish the hormonal profile of infertile men residing in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study during five years (from 2018 to 2023). It concerned 344 infertilemen with an abnormal spermogram and spermocytogram. The method was performed from the blood dosage of testosterone, FSH, and LH using the Elisa technique. Results: The hormonal assessment was not normal in 48.83% (168/344) of cases. Increased values of testosterone were noted in 6.10% of cases and decreased in 12.20%. Abnormal high values of FSH were observed in 14.24% of cases and decreased values in 8.13%. LH was elevated, i.e. 2.03% of cases and decreased in 6.10% of subjects. Conclusions: A hormonal disturbance was observed in almost half of the infertile men. It concerned the hypothalamus-pituitary and the testes axis and indicated mainly a state of hypogonadism with high FSH and low LH.

基础黄体生成素和不同LH/FSH比值水平对PCOS患者辅助生殖妊娠结局的影响

目的:探究基础黄体生成素(bLH)及不同黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素(LH/FSH)比值水平对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者体外受精或卵胞浆内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择2013年7月至2020年1月在南京医科大学第一附属医院生殖医学科首次行促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)拮抗剂灵活方案促排卵,接受IVF/ICSI治疗的424例PCOS患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按照bLH水平不同分为正常bLH组(LH≤10 U/L,316例)和高bLH组(LH>10 U/L,108例);同时根据LH/FSH比值水平不同分为低比值组(LH/FSH≤1,227例)、中比值组(1<LH/FSH<2,142例)、高比值组(LH/FSH≥2,55例)。分析比较各组患者一般情况、促排卵情况及妊娠结局的差异,并采用二元Logistic回归分析影响活产的相关因素。结果:①高bLH组基础FSH和抗苗勒管激素(AMH)较正常bLH组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在促排卵情况方面,高bLH组使用拮抗剂总天数长于正常组,但获卵数和绒促性素(HCG)日子宫内膜厚度小于正常bLH组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者妊娠结局相关指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②不同LH/FSH比值组患者比较,高比值组AMH和窦卵泡数(AFC)高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在促排卵情况方面,高比值组获卵数、移植胚胎数、HCG日子宫内膜厚度均低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者妊娠结局相关指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③二元Logistic回归分析显示活产与bLH、LH/FSH比值无关(P>0.05),与移植胚胎数有关(P<0.05)。结论:bLH水平和LH/FSH值升高可能会影响PCOS患者促排卵结果(如获卵数和HCG日子宫内膜厚度等),但与辅助生殖的活产率未见显著相关性。

中枢性性早熟及外周性性早熟女童的LH、LHRH水平变化及临床意义

目的研究中枢性性早熟及外周性性早熟女童的黄体生成素(LH)、黄体生成素释放激素(LHRH)水平变化及临床意义。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月在惠州市第一人民医院儿科诊治的54例性早熟女童的临床资料,按照早熟性质分为中枢性组(中枢性性早熟,35例)与外周性组(外周性性早熟,19例)。采用化学发光免疫法检测所有女童的LH、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平及LHRH激发试验中的LH、FSH水平,计算并比较两组女童的骨龄指数、子宫容积和卵巢容积。结果中枢性组女童的LH、FSH水平分别为(4.35±1.54)IU/L、(7.28±2.11)IU/L,明显高于外周性组的(2.34±1.03)IU/L、(4.60±1.32)IU/L,T水平为(12.41±19.22)μg/L,明显低于外周性组的(84.46±123.24)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中枢性组女童的E2水平为(16.73±23.60)ng/L,与外周性组的(32.24±42.24)ng/L比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LHRH激发试验分别30 min、60 min、90 min,中枢性组女童的LH水平分别为(19.53±2.66)IU/L、(16.15±2.12)IU/L、(12.45±1.86)IU/L,均明显高于外周性组的(5.65±1.78)IU/L、(5.38±1.40)IU/L、(4.26±1.17)IU/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);LHRH激发试验分别30 min、60 min、90 min,中枢性组女童的FSH水平分别为(15.24±5.28)IU/L、(15.90±5.06)IU/L、(15.99±5.40)IU/L,均明显高于外周性组的(10.96±3.27)IU/L、(11.23±3.74)IU/L、(10.12±3.21)IU/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组女童的BAI、子宫容积和卵巢容积比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中枢性性早熟女童的LH、LHRH水平明显高于外周性性早熟女童,能够通过LH、LHRH水平对两者进行区分。

