弹塑性变形对钢中磁巴克豪森噪声响应的影响

针对弹塑性行为对铁磁材料磁巴克豪森噪声(MBN)效应的影响,基于准静态单轴拉伸试验,对比研究了3种典型碳钢弹塑性阶段的应力-应变关系与MBN特征值之间的关联性,并对材料损伤位置进行了快速MBN表征。试验结果表明:含碳量对MBN信号具有较大影响,随着拉伸应力增加,MBN信号显著增强,在弹性临界点达到峰值形成饱和;进入塑性变形阶段后,MBN信号变化平缓但总体下降,固溶强化可进一步提高磁畴壁运动阻力,导致MBN信号降低更快直至断裂;应力卸载后,试样表面MBN特征值最低位置与断裂部位基本一致。

生物炭和秸秆还田对华北农田玉米生育期土壤微生物量的影响

基于华北农田长期定位试验,研究了长期施用生物炭和秸秆还田对整个玉米生育期内土壤微生物量的影响。试验共设4个处理:CK(单施氮磷钾肥)、C1(生物炭4.5 t·hm-2·a-1+氮磷钾肥)、C2(生物炭9.0 t·hm-2·a-1+氮磷钾肥)和SR(秸秆还田+氮磷钾肥)。结果表明,各处理土壤微生物量碳、氮(MBC、MBN)动态变化趋势基本一致,均在玉米拔节期达到最高值,施用生物炭和秸秆还田均显著提高了土壤MBC、MBN含量(P<0.05),并且随着施炭量的增加而增加。与CK相比,C1、C2和SR处理的土壤MBC和MBN分别提高了105.2%、146.5%、96.4%和123.9%、183.6%、114.3%;与秸秆直接还田相比,施用高量生物炭更有利于增加土壤MBC、MBN含量。土壤MBC、MBN均与土壤温度呈现显著的正相关关系,而与土壤水分的相关性较差,说明在玉米生育期土壤温度是影响土壤微生物量变化的主要因素之一。施用生物炭显著降低了MBC、MBN的季节波动,而对土壤微生物量碳氮比(MBC/MBN)没有显著影响。综上所述,施用生物炭更有利于维持较高的微生物活性和较稳定的土壤环境。

稻鸭与稻鱼生态系统土壤微生物量N和土壤酶活性动态

在一个水稻生长季节,采用田间采样与室内分析的方法,利用氯仿熏蒸培养法、苯酚钠比色法、TTC比色法、高锰酸钾滴定法和茚三酮比色法测定和研究了稻鸭与稻鱼生态系统稻田土壤微生物量N(MBN)和土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性的动态变化,及其与土壤养分和水稻吸N量的相关性。结果表明,(1)随着水稻的生长,土壤微生物量N表现为先上升随后下降,于成熟期有所回升趋势;土壤微生物量N与土壤速效N、全N和全P不相关;由于水稻与微生物对养分的竞争,土壤微生物量N与水稻吸N量不相关;稻田养鸭,养鱼显著地提高了土壤微生物量N。(2)土壤脲酶、脱氢酶和蛋白酶活性都表现出先上升后下降趋势,而过氧化氢酶活性变化不大;稻鸭与稻鱼共作显著地提高了土壤脲酶、脱氢酶和蛋白酶活性,而对过氧化氢酶活性影响不大;线性相关分析表明,在一个稻季内,土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性与土壤速效N负相关,土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性与土壤全N和全P不相关;土壤脲酶、脱氢酶和蛋白酶活性与水稻吸N量呈显著相关。(3)稻田土壤微生物量N与土壤酶不相关。

川西北高寒草地沙化过程中土壤氮素变化特征

草地沙化是我国最严重的环境问题之一,但关于草地沙化过程中氮素变化特征的研究报道多集中于干旱半干旱地区,而半湿润地区的相关报道还比较缺乏。通过野外调查,研究了川西北半湿润地区高寒沙质草地沙化过程中土壤氮素变化特征。结果表明,草地沙化对0—100cm土层土壤氮素具有显著影响,全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮(NH_4^+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3^--N)和微生物量氮(MBN)均呈现极显著下降的变化特征,极度沙化阶段较未沙化阶段分别减少了73.95%、77.72%、76.75%、79.77%和84.12%。其中,0—20cm土层变化最显著,全氮、碱解氮、NH_4^+-N、NO_3^--N和MBN含量分别减少了86.43%、83.52%、82.11%、88.82%和91.77%。随着土层深度增加,不同程度沙化草地土壤氮素含量及其变化量逐渐减少;草地沙化过程中,不同沙化阶段土壤氮素损失数量不尽相同,其中,以轻度沙化阶段氮素损失最严重,全氮、碱解氮、NH_4^+-N、NO-3-N和MBN含量分别降低了41.18%、35.17%、46.74%、43.46%和46.88%。草地沙化过程中,土壤全氮、碱解氮、NH_4^+-N、NO_3^--N和MBN含量与土壤粉粒、粘粒含量和植被群落盖度均呈极显著正相关特征,与土壤沙粒含量呈极显著负相关特征。研究区土壤氮素损失与风蚀选择性吹蚀土壤粉粒、粘粒及地表植物覆盖状况逐渐变差密切相关,因此该区域治沙的关键是采取措施降低风蚀对地表土壤吹蚀作用,提高沙化草地地表植被覆盖。同时,还应及时对沙化前期阶段及潜在沙化的草地进行生态治理,从而避免草地沙化继续恶化。

