THE STUDY OF A BOCC M-ARY SPREAD SPECTRUM SCHEME

M-ary spread spectrum technique has been found wide applications in wireless communications, but it needs too many orthogonal spreading codes and its despreading/demodulation is quite complex computationally, which limit its wider applications. This paper proposes a novel scheme for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communication systems based on M-ary spread spectrum, where only one prototype spreading code is assigned to each user and the codes for different users are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal with each other. The M spreading codes of each user to represent K bits data are generated by circularly shifting the assigned code and reversing its polarity. The spreading codes generated like that are called as BiOrthogonal Cyclic Codes (BOCCs). At the receiver of the system, a transform domain matched-filter implemented by means of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is employed to despread and demodulate the received signals, which has very low computational complexity. The results of simulation experiments and bit-error performance analysis show that the proposed scheme is practical and very useful in many cases.

THE STUDY OF AN M-ARY MC-CDMA SYSTEM BASED ON CYCLIC SPREADING CODES & PRE-EQUALIZATION

A novel fast despreading scheme for M-ary Multi-Carrier Code-Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed based on cyclic spreading codes and pre-equalizer. In the transmitter, the M spreading codes of each user are generated by circularly shifting the prototype spreading code. A feedback pre-equalizer is employed to process the M-ary MC- CDMA signal before transmitted. The received signal is multiplied by the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) result of the mirror image code of the prototype spreading code, and then demodulated by Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) demodulator. Compared with the conventional M-ary MC-CDMA receiver, the proposed scheme increases bandwidth efficiency, meanwhile, it achieves M-ary despread spectrum and multi-carrier demodulation, which reduces computation complexity remarkably.

A SCHEME OF M-ARY MULTI-CARRIER SPREAD SPECTRUM BASED ON WAVELET PACKET

A novel scheme of M-ary multi-carrier spread spectrum based on wavelet packet is proposed. Its performance is investigated for a multipath, slow Rayteigh fading channel. The performance advantages of the system over that based on DFT are demonstrated by both analytical and simulation methods.

Smart prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading

The prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading/displacement(Dh)is a challenging task for civil/geotechnical engineers.In this study,a new approach is proposed to predict Dh using gene expression programming(GEP).Based on statistical reasoning,individual models were developed for two topographies:free-face and gently sloping ground.Along with a comparison with conventional approaches for predicting the Dh,four additional regression-based soft computing models,i.e.Gaussian process regression(GPR),relevance vector machine(RVM),sequential minimal optimization regression(SMOR),and M5-tree,were developed and compared with the GEP model.The results indicate that the GEP models predict Dh with less bias,as evidenced by the root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)for training(i.e.1.092 and 0.815;and 0.643 and 0.526)and for testing(i.e.0.89 and 0.705;and 0.773 and 0.573)in free-face and gently sloping ground topographies,respectively.The overall performance for the free-face topology was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>M5-tree>GPR>SMOR,with a total score of 40,32,24,15,and 10,respectively.For the gently sloping condition,the performance was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>GPR>M5-tree>SMOR with a total score of 40,32,21,19,and 8,respectively.Finally,the results of the sensitivity analysis showed that for both free-face and gently sloping ground,the liquefiable layer thickness(T_(15))was the major parameter with percentage deterioration(%D)value of 99.15 and 90.72,respectively.

一种M-ary扩频信号扩频序列集估计方法

针对M-ary扩频信号的扩频序列集估计问题,提出一种基于序贯相关检测的扩频码集估计方法。首先,对同步信号样点进行划分,并利用所分向量间的相关特性,通过迭代操作得到码集中某一个元素的估计;然后,将对应于该元素的样点向量从接收信号向量集合中剔除,并重复上述步骤,以序贯的方式得到扩频码集的一个估计;最后,利用原始信号对该码集的各个元素进行检验,剔除码集中的虚假元素从而得到最终估计结果。该方法可以实现M-ary扩频信号的扩频序列集估计,并且不受扩频码集类型的限制,由于避免了二维搜索以及K均值聚类的迭代操作,文中方法具有比文献方法更快的计算速度。

