Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

Mg/Ca,Ba/Ca,and S/Ca ratios as environmental and growth proxies for bivalve shells from the Haima cold seep,South China Sea

Bivalve shell fossils,cemented by authigenic carbonates,are widely spread in the Haima cold seep,Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea(SCS).In this study,we examined an element profile of Gigantidas platifrons in the Haima cold seeps at a water depth of 1381 m.Based on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses,the prismatic layer and nacreous layer were identified,which are characterized by prismatic structure and stratified structure,respectively.In addition,the profile can be subdivided into two parts:altered and unaltered zones.Laser inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)mapping shows that the element concentrations of the altered zones were influenced by the authigenic carbonate rocks,whereas the element concentrations of unaltered zones remain stable.In-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses show that the mineral constituent of the prismatic layer is mainly composed of aragonite.Along with the growth profile,Mg/Ca ratios of unaltered zones have minor variations,ranging 0.72-0.97 mmol/mol(mean=0.87 mmol/mol),with estimated temperatures of 3.8-4.1℃,indicating that the temperature of the surrounding seawater remains constant and agree with the measured data of 3.9℃which was conducted by a conductivity-temperature-depth system(CTD).The minor variations of Ba/Ca ratios(0.01-0.06 mmol/mol;mean=0.04 mmol/mol)indicate a relatively stabilized salinity of the surrounding seawater.S/Ca ratios show large variations of 0.04-4.15 mmol/mol(mean=1.37 mmol/mol).S/Ca ratios have regular variations which generally correspond to the variations of the Mg/Ca ratios,highlighting that the S/Ca ratios of bivalve shells show the potential to reflect the growth rate of the Gigantides.However,further studies should be carried out on the understanding of the links between the S/Ca ratios and seepage intensity of cold-seep fluids.

Influence of Ca/P ratio on the catalytic performance of hydroxyapatite for decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid

Methacrylic acid,an important organic chemical,is commercially manufactured starting from fossil feedstock.The decarboxylation of itaconic acid derived for biomass is a green route to the synthesis of methacrylic acid.In view of the problems existing in the researches on this route such as use of noble metal catalyst,harsh reaction conditions and low desired-product yield,we prepared a series of hydroxyapatite catalysts with different Ca/P molar ratios and evaluated their catalytic performance.The results showed that the hydroxyapatite catalyst with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.58 had the best catalytic activity.The highest yield of MAA up to 61.2%was achieved with basically complete conversion of itaconic acid under the suitable reaction conditions of 1 equivalent of NaOH,2 MPa of N_(2),250℃,and 2 h.On this basis,a reaction network for the decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid catalyzed by hydroxyapatite was established.With the aid of catalyst characterization using X-ray powder diffraction,NH3/CO2 temperature-programmed desorption,N_(2)physisorption,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy,we found that the distribution of surface acid sites and basic sites,crystal growth orientation,texture properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite varied with the Ca/P molar ratio.Furthermore,the change of the crystal growth orientation and its influence on the surface acidity and alkalinity were clarified.

Morphotype dependence of Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer Mg/Ca ratios in the western tropical Pacific:implications for reconstructing the mixed-layer depth

Planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer are the most frequently used mixedlayer dwelling species for reconstructing past oceanic environments.Specifically,the Mg/Ca ratios of these two foraminiferal species have been used for reconstructing tropical/subtropical changes in sea surface temperature(SST).However,these two species have different morphotypes,of which the spatial and temporal differences in Mg/Ca ratios and their influencing factors are still unclear.Our objective is to investigate the potential differences between the Mg/Ca ratios of these different morphotypes of G.ruber(white)and T.sacculifer in the western Philippine Sea(WPS)and determine their implications for the reconstruction of SST and upper-ocean structure.Mg/Ca measurements are made on two basic morphotypes of G.ruber(white)[sensu stricto(s.s.)and sensu lato(s.l.)]and T.sacculifer[with(w)and without(w/o)a sac-like final chamber]on samples of Site MD06-3047B from the WPS.Our results reveal that Mg/Ca ratios of different G.ruber morphotypes show consistent differences;and those of T.sacculifer morphotypes show staged variations since MIS 3.It is suggested to select a single morphotype for reconstructing SST changes using the Mg/Ca ratios of G.ruber and T.sacculifer in the WPS.Furthermore,the Mg/Ca ratios between G.ruber s.s.and G.ruber s.l.[Δ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)]downcore MD06-3047B covaries with indexes of summer monsoon.Combining with the core-top results,showing regional variation of differences in theΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)over the western tropical Pacific,we propose thatΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)may tend to reflect summer mixed layer depth.