华北平原4种主要农作物非根际和根际土壤活性碳氮和酶活性特征

以两种豆科作物(大豆和花生)和两种非豆科作物(玉米和甘薯)为研究对象,对比研究不同作物非根际土和根际土无机氮、微生物量碳氮含量及与活性碳氮转化有关的酶活性的季节变化特征.结果表明:不同生长期内豆科作物根际土铵态氮和硝态氮含量显著高于非豆科作物;玉米生长季内非根际土硝态氮含量显著高于根际土,其他3种作物非根际土硝态氮含量小于根际土;4种作物根际土微生物量碳(MBC)含量显著高于非根际土,根际土微生物量氮(MBN)在苗期显著高于非根际土;作物非根际土铵态氮与硝态氮和蔗糖酶存在显著负相关关系;非根际土硝态氮与蔗糖酶、脲酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性存在显著正相关关系;根际土铵态氮和硝态氮与MBC,MBN、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶都存在显著正相关关系.

基于多基数系统的有效标量乘算法

首先给出了椭圆曲线上点P的7倍点公式7P,当[i]/[m]=6时,它比直接计算节省运算量7.4%～30.56%。作为双基数系统的一个推广,多基数系统具有标量表示长度更短、汉明重量更小的特点,较适用于椭圆曲线标量乘的快速计算。结合以上给出的公式,提出了一个以2,3和7作为基底的多基数系统计算椭圆曲线标量乘的有效算法,所提方法计算量更少。

LS-SVM算法在无缝线路锁定轨温检测中的应用

提出一种改进的基于磁巴克豪森噪声(MBN)技术的无缝线路实际锁定轨温检测方法。该方法使用MBN技术检测钢轨温度应力,使用轨温计检测表面轨温,并采用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)算法建立线路的钢轨温度应力随钢轨表面轨温与实际锁定轨温差值变化的预测模型,最后将预测模型得到的温差和钢轨的表面轨温用于计算实际锁定轨温。通过对河北保定的一段无缝线路进行钢轨温度应力及表面轨温检测,证明该方法能提高检测的精度。

基于MBN检测的励磁控制及波形校正

在MBN无损检测中,励磁强度和波形会受到多种因素影响。基于MBN检测标准化及不同MBN检测系统结果直接对比的需求;从系统设计角度,基于MATLAB/Simulink进行PID负反馈控制系统设计;对MBN检测进行励磁强度稳定控制和波形畸变校正,并且实施了计算机动态仿真实验。MBN检测系统为一阶系统,设定输入和输出信号确定系统参数;在输出端设定谐波分量来模拟波形畸变,进行励磁波形畸变校正;设定励磁强度增大到初始值1.4倍和减小到0.6倍,进行励磁强度稳定控制。仿真结果表明:应用PID控制器可以有效抑制高次谐波降低波形畸变率,并且可对励磁强度进行无静态误差的稳定控制。

Voice over ADSL技术

在宽带接入技术飞速发展的今天,ADSL等接入方式已经成为用户接入Internet的重要途径。除了宽带上网这一应用外,我们也意识到,通过ADSL承载语音也具有广阔的市场前景,与此同时,Voice over ADSL也将是传统电信网络向下一代网络(NGN)过渡的途径之一。在本文中,根据Voice承载于ADSL中的不同层,Voice over ADSL可以有不同的解决方案,分别是Voice over ATM的BLES解决方案,Voice over IP的MBN解决方案基于IDM的信道化语音(Channelized Voice)解决方案。

Establishment of Ecotilling for Discovery of DNA Polymorphisms in Brassica rapa Natural Population

Ecotilling is a new approach based on enzyme-mediated heteroduplex cleavage to discover DNA polymorphisms in natural population. We used mung bean nuclease（MBN） instead of routinely used CELI to cleave single base pair mismatches in heteroduplex DNA templates. Nested set of primers were designed to amplify targeted region to avoid the influence of the variation in quality and quantity of the genomic DNA. To reduce the costs in fluorescently labeled primers, we added M13 adapter to 5＇end of gene specific primers to make IRD dye labeled M13 forward and reverse primers possibly universal for different genes. A Brassica rapa ZIP gene homologue was subjected to the analysis to practise the feasibility of the method in polymorphisms detection. Our experiment showed this method is efficient in discovering DNA polymorphisms in Brassica rapa natural population.