Individual dynamics and local heterogeneity provide a microscopic view of the epidemic spreading

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe global disasters,highlighting the importance of understanding the details and trends of epidemic transmission in order to introduce efficient intervention measures.While the widely used deterministic compartmental models have qualitatively presented continuous “analytical” insight and captured some transmission features,their treatment usually lacks spatiotemporal variation.Here,we propose a stochastic individual dynamical(SID)model to mimic the random and heterogeneous nature of epidemic propagation.The SID model provides a unifying framework for representing the spatiotemporal variations of epidemic development by tracking the movements of each individual.Using this model,we reproduce the infection curves for COVID-19 cases in different areas globally and find the local dynamics and heterogeneity at the individual level that affect the disease outbreak.The macroscopic trend of virus spreading is clearly illustrated from the microscopic perspective,enabling a quantitative assessment of different interventions.Seemingly,this model is also applicable to studying stochastic processes at the “meter scale”,e.g.,human society’s collective dynamics.

Influence of network structure on spreading dynamics via tie range

There are various phenomena of malicious information spreading in the real society, which cause many negative impacts on the society. In order to better control the spreading, it is crucial to reveal the influence of network structure on network spreading. Motifs, as fundamental structures within a network, play a significant role in spreading. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the influence of the structural characteristics of basic network motifs on spreading dynamics.Considering the edges of the basic network motifs in an undirected network correspond to different tie ranges, two edge removal strategies are proposed, short ties priority removal strategy and long ties priority removal strategy. The tie range represents the second shortest path length between two connected nodes. The study focuses on analyzing how the proposed strategies impact network spreading and network structure, as well as examining the influence of network structure on network spreading. Our findings indicate that the long ties priority removal strategy is most effective in controlling network spreading, especially in terms of spread range and spread velocity. In terms of network structure, the clustering coefficient and the diameter of network also have an effect on the network spreading, and the triangular structure as an important motif structure effectively inhibits the spreading.

Possible Cortical Spreading Depression Recorded Intraoperatively Following a Generalized Seizure: Illustrative Case

Background: We present a compelling case fitting the phenomenon of cortical spreading depression detected by intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) following an intraoperative seizure during a craniotomy for revascularization. Cortical spreading depression (CSD, also called cortical spreading depolarization) is a pathophysiological phenomenon whereby a wave of depolarization is thought to propagate across the cerebral cortex, creating a brief period of relative neuronal inactivity. The relationship between CSD and seizures is unclear, although some literature has made a correlation between seizures and a cortical environment conducive to CSD. Methods: Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and electroencephalography (EEG) were monitored continuously during the craniotomy procedure utilizing standard montages. Electrophysiological data from pre-ictal, ictal, and post-ictal periods were recorded. Results: During the procedure, intraoperative EEG captured a generalized seizure followed by a stepwise decrease in somatosensory evoked potential cortical amplitudes, compelling for the phenomenon of CSD. The subsequent partial recovery of neuronal function was also captured electrophysiologically. Discussion: While CSD is considered controversial in some aspects, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring allowed for the unique analysis of a case demonstrating a CSD-like phenomenon. To our knowledge, this is the first published example of this phenomenon in which intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring captured a seizure, along with a stepwise subsequent reduction in SSEP cortical amplitudes not explained by other variables.

DiriNet:An Estimation Network for Spectral Response Function and Point Spread Function

Hyper-and multi-spectral image fusion is an important technology to produce hyper-spectral and hyper-resolution images,which always depends on the spectral response function andthe point spread function.However,few works have been payed on the estimation of the two degra-dation functions.To learn the two functions from image pairs to be fused,we propose a Dirichletnetwork,where both functions are properly constrained.Specifically,the spatial response function isconstrained with positivity,while the Dirichlet distribution along with a total variation is imposedon the point spread function.To the best of our knowledge,the neural network and the Dirichlet regularization are exclusively investigated,for the first time,to estimate the degradation functions.Both image degradation and fusion experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of theproposed Dirichlet network.