抑制素A对牦牛颗粒细胞FSH、LH及其受体表达的影响

为了探明抑制素A(INHA)对牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞中促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)与其受体结合发挥的作用,通过体外培养牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞,采用免疫荧光技术(IF)检测促卵泡素受体(FSHR)和促黄体素受体(LHR)在颗粒细胞中的分布情况,用不同浓度外源性INHA(0、1.25、2.5、5、10、20 ng·mL^(-1))作用12 h后,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测颗粒细胞中FSHβ、LHβ、FSHR、LHR基因的表达情况,采用酶联免疫分析试验(ELISA)检测细胞内外FSH、LH的含量。结果显示,FSHR和LHR在颗粒细胞质与细胞核中均有表达。FSHβ和LHβ基因在颗粒细胞中的表达随INHA浓度的增大呈先降后升的趋势;INHA浓度接近5 ng·mL^(-1)时,FSHβ表达最低;INHA浓度接近10 ng·mL^(-1)时,LHβ表达最低;FSHR和LHR基因的表达与INHA浓度呈负相关。INHA浓度接近5 ng·mL^(-1)时,颗粒细胞内外FSH含量最低;INHA浓度接近10 ng·mL^(-1)时,颗粒细胞内外LH含量最低;其他INHA浓度下,当颗粒细胞内容物中FSH和LH含量降低时,细胞上清中含量升高。综上所述,INHA对FSHR和LHR基因在颗粒细胞中的表达存在明显的抑制作用,并且影响FSHβ和LHβ基因在颗粒细胞中的表达。研究表明INHA可以抑制牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞中FSH、LH与其受体的结合;同时,INHA对颗粒细胞内外FSH和LH的含量具有重要调节作用。本研究为进一步探索抑制素对雌性牦牛生殖调控的影响提供了理论依据。

Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Blood Lead and Sex Hormone Levels among Occupationally Exposed Group in An E-waste Dismantling Area

Objective To study the effects of environmental multi-media lead pollution on blood lead and sex hormone levels among lead exposed males engaged in E-waste dismantling, and the correlation between confounding factors and sex hormone levels. Methods An E-waste dismantling area in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province was selected as the research site. One hundred and fifty two samples were collected from the groundwater, soil, rice, corn, chicken, and pork in the dismantling area. The effects of the multi-media lead pollution on the male blood lead and sex hormone levels of FSH, LH, and T, as well as the correlation with confounding factors, were studied. Results The blood lead concentrations in the males aged under 31, from 31 to 45 and from 46 to 60 were 98.55, 100.23, and 101.45 I~/L, respectively. Of all the environmental media lead exposures, the groundwater, rice and soil were main contributing factors to the lead accumulation in humans. FSH and LH levels increased with the age while the T levels decreased with the age instead. There was a significant correlation between the FSH and LH levels and wearing masks. Conclusion There was correlation between the FSH, LH, and T levels, and the mean values of lead concentrations in environmental media, and the sex hormone levels were correlated with the confounding factor of wearing masks.

多囊卵巢综合征患者基础LH升高对IVF-ET结局影响

【目的】比较应用拮抗剂方案对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕患者进行IVF-ET助孕治疗中,血清基础黄体生成素(LH)升高与LH正常两组患者的操作性促排卵结果及新鲜周期胚胎移植后妊娠结局的差异。【方法】回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年12月在中山大学附属第六医院生殖医学研究中心,行体外受精胚胎移植治疗的PCOS不孕患者的临床资料,根据其基础LH水平,将其分为LH升高组(LH≥10 U/L)与LH正常组(LH<10 U/L),其中升高组236例,正常组548例。比较两组患者的促排卵结果和新鲜周期胚胎移植的妊娠结局,包括:促性腺激素(Gn)启动剂量、Gn天数、Gn总量、获卵数、两原核(PN)率、可利用胚胎率、优质胚胎率、囊胚形成率、HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、流产率、持续妊娠率和活产率;并分析两组促排卵过程中激素变化趋势的差异。【结果】与LH正常组比较,升高组Gn总剂量显著低于LH正常组(P<0.001)。两组获卵数、2PN率、可利用胚胎率、优质胚胎率与囊胚形成率均无显著差异(P均>0.05);LH升高组的取消新鲜周期移植率及因预防OHSS而取消移植率与LH正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在新鲜移植周期中,LH升高组的HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、流产率、持续妊娠率与活产率与LH正常组比较,均差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。【结论】PCOS不孕患者中,基础LH水平升高并不影响促排结果与新鲜胚胎移植的妊娠结局,促排卵治疗前是否需降低LH水平及基础LH水平升高患者是否需行全胚冷冻,还需要进一步研究。