分子复合聚合物复鞣剂MBN

根据超分子科学原理 ,使带阴电荷的共聚物 MA- AA与带阳电荷的 12 31进行分子复合 ,制备具有超分子结构的聚合物复鞣剂 MBN。由于结构的独特性 ,经成革试验表明 ,它具有优良的复鞣效果。

Effects of Different Cropping Patterns of Soybean and Maize Seedlings on Soil Enzyme Activities and MBC and MBN

Through the pot experiment, the effects of different cropping patterns of soybean and maize seedlings on rhizosphere soil urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and invertase activities and microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and nitrogen （MBN） were studied. Six treatments of soybean-soybean, soybean-maize, soybean-mixed, maize-soybean, maize-maize and maize-mixed were conducted in pots. Results showed that catalase activity and invertase activity of maize-maize were the highest and significantly different from those of the other treatments except maize-soybean; soil polyphenol oxidase activity of soybean-maize was the highest, and reached significant level among the other treatments, but there was no significant difference of urease activity among treatment soils; MBC of maize-maize soil and MBN of maize-mixed soil reached the highest and significant levels compared with other treatments; MBC and C/N ratio had positive and very significant correlations with soil catalase activity and invertase activity, respectively. Therefore, different cropping patterns could affect rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and soil MBC and MBN, which influenced soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization.

Caution to Apply Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Method to Nondestructive Evaluation of Plastic Deformation in Some Ferromagnetic Materials

Magnetic Barkhausen Noise(MBN) method is known as an effective nondestructive evaluation(NDE) method for evaluation of residual stress in ferromagnetic materials. Some studies on the feasibility of the MBN method for NDE of residual strains were also conducted and found applicable. However, these studies are mainly focused on the state of residual strains which were introduced through a one-cycle-loading process. In practice, however, structures may suffer from an unpredictable and complicated loading history, i.e., the final state of plastic strain may be induced by several times of large loads. Whether the loading history has influences on MBN signals or not is of great importance for the practical application of the MBN method. In this paper, several ferromagnetic specimens with the same final state of residual strain but of different loading history were fabricated and inspected by using a MBN testing system. The experimental results reveal that the loading history has a significant influence on the detected MBN signals especially for a residual strain in range less than 1%, which doubts the feasibility to apply the MBN method simply in the practical environment. In addition, micro-observations on the magnetic domain structures of the plastic damaged specimens were also carried out to clarify the influence mechanism of loading history on the MBN signals.

Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Profile Analysis: Effect of Excitation Field Strength and Detection Coil Sensitivity in Case Carburized Steel

The sensitivity of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) profile to changes in the excitation field strength and the number of turns of the detection coil was investigated in inhomogeneous material. Generally, the 0.5 mm case depth EN 36 steel specimen shows a double peak profile indicative of inhomogeneity through the detected depth the magnetized landscape. Various excitation field amplitudes were applied to the specimen and the induced MBN emission was analyzed for each magnetizing current. Excitation field at the lowest level induced an MBN emission of two peaks of equivalent heights. The first peak occurs at lower field than the second peak in the magnetization period. As the excitation field increased, the height of both peaks increased but the second peak increased in a higher rate than that of the first peak. Beyond certain excitation level, both peaks began to saturate and no increase in the MBN intensity was observed with increased excitation field strength. However, peak position and the number of Barkhausen events, indicated linearly as a function of the applied field strength. The experiment also establishes that the number of turns in the detection coil is important parameter which controls the height of the first peak. Low field peak height increases as the number of turn of the detection coil increases. The results indicate that the potential difference applied to the electromagnet and the sensitivity of the detection coil, determine the MBN profile characteristics.

Characterization of Welding Induced Anisotropy in Steel by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Residual stress continues to be important issues in shipbuilding. This paper demonstrates how the heat affected zone that results from welding could be identified nondestructively using MBN （magnetic Barkhausen noise） technique. A stress concentration region was created by placing a weld bead on a marine steel plate used in ship construction. MBN measurements were made on the back surface of the welded plate along the weld direction and perpendicular to it in a line that crosses the weld bead. The stress distribution as deduced from the MBN measurements was found to be anisotropic in the material of the heat affected zone. The heat induced anisotropy was completely eliminated by shot peening the HAZ material as revealed by MBN intensity. It was concluded that the directional MBN measurements could be used to characterize the induced anisotropy and hence assess the thermal residual stresses distribution near a localized stresses concentration regions imposed by welding.