Bearing Capacity Analysis of Spread Footing on Massif in the “Corniche Ouest” of the Dakar Peninsula (Senegal, West Africa)

This study presents various approaches to calculating the bearing capacity of spread footings applied to the rock mass of the western corniche at the tip of the Dakar peninsula. The bearing capacity was estimated using empirical, analytical and numerical approaches based on the parameters of the rock mass and the foundation. Laboratory tests were carried out on basanite, as well as on the other facies detected. The results of these studies give a range of allowable bearing capacity values varying between 1.92 and 11.39 MPa for the empirical methods and from 7.13 to 25.50 MPa for the analytical methods. A wide dispersion of results was observed according to the different approaches. This dispersion of results is explained by the use of different rock parameters depending on the method used. The allowable bearing capacity results obtained with varying approaches of calculation remain admissible to support the loads. On the other hand, the foundation calculations show acceptable settlement of the order of a millimeter for all the layers, especially in the thin clay layers resting on the bedrock at shallow depths, where the rigidity of the rock reduces settlement.

Physics-constrained deep-inverse point spread function model:toward non-line-of-sight imaging reconstruction

Non-line-of-sight(NLOS)imaging has emerged as a prominent technique for reconstructing obscured objects from images that undergo multiple diffuse reflections.This imaging method has garnered significant attention in diverse domains,including remote sensing,rescue operations,and intelligent driving,due to its wide-ranging potential applications.Nevertheless,accurately modeling the incident light direction,which carries energy and is captured by the detector amidst random diffuse reflection directions,poses a considerable challenge.This challenge hinders the acquisition of precise forward and inverse physical models for NLOS imaging,which are crucial for achieving high-quality reconstructions.In this study,we propose a point spread function(PSF)model for the NLOS imaging system utilizing ray tracing with random angles.Furthermore,we introduce a reconstruction method,termed the physics-constrained inverse network(PCIN),which establishes an accurate PSF model and inverse physical model by leveraging the interplay between PSF constraints and the optimization of a convolutional neural network.The PCIN approach initializes the parameters randomly,guided by the constraints of the forward PSF model,thereby obviating the need for extensive training data sets,as required by traditional deep-learning methods.Through alternating iteration and gradient descent algorithms,we iteratively optimize the diffuse reflection angles in the PSF model and the neural network parameters.The results demonstrate that PCIN achieves efficient data utilization by not necessitating a large number of actual ground data groups.Moreover,the experimental findings confirm that the proposed method effectively restores the hidden object features with high accuracy.

水下舰艇扩频通信体制研究

水下舰艇通信采用的水声通信方式在长距离传输中信号衰减严重,且因为隐蔽性需求信号功率受限,叠加受到多径干扰和海洋背景噪声干扰,通信误码率较高。为此,提出水下舰艇扩频通信体制研究。设计扩频通信体制,利用扩频通信体制拓宽传输带宽,提升远距离衰减下的通信信噪比;采用类白噪声的伪随机码m序列和OPS序列作为扩频码组建编码序列集,解决白噪声干扰、多径干扰和码分多址的问题。测试结果表明:同等条件下,采用m序列的扩频通信结果更优,可以实现-25 dB下误码率低于1%的可靠通信。经过该方法调制后,剔除了噪声干扰和多径干扰,增强了衰减的高频信号,解决了水下通信远距离衰减、多径干扰、背景噪声干扰等问题。

基于正交信道的双M-ary扩频通信方案

针对传统系统中伪码资源缺乏以及同步实现较困难等方面的问题,提出一种新的双M-ary扩频通信系统方案,该系统采用两条正交支路传输信息,其中在同相支路上采用M-ary双正交扩频调制,在正交支路上采用CPSK扩频调制。该方案能够利用信息自身扩频调制准确实现同步,不需要额外提供同步资源。仿真结果表明,它与传统M-ary扩频方案性能相一致,但在传输比特信息时,它只需约四分之一的传统M-ary扩频的条数,有效地节省了扩频码资源。

