采用CMT(Cold Metal Transfer)焊接工艺对1.8mm厚MnE21挤压镁合金型材进行焊接试验,利用扫描电微镜、万能拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和显微硬度仪等分析测试设备对焊接接头的组织、力学性能及端口形貌等进行了分析。试验结果表明:采用CMT...采用CMT(Cold Metal Transfer)焊接工艺对1.8mm厚MnE21挤压镁合金型材进行焊接试验,利用扫描电微镜、万能拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和显微硬度仪等分析测试设备对焊接接头的组织、力学性能及端口形貌等进行了分析。试验结果表明:采用CMT焊接工艺,在焊接电流110A、焊接电压12.4 V、焊接速度600mm/min时,可以获得良好的焊接接头,焊缝区的晶粒明显比热影响区和母材细小,是等轴晶组织。试样抗拉强度达到176.5MPa,断裂位置发生在热影响区,具有脆韧混合断裂特征。焊缝区的平均硬度值为77HV,高于母材和热影响区。展开更多
China attracted a record of US$52.7× 10^9 in foreign direct investment （FDI） in the year 2002, surpassing the United States to become the world＇s largest FDI recipient. China＇s success in attracting FDI has r...China attracted a record of US$52.7× 10^9 in foreign direct investment （FDI） in the year 2002, surpassing the United States to become the world＇s largest FDI recipient. China＇s success in attracting FDI has received significant attention from academics. Several theoretical approaches have been developed to explain the determinants of FDI in China. However, it seems to be ignored that China has also become a growing provider of significant FDI to the rest of the world. According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Developlnent （UNCTAD）＇s 2004 report, as a developing country, replacing Japan, China has made the list of the expected top five home countries worldwide for the first time in terms of geographical coverage （2004-2005）. Vietnam is second largest market and another emerging transition tiger in Southeast Asia. Both China and Vietnam were and are experiencing transitions from centrally planned economy to free market economy. This paper, therefore, attempts to explore the development of Chinese investment in Vietnam, analysing the main motives for, and characteristics of, Chinese Multinational Enterprises＇ （MNEs） investment in Vietnam.展开更多
Nowadays, hundreds of companies operate internationally. Increase with internationalism, multinational companies need to consider their local/host country cultureimpact on the countries they operate within, and cultur...Nowadays, hundreds of companies operate internationally. Increase with internationalism, multinational companies need to consider their local/host country cultureimpact on the countries they operate within, and cultural values that exist. It involves MNEs and global companies which are operating broadly to adjust and apply new policies, practices and procedures to fit different culture over the countries. However, there are likely to have some failure and challenges at international level of the company due to differences between the countries. Culture has a significant influence on international HR practices and the manner in which management problems and situations are seen. So, this has been justified that similar human resource practices may not result in same outcome in different context of cultural diversity. Therefore, this essay intent to demonstrate how cultural differences impact on international HR practices, particularly performance appraisal as well as recruitment and selection orocess.展开更多
China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates t...China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates the patterns and determinants of China＇s outward FDI from 2001 to 2008 for its seven major destinations. Tobit and multiple regression analyses indicate that early Chinese FDI in 2001 and 2002 is concentrated in the labor-intensive industries in Asia, like those of early Japanese FDI in the early 1970s as well as those of Korean FDI in 1990s. The results also indicate that non-production oriented manufacturers invested in North America, in order to seek for market cultivation, technological advance, R＆D skills, and name brands. We also found that the central state-owned enterprises are the key FDI players in the continents with locational disadvantages展开更多
The research investigates the role of managerial competences （MC） and knowledge dynamics for effective knowledge transfer （EKT） in an international market during the Greek economic crisis of 2007-2010. Like other ...The research investigates the role of managerial competences （MC） and knowledge dynamics for effective knowledge transfer （EKT） in an international market during the Greek economic crisis of 2007-2010. Like other economies, Greece faced a serious recession in 2009, which submerged the country into a major funding crisis and resulted in austerity measures. A Troika fund was obtained with the aim of precluding Greece from economic failure. The paper focuses on the managers＇ perspectives as to how new products and local opportunities are exploited via EKT in subsidiaries of multinational enterprise （/VINE） hotels operating in Athens, Greece. Semi-structured interviews with 15 general managers and practitioners of subsidiaries operating in Athens are used representing a range of different activities and sizes. The results identify how managerial communication competences underpin the process of inter- or intra-organizational KT between and within subsidiaries. The research highlights that there is a call to cultivate communication abilities, flexibility, a greater level of autonomy, and open door strategies with the purpose of turning knowledge into commercial ends, through organizational innovation and new product developments. Recently, there has been little focus on the practice influence of managerial and communication skills on the management of MNEs hotels in a competitive host country, of most previous studies estimating the call for competences rather than the genuine owning of these among managers and practitioners. This article sheds the light on a great number of promising activities to utilize inter/intra-organizational KT. Specifically, the managerial communication competences model operates as an initial toolkit for managerial decision-making when facing severe competition in the host country in terms of utilizing, communicating, or seeking to apply the best internal/external KT practices.展开更多
Multinational enterprises(MNEs)make investment decisions according to the distance factors at a sub-national level.This paper made estimates using the gravity model with provincial foreign direct investment(FDI)data f...Multinational enterprises(MNEs)make investment decisions according to the distance factors at a sub-national level.This paper made estimates using the gravity model with provincial foreign direct investment(FDI)data from 2000 to 2012 and employed three concepts of distance.Our emprical results indicate that geographic distance and cultural distance have significant negative effects on FDI flow,whereas economic distance has a significant positive effect.It suggests that FDI prefers to locate in regions that are geographically and culturally close but economically distant from the home country,which further implies that FDI in China is dominated by vertical FDI.Our findings suggest that Chinese provincial governments should place emphasis on attracting FDI from culturally close countries and provide institutional support to encourage and promote horizontal FDI.展开更多
