中宁枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的核型分析

报道了中宁枸杞( Lycium barbarum L.)的核型.核型公式为K(2n)=2 X=24=2 2 m(4 SAT)+2 sm.核型类型为1A，为较原始的对称核型，并与前人的报道结果进行了对比分 析.

Effects of Different Culture Conditions on Vitrification of Lycium barbarum L. Plantlets in Tissue Culture

The tender stems from new Lycium barbarum L. cultivar ＂Ningqi 3＂ released by Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences were regarded as explants to investigate the vitrification of Lycium barbarum plantlets in tissue culture under different concentrations of 6-BA, sucrose, agrose, culture temperature, and illumination duration with MS as basic medium. The results show that the conditions for maximal proliferation coefficient and min- imal vitrification are as following： the basic medium with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, 3% sucrose and 0.65% agarose; culture at 25℃; 12 h/d（ daylight lamp, 2 000 lx） illumination.

Preliminary Study on the Anther Culture in Lycium barbarum L.

To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.

药用植物宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)土壤细菌群落演替特征

【目的】研究土层、季节和树龄对宁夏枸杞土壤细菌群落结构的影响,对揭示枸杞种植区域土壤质量变化规律具有重要意义。【方法】以宁夏枸杞之乡—宁夏回族自治区中宁县为研究区,采用高通量测序分析了不同土层、季节和树龄条件下枸杞土壤细菌生物量及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化趋势。【结果】随着枸杞树龄增加,与幼龄(种植当年,<1年)枸杞土壤相比,春季和夏季0—20 cm中龄(6年)和老龄(12年)土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)及0—40 cm土壤总有机氮(total organic nitrogen,TON)含量先增加后减少;春季不同树龄0—20 cm土壤微生物生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和微生物生物量氮(microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)一直增加,但春季和秋季20—40 cm则呈相反趋势。夏季中龄植株表层土壤MBC最高,但MBN却最低。随着树龄增加,枸杞表层土壤细菌多样性普遍呈先增加后减小的趋势。枸杞土壤变形菌门Proteobacteria、放线菌门Actinobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidete在细菌群落中占绝对优势。相同季节老龄土壤Proteobacteria相对丰度普遍高于幼龄和中龄,幼龄土壤Planctomycetes和绿弯菌门Chloroflexi丰度高于中龄和老龄。变形杆菌中黄色单胞菌Xanthomonadales、红杆菌Rhodobacterales和根瘤菌Rhizobiales占主导地位,尤其是在秋季中龄和3个季节的老龄枸杞土壤。土层、季节和树龄对土壤微生物数量影响不同。【结论】随着树龄增加,宁夏枸杞表层土壤微生物生物量和细菌多样性呈先增加后降低的趋势。老龄植株土壤Xanthomonadales数量相对最多。土层对枸杞土壤碳分布有极显著影响,树龄主要显著影响土壤氮源和细菌群落多样性,季节对枸杞土壤碳源、微生物量碳氮均有极显著影响。

The Relation between Anther's Nutrient Metabolism and Pollen Abortion of Male Sterile Lines in Lycium barbarum L.

[ Objective] This study deals with the relation between anther nutrient metabolism and pollen abortion of male sterile lines in Lycium barbarum L., and provides some theoretical references for the pollen abortion mechanism of male sterile lines in Lyciurn barbarurn L.. [Method] By using semi-thin section and cytochemistry technology, the accumulation and distribution of anther nutrient of male sterile and fertile lines in Lycium barbarum L. were observed and compared. [ Result] The result showed that after meiosis, starch grains in the connective parenchyma of anther decreased sharply, and starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were also greatly decreased, while nearly no lipid accumulated in tapetal cells in male sterile lines compared with the fertile lines. The tapetal cells and tetraspore had vacuoles appear successively, and then entered the degenerate process. During the degeneration stage of tapetal cells and tetraspore, starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were still in a smell number and in the connective parenchyme as well. [ Conclusion] The decrease of polysaccharide supplying in anther vascular leads to the disorder of mechanism of glycelipid transforming in tapetal ceils, which triggers the tapetal cells degenerating ahead of time, and the latter gives rise to callus wall failing to degenerate in time. Therefore, the tetrads disintegrate and disappear ultimately due to lack of nutrition.

Effects of Different Vibration Intensities Harvesting on Photosynthesis System Parameters of Lycium barbarum L. Trees with Harvest Machine

The effects of different vibration intensities harvesting on photosynthesis system parameters of Lycium barbarum L. tree with harvest machine were researched. The result showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves under different treatment during different periods have no significant difference compared with contrast. It indicates that there is no significant effect on photosynthesis system parameters of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves with harvest machine.