一种基于M-ary支持向量机的功率变换器故障分类方法

针对功率变换器开关管的故障诊断和定位问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法优化的M-ary支持向量机故障分类方法。该方法以类内类间距离为判据,通过遗传算法来确定与故障本身有关的较优故障编码,然后建立优化后的M-ary支持向量机模型来对功率变换器进行故障诊断和定位。仿真和物理实验结果表明,基于遗传算法优化后的M-ary支持向量机与标准M-ary支持向量机相比,具有更高的诊断精度;与常用的一对一支持向量机和一对多支持向量机相比,需要的子分类器数目少,诊断速度快。

双圈图的Laplace spread

图的Laplace spread定义为图的最大Laplace特征值与次小Laplace特征值之差.利用多项式函数的性质,得到了具有最大Laplace spread的双圈图.

基于正交循环码的M-ary扩频解扩新算法及FPGA实现

针对基于正交循环码M-ary扩频解扩算法消耗硬件资源较多的问题,提出一种以折叠匹配滤波器为基础的算法及FPGA实现方案。选择合适的计算时钟,算法使用6个加法器和4个乘法器即可实现非相干解扩,比传统相关解扩算法节省资源,两者消耗资源之比随进制数M的增加而降低。实验结果证明了算法的正确性和有效性。

多径干扰下一种双M-ary正交信道扩频通信系统的仿真

为了考察双M-ary正交信道扩频通信方式的抗多径干扰的能力,本文研究了在IQ正交信道上采用双M-ary扩频通信的系统方案;分析了其在多径干扰下的性能,并给出了理论分析和详尽的Simulink仿真。结果表明:该系统在白噪声信道情况下具有良好的性能,其高频带利用率此时得到了体现,但是其受多径干扰的影响较大。因此在实际的使用中,必须加入纠检错模块来提高其抗多径干扰的能力。

一种新的MM-aryM编码结构和解调方法

该文在研究多重准正交扩频码组构造方法的基础上,提出了构造多重准正交扩频码组的改进方法,提出了基于位置映射的一种新的调制结构和解调方法。采用新的码字分组方法和位置映射,将准正交码字的解调变成正交码字解调的组合,从而获得较好的解调性能。分析和仿真表明该方法可以明显减小接收端的计算复杂度,并且可以提高信息传送速率,降低误码率。

中性风在中低纬Spread-F中的作用

讨论了中低纬度电离层F区中有碰撞的Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的线性增长率,着重考察背景中性风对增长率的影响,首先建立了适合于描述中低纬地区R-T不稳定性的基本方程,其中包括背景中性风和电场。在此基础上导出了色散关系和不稳定性增长率γ。结果表明,γ随纬度增加而逐渐减小,虽然东西方向和垂直向下的中性风分量有利于不稳定性增长,但在比30度更高的纬度,正常的背景中性风很难使γ为正值,除非存在合适的东西方向电场,亦即电场在中纬度Spread F的形成方面起着重要的作用。文中还根据比较合乎实际的电离层电子密度分布模式估算了线性增长率γ的季节变化。

用纠错编码改进的M-ary支持向量机多类分类算法

针对M-ary支持向量机(SVM)多类分类算法结构简单,但泛化能力较弱的特点,提出了与纠错编码理论相结合的改进的M-ary SVM算法。首先,将原始类别信息编码作为信息码;然后结合纠错编码理论及期望的纠错能力,产生一定程度上性能最佳的编码,作为分类器训练的依据;最后,对于识别阶段输出编码中的错误分类利用检错纠错原理进行校正。实验结果表明,改进的算法通过引入尽可能少的冗余子分类器增强了标准M-ary SVM多类分类算法的性能。