Magnetic Technique Estimation of Weld Residual Stress Failure Due to Tensile Loading

In Nigeria, most welding activities are carried out by road side welders, majority of this welders are ignorant of weld residual stress and its adverse effect on weldment. Residual stress (RS) measuring device is vital in the measurement of inherent stresses in material. The aim of this research was to employ proof of principle in analyzing the weld residual stresses in a material. This was achieved by measuring samples with magnetic residual stress device and then subjecting the weld samples to mechanical tensile test with hope that materials with more residual stresses fail first. Finally the result from both procedures was compared to establish a relationship. Four (4) pieces of mild steel coupons measuring 100 × 40 × 3 mm were welded, producing two specimens, A11 and B11 of 200 × 40 × 3 mm, respectively. The specimens were measured using the Magnetic device developed and 37 signals were obtained per specimen, thereafter, the welded specimens were subjected to tensile testing and results analyzed. From the results obtained, Specimen A11 was observed to have the highest signal peak at the weld zone with RS signal of 20.3983 mV compared to B11 with 19.358 mV. While under tensile loading, it took 1.63 kN to cause failure to specimen A11 and 8.65 kN for specimen B11. From this simple experiment, it implies that the Magnetic RS device was able to mimic the behavior of residual stress and also predicted that A11 would fail first.

钢的硬度对磁巴克豪森噪声检测参数的影响

研究了钢的硬度对磁巴克豪森噪声（ＭＢＮ）检测参数的影响规律．得出了一个反映这一规律的经验公式．其系数可用实验数据的线性回归或图解法求得．所得关系对残余应力的定量检测和巴克豪森效应测量有重要意义．

Effect of Barkhausen Detection Distance in Cold and Temper Rolled Low Carbon Steels: A Novel Approach

In this paper, a novel arrangement for magnetic Barkhausen noise detection is introduced. Measurements have been performed using two low carbon steel plates of 1 mm thickness. The measurements were conducted along the rolling and the transverse directions. The new arrangement includes a displacement of the detection coil in predetermined steps in while the magnetizing yoke is kept stationary introducing a cyclic magnetization in the rolling direction and transverse to it. In general, the intensity of the Barkhausen signals decreased as a function of coil displacement in both plates. In the temper rolled plate, Barkhausen noise profile shape changed from a single peak to a double peak one when coil has been displaced by 5 mm away in both magnetizing directions. Peaks are more apparent while magnetizing in the transverse direction. The appearance of two peaks profile in the temper rolled plate may be attributed to two stages of magnetization taking place at different times as a function of the applied field. Magnetization in the transverse direction results in a partition of the internal magnetizations into two main components perpendicular to each other. The internal components of magnetization involve the magnetic easy axes in the rolling direction and the forced magnetization in the transverse direction due to the applied field. Another assumption to interpret the findings may be due to the internal demagnetization field in the soft material below surface. The findings support this assumption in such a way that the demagnetizing field is strong enough in the transverse direction than in the rolling direction. This assumption is supported by the experiment on cold rolled plate. In the cold rolled plate, the resultant MBN profiles are composed of one peak throughout the test due to high dislocation density and hence a very weak demagnetizing field.

中科大洋韩国MBN媒资项目正式上线

日前，在韩国首尔举办的第十八届KOBA2008展会上，中科大洋公司宣布，此前中标的韩国MBN媒资归档中心项目，已顺利完成部署，并正式上线运行。

Variation of Ecostoichiometric Ratios of Soil Microbes in Zhoushan Forest Park

Taking surrounding woodland soils of Cedrus deodara(Roxb.)G.Don,Prunus ceraifera cv.Pissardii,Ginkgo biloba L.and Ligustrum lucidum in Zhoushan Forest Park of Henan Province as the research objects,the physicochemical properties of sample plots were investigated,and the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and total soil nutrients were determined.The results showed that the carbon-nitrogen ratios and carbon–phosphorus ratios were 8.0-11.4 and 17.1-25.3,respectively;the percentages of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were 2.84%-5.1%,2.69%-4.44%and 2.19%-5.62%,respectively.The carbon–nitrogen ratio and carbon-phosphorus ratio of P.ceraifera,G.biloba and L.lucidum forests were signifi cantly lower than that of C.deodara forest(P<0.05).The MBC/SOC,MBN/TN and MBP/TP ratios of G.biloba forest were the highest,which had signifi cant difference with those of other tree species(P<0.05).The contents of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus were extremely or signifi cantly correlated with SOC,TN,TP,tree species and human disturbance,but had no correlation with soil pH,slope,slope direction,etc.Tree species and human disturbance also significantly affected the physical and chemical properties closely related to soil microbial biomass.