Pollination Compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L.Varieties

[Objective] The aim was to research pol ination compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Method] Self-fertilization and reciprocal cross fertilization tests were conducted among the Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Result] Ningqi No.3 was of self-incompatibility and the self-fertilization fruit set ratio was only 1.33%; the self-compatibility of Ningqi No.2 was only 31.74%; the rest kept self-compatibility higher than 50%. The six varieties al showed better compatibility in general, espe-cial y for Ningqi No.3, whose fruit set ratio and weight of single fruit can be im-proved once a suitable pol inizer is found. [Conclusion] The research providers refer-ences for pol inizer-trees in production.

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Primary Substances and Secondary Substances of Lycium barbarum L.

[Objective] The aim was to provide certain theoretical basis for stuides on the high yield and high quality cultivation of Lycium barbarum L..[Method] Under yield conditions,the accumulation of primary substances and secondary substances of Lycium barbarum L.was studied under different mulching treatments.[Result] Different mulching methods all had a certain effects on the contents of main primary substances and main secondary substances in Lycium barbarum L.fruit.Among them,carbohydrates and flavonoids contents in Lycium barbarum L.were both obviously increased under straw-film mulching;carotenoid content was decreased relatively;hundred leaf weight,1 000-grain weight and yield of Lycium barbarum L.were increased to a certain extent,but there was no obvious effect on the shape of fruit.Besides,the yield of Lycium barbarum L.had no significant positive correlation with total carbohydrate and polysaccharide,almost had no correlation with flavonoids,and had no significant negative correlation with carotenoid.[Conclusion] The reasonable mulching could improve the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L..

Changes of the Main Carotenoid Pigment Contents During the Drying Processes of the Different Harvest Stage Fruits of Lycium barbarum L.

The test analyzed the regularity of biosynthesis and degradation of the main functional components, such as zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and esterified carotenoids in the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. in order to provide theoretical basis for improvement of processing condition, appearance quality, and preservation of carotenoids. RP-HPLC was adapted to assay the changes of the main carotenoids of the different harvested stage fruit during the drying processing. Quantification was realized using external standard with gradient elution. The results showed that zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased dramatically, 2-22 times that of fresh fruits at the beginning of the drying period. In the middle of drying period, degradation occurred to a some extent, and the fall fruit degraded to a large extent. At the end of drying period, zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents increased to a little extent until a balanced state is obtained. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate content had a total degradation to more than 40% at the beginning of the drying period, and increased a little at the middle period, then reached a balanced state finally. The total carotenoid content analysis showed that the summer fruit had higher carotenoid content than the fall fruit. The experiments demonstrated zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased and zeaxanthin dipalmitate decreased during the drying process, which had an effect on the production appearance.

Review on the Diseases and Insects of Lycium barbarum L.

With the increasing planting area of Lycium barbarum L. , influence of diseases and pests has grown more serious, and the researches on the diseases and pests of L. barbarum L. have become increasingly important. This study reviewed the found diseases and pests of L barbarum L. and corresponding control measures, proposed the problems, suggestions and prospects, in order to provide references for the sustainable healthy development of L. barbarum L. industry in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

Determination of the Composition and Content of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides by Chromatography

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides （LBP） were obtained after Lycium barbarum, the study object, went through chloroform-methanol degreasing, water extraction and alcohol precipitation, acetone and ether wash and dry, hydrogen peroxide bleaching, deproteinization by savage method. Determined LBP molecular weight by HPLC was 73950-138090Da. And the monosaccharides in LBP determined by IC mainly included glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose and mannose, in which glucose, arabinose and galactose had larger contents, while the contents of other monosaccharides were low.

Preliminary Studies on Identification of Lycium Linn.Germplasm Resources by nrDNA ITS Sequencing

[Objective] The study aimed to identify woltberry （Lycium Linn.） germplasm resources at molecular level by analyzing the nrDNA ITS sequence. [Method] Genomic DNA from woltberry leaves extracted by modified CTAB method were regarded as templates for PCR amplification by specific primer, clone and sequencing. [Result] The nrDNA ITS sequences were obtained and then differentiated among three tested materials. [Conclusion] PCR amplification and sequencing on nrDNA ITS is a feasible approach to identify different woltberry germplasm resources.

Current Situation of the Collection of Lycium L.Plant Resources in the United States

Most of the Lycium L. plants are medicinal plants, and L. barbarum in this genus is an important Chinese medicinal material. The United States is one of the largest countries in the world in conservation of plant germplasm resources and conservation types. The United States has collected 50 plant resources from 13 species and 1 variety of Lycium L. from all over the world. If we can introduce and utilize these plant resources, it is very important to Chinese wolfberry germplasm resources innovation and genetic improvement.