拮抗剂添加日血清LH水平不同的不孕症患者GnRH-ant灵活方案促排卵后IVF-ET移植效果观察

目的比较拮抗剂添加日不同水平的血清促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)在促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist,GnRH-ant)灵活方案中对不孕症患者体外受精—胚胎移植(In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer,IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响。方法607例接受灵活的拮抗剂方案的不孕症患者,根据拮抗剂添加日血清LH水平分为LH<10 mIU/mL 189例(A组)、10 mIU/mL≤LH<20 mIU/mL 285例(B组)及LH≥20 mIU/mL 133例(C组)。观察并记录三组患者获卵数、卵子成熟率、2PN受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、鲜胚种植率、新鲜周期移植率、临床妊娠率、流产率及活产率。结果与A组比较,B组患者卵裂率、优质胚胎率及活产率高,流产率低(P均<0.05);与B组比较,C组卵裂率、优质胚胎率及活产率低,流产率高(P均<0.05)。结论拮抗剂添加日血清10 mIU/mL≤LH<20 mIU/mL时不孕症患者的促排卵效果好,IVF-ET妊娠结局较好。

Androgen receptor gene polymorphism and sex hormones in elderly men:the Tromsøstudy

The aim of this study was to examine whether CAG/GGN repeats are significant modulators of serum concentrations of total and free testosterone(T)as well as of luteinizing hormone(LH)in elderly men.Sixty-nine 60-to 80-year-old men with subnormal T levels(≤11.0 nmol L^(-1))and 104 men with normal T levels taking part in a nested case-control study were used for these analyses.Sex hormones were measured and free T was calculated.The CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent direct sequencing.There were no differences in the CAG and GGN repeat lengths between the groups.In cross-sectional analyses of the whole cohort,total and free T were positively associated with CAG length(all P<0.05)before,but not after,waist circumference or body mass index was added to the model.CAG repeat lengths were weakly,but not independently,associated with total and free T.These findings indicate that when clinically evaluating T and LH levels in elderly men,the CAG and GGN repeat lengths do not need to be taken into consideration.

多囊卵巢综合征患者拮抗剂使用前LH升高对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者行拮抗剂固定方案促排卵时,拮抗剂使用前黄体生成素(LH)升高对促排卵及妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年12月在我院生殖医学研究中心行IVF/ICSI-ET助孕治疗时采用拮抗剂固定方案促排卵的784例PCOS患者的784个周期的临床资料,根据拮抗剂使用前LH水平分为升高组(LH>10 U/L,147个周期)与正常组(LH≤10 U/L,637个周期)。比较两组患者的一般资料、促排卵结局、胚胎移植情况及鲜胚移植周期的妊娠结局,并采用多重线性回归分析评价拮抗剂使用前LH水平的影响因素。结果两组患者的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、不孕类型、受精方式比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。LH升高组的抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、基础FSH、基础LH、基础E 2水平均显著高于正常组(P<0.05)。LH升高组的Gn天数、Gn总剂量均显著低于正常组(P<0.01),获卵数、取消新鲜周期移植率及预防OHSS取消移植率均显著高于正常组(P<0.05)。LH升高组的2PN率显著高于正常组(P<0.05);两组间可利用胚胎率、优质胚胎率与囊胚形成率比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。LH正常组鲜胚移植206个周期,升高组鲜胚移植28个周期;两组间移植胚胎数、HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率及活产率比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,基础LH水平与拮抗剂使用前E 2水平显著影响拮抗剂使用前的LH水平(P<0.001)。结论行拮抗剂固定方案促排卵的PCOS患者中,拮抗剂使用前LH升高并不明显影响胚胎发育情况及鲜胚移植周期的妊娠结局;但拮抗剂使用前LH升高患者存在卵巢反应性更高的特点,值得临床医生关注。

Fluoride Exposure,Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian Axis Hormones in Chinese Women

The effects of fluoride exposure on thefunctions of reproductive and endocrine systemshave attracted widespread attention in academiccircle nowadays. However, it is unclear whether thegene-environment interaction may modify thesecretion and activity of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian （HPO） axis hormones. Thus, the aim of thisstudy was to explore the influence of fluorideexposure and follicle stimulating hormone receptor（FSHR） gene polymorphism on reproductivehormones in Chinese women. A cross sectionalstudy was conducted in seven villages of HenanProvince, China during 2010-2011. A total of 679women aged 18-48 years were recruited throughcluster sampling and divided into three groups, i.e.endemic fluorosis group （EFG）, defluoridationproject group （DFPG）, and control group （CG） basedon the local fluoride concentration in drinkingwater. The serum levels of gonadotropin releasinghormone （GnRH）, follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, and estradiol （E2）were determined respectively and the FSHRpolymorphism was detected by real time PCR assay.The results provided the preliminary evidenceindicating the gene-environment interaction onHPO axishormones in women.

The Effects of Lei Gong Teng on Reproductive Hormones

The serum reproductive hormone levels were examined with radioimmunoassay in women of child-bearing age before and after treatment with the prescriptions containing Lei Gong Teng (雷公藤Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii). The results showed that Lei Gong Teng could induce amenorrhea, but it was reversible.