文摘采用CMT(Cold Metal Transfer)焊接工艺对1.8mm厚MnE21挤压镁合金型材进行焊接试验,利用扫描电微镜、万能拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和显微硬度仪等分析测试设备对焊接接头的组织、力学性能及端口形貌等进行了分析。试验结果表明:采用CMT焊接工艺,在焊接电流110A、焊接电压12.4 V、焊接速度600mm/min时,可以获得良好的焊接接头,焊缝区的晶粒明显比热影响区和母材细小,是等轴晶组织。试样抗拉强度达到176.5MPa,断裂位置发生在热影响区,具有脆韧混合断裂特征。焊缝区的平均硬度值为77HV,高于母材和热影响区。
基金Under the auspices of the University of Melbourne
文摘China attracted a record of US$52.7× 10^9 in foreign direct investment （FDI） in the year 2002, surpassing the United States to become the world＇s largest FDI recipient. China＇s success in attracting FDI has received significant attention from academics. Several theoretical approaches have been developed to explain the determinants of FDI in China. However, it seems to be ignored that China has also become a growing provider of significant FDI to the rest of the world. According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Developlnent （UNCTAD）＇s 2004 report, as a developing country, replacing Japan, China has made the list of the expected top five home countries worldwide for the first time in terms of geographical coverage （2004-2005）. Vietnam is second largest market and another emerging transition tiger in Southeast Asia. Both China and Vietnam were and are experiencing transitions from centrally planned economy to free market economy. This paper, therefore, attempts to explore the development of Chinese investment in Vietnam, analysing the main motives for, and characteristics of, Chinese Multinational Enterprises＇ （MNEs） investment in Vietnam.
文摘Nowadays, hundreds of companies operate internationally. Increase with internationalism, multinational companies need to consider their local/host country cultureimpact on the countries they operate within, and cultural values that exist. It involves MNEs and global companies which are operating broadly to adjust and apply new policies, practices and procedures to fit different culture over the countries. However, there are likely to have some failure and challenges at international level of the company due to differences between the countries. Culture has a significant influence on international HR practices and the manner in which management problems and situations are seen. So, this has been justified that similar human resource practices may not result in same outcome in different context of cultural diversity. Therefore, this essay intent to demonstrate how cultural differences impact on international HR practices, particularly performance appraisal as well as recruitment and selection orocess.
文摘China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates the patterns and determinants of China＇s outward FDI from 2001 to 2008 for its seven major destinations. Tobit and multiple regression analyses indicate that early Chinese FDI in 2001 and 2002 is concentrated in the labor-intensive industries in Asia, like those of early Japanese FDI in the early 1970s as well as those of Korean FDI in 1990s. The results also indicate that non-production oriented manufacturers invested in North America, in order to seek for market cultivation, technological advance, R＆D skills, and name brands. We also found that the central state-owned enterprises are the key FDI players in the continents with locational disadvantages
文摘The research investigates the role of managerial competences （MC） and knowledge dynamics for effective knowledge transfer （EKT） in an international market during the Greek economic crisis of 2007-2010. Like other economies, Greece faced a serious recession in 2009, which submerged the country into a major funding crisis and resulted in austerity measures. A Troika fund was obtained with the aim of precluding Greece from economic failure. The paper focuses on the managers＇ perspectives as to how new products and local opportunities are exploited via EKT in subsidiaries of multinational enterprise （/VINE） hotels operating in Athens, Greece. Semi-structured interviews with 15 general managers and practitioners of subsidiaries operating in Athens are used representing a range of different activities and sizes. The results identify how managerial communication competences underpin the process of inter- or intra-organizational KT between and within subsidiaries. The research highlights that there is a call to cultivate communication abilities, flexibility, a greater level of autonomy, and open door strategies with the purpose of turning knowledge into commercial ends, through organizational innovation and new product developments. Recently, there has been little focus on the practice influence of managerial and communication skills on the management of MNEs hotels in a competitive host country, of most previous studies estimating the call for competences rather than the genuine owning of these among managers and practitioners. This article sheds the light on a great number of promising activities to utilize inter/intra-organizational KT. Specifically, the managerial communication competences model operates as an initial toolkit for managerial decision-making when facing severe competition in the host country in terms of utilizing, communicating, or seeking to apply the best internal/external KT practices.
文摘Multinational enterprises(MNEs)make investment decisions according to the distance factors at a sub-national level.This paper made estimates using the gravity model with provincial foreign direct investment(FDI)data from 2000 to 2012 and employed three concepts of distance.Our emprical results indicate that geographic distance and cultural distance have significant negative effects on FDI flow,whereas economic distance has a significant positive effect.It suggests that FDI prefers to locate in regions that are geographically and culturally close but economically distant from the home country,which further implies that FDI in China is dominated by vertical FDI.Our findings suggest that Chinese provincial governments should place emphasis on attracting FDI from culturally close countries and provide institutional support to encourage and promote horizontal FDI.