枸杞子糖缀合物及其糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用

目的 研究枸杞子糖缀合物及其糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用。方法 在Cu2 +诱导的LDL氧化模型中测定了脂质过氧化产物硫代巴比妥酸反应物质 (TBARS)的含量及LDL在琼脂糖凝胶电泳上的迁移率以反映从枸杞子中分离、纯化得到的糖缀合物及糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用。结果 枸杞子糖缀合物及糖链抗LDL氧化的能力是不同的 ,其中LbGp5可明显的抑制LDL的氧化。结论 枸杞子糖缀合物具有抗LDL氧化作用 。

枸杞子糖缀合物LbGp4糖链的结构及其免疫活性的研究

枸杞子糖缀合物 Lb Gp4经 β-消除、柱层析分离后得到一条分子量高达 1 80 80 0的分支多糖化合物Lb Gp4 -OL.Lb Gp4 -OL糖基组成为 n( Rha)∶ n( Ara)∶n( Gal) =0 .0 5∶ 1 .3 3∶ 1 .根据甲基化、部分酸水解及1H NMR、 13 C NMR分析 ,确定了其主要的结构 ,并对 Lb Gp4和 Lb Gp4

NaCl和Na_2CO_3对枸杞的胁迫效应

对5个月苗龄的枸杞幼苗用0.3%～0.9%的中性盐NaCl和碱性盐Na2CO3处理,以观察枸杞幼苗对盐碱的耐受程度。结果表明:枸杞耐Na2CO3的最高浓度为0.3%,而耐NaCl的最高浓度为0.9%。在两种盐胁迫下,相对生长率、O2-·、H2O2、MDA含量以及质膜透性的变化趋势基本相似。但是,在Na2CO3胁迫下,相对生长率明显下降,O2-·、H2O2、MDA含量上升加剧,质膜透性也明显增加。叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量明显下降;可溶性糖和淀粉含量出现明显下降趋势。而在NaCl胁迫下,叶片可溶性糖含量出现先降后升的趋势,根中的淀粉含量也出现缓慢上升的趋势,并且二者差异显著(P<0.05),由此说明枸杞对盐的耐受力高于碱。

NaCl胁迫对枸杞叶片甜菜碱、叶绿素荧光及叶绿素含量的影响

研究了在不同盐分胁迫下枸杞叶片甜菜碱含量、叶绿素荧光动力学参数和叶绿体色素含量的动态变化。结果表明,枸杞叶片叶绿素荧光参数(Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fm/Fo、Fv/Fo)随盐浓度的增加呈现下降的趋势,叶绿体色素(chla、chlb、chla/chlb)含量在低盐浓度下(0.3%NaCl)呈升高趋势,高盐浓度(0.6%～0.9%NaCl)下则均下降,随胁迫时间的延长,以上各参数均呈先下降后上升的总趋势,而类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值(car/chl)则随盐浓度的增加及胁迫时间的延长逐渐上升。枸杞叶片甜菜碱含量在一定范围内随盐浓度的增加以及胁迫时间的延长呈逐渐积累的趋势。初步证明盐胁迫下枸杞叶片甜菜碱的积累与叶绿素荧光及叶绿体色素含量的变化有关,这也可能是枸杞抗盐的重要生理原因之一。

NaCl胁迫和外源ABA对枸杞愈伤组织膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响

不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,枸杞愈伤组织生长量下降,质膜相对透性和丙二醛 MDA 含量增大,且二者呈正相关;过氧化酶 POD 和超氧化歧化酶 SOD 活性升高,但对POD同工酶酶带无影响,仅使酶带染色程度加深.加入ABA后,SOD、POD活性升高,说明盐胁迫下ABA可以延缓盐胁迫对膜的伤害,从而提高枸杞的耐盐性.

宁夏枸杞黄酮类化合物HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的建立宁夏枸杞黄酮类化合物高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为鉴别不同来源的宁夏枸杞提供依据。方法以10个宁夏不同产地的宁夏枸杞主栽品种"宁杞号"样品建立枸杞黄酮类化合物指纹图谱共有模式,采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"软件进行数据处理,对15个不同来源的枸杞样品进行了分析。结果本研究建立的方法重现性较好;16个特征峰构成了宁夏枸杞黄酮类化合物色谱指纹图谱的特征;不同产地、不同品种的枸杞样品黄酮类化合物组成与量存在差异。结论所建立的枸杞黄酮类化合物的HPLC指纹图谱对不同产地、不同品种枸杞的鉴别具有参考价值。

枸杞黄酮类化合物清除氧自由基及对小鼠L_(1210)癌细胞能量代谢的抑制作用

采用ＥＳＲ自旋捕捉法和微量量热法能量研究了枸杞总黄酮（ＴＦＬ）对活性氧自由基的清除作用，及对Ｌ１２１０细胞热代谢的影响。结果表明：在Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ体系中，ＴＦＬ７．５～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ对ＯＨ·的清除率为２０％～７２％；在Ｘａｎ／ＸＯ体系中ＴＦＬ０～２１７ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｏ－·２清除率为０～５１％；ＴＦＬ０．５６ｇ／Ｌ对多形核白细胞ＰＭＮ呼吸爆发的产热峰完全抑制，对Ｌ１２１０细胞的能量代谢有明显抑制作用，对正常大鼠ＰＭＮ能量代谢有促进作用。