A 1000-year record of Mg/Li and Li/Ca ratios of ostracod shells in Lake Qinghai,NE Tibetan Plateau

1 Introduction Lake Qinghai,famous as the largest inland saline lake in China,located on the high-altitude northeastern Tibetan Plateau,and four junctional zones of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM),Indian summer monsoon(ISM),East Asian winter monsoon and the westerly jet stream prevail,making it sensitive to global climate change

Coral Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca Ratios as Proxies of Precipitation and Terrestrial Input at the Eastern Offshore Area of Hainan Island

Geochemical ratios in coral reef skeletons could be used as proxies to reconstruct past climatological and environmental records in data-poor regions. Using a 103-year data set(1902 to 2005), the annual variations in Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios of Porites lutea skeletons at an eastern offshore area of Hainan Island(19?12'28.4''N, 110?37'38.8''E) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). The analysis results showed that Ba/Ca ratios varied from a minimum of 3.120 μmol mol^(-1) in 1903 to a maximum of 10.064 μmol mol^(-1) in 1944, with an average of 5.256 μmol mol^(-1). Mn/Ca ratios varied from 0.206 to 5.708 μmol mol^(-1) with an annual average of 1.234 μmol mol^(-1), with peak values in 2001, 1964 and 1932, that correlated with strong rainfall events caused by typhoons. Variation in Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios were compared with available river discharge and precipitation records, providing insight into past climatological events. Human activities and their indirect effects could impact the strength of the relationship between Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios and observed precipitation and terrestrial input in the future.

STUDIES ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT AND PROPER CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS RATIO IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK SEA BREAM(SPARUS MACROCEPHALUS)

An experiment on the phosphorus requirement and the proper Ca/P ratio in the diet of the black sea bream using the phosphorus gradient method (with casein as basic diet, sodium dihydrogen phosphate as source of phosphorus, and calcium lactate as source of calcium) showed that growth was greatly affected by the diet’s phosphorus content and Ca/P ratio. Inadequate phosphorus in the diet resulted in slow growth and poor food conversion ratio (FCR). Analyses of the fish body showed it contained a high level of lipid but a low level of moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus. The optimal values of phosphorus and Ca/P ratio in the black sea bream diet are 0.68% and 1:2 respectively. Phosphorus in excess of this optimum value resulted in slow growth or even death. The results of this experiment clearly indicated that phosphorus is the principal mineral additive affecting black sea bream growth.

基于CA和MAS的哈尔滨城市土地利用变化研究

以哈尔滨市市区为研究对象,通过构建基于多特征的面向对象的分类方法,对区域2000、2010、2015三期Landsat遥感数据进行解译,将土地利用类型结合分辨率特性划分为居民地、水体湿地、林草用地、农田和未利用地五个类别。建模时,利用构建的坡度、坡向、交通、服务设施、河流水域和人口等多个因子,通过Markov模型计算旋转面积矩阵和转化概率矩阵,采用ACO(蚁群优化算法)结合类型转化概率矩阵构建CA(元胞自动机)模型土地利用类型转化规则。然后利用土地规划纲要,采用matlab平台对CA-MAS(多智能体)模型进行集成,进而对CA模型进行修正,最终得到模拟结果,实现模型耦合。最后以2015年基准数据,对2020年城市空间格局进行模拟分析。耦合模型总体精度90.88%,kappa系数0.887,一致性良好,各个地类的也达到较好模拟精度。模型总体精度、各个用户类别精度、模型的一致性和模型具体参量的模拟上均表现突出,表明CA-MAS耦合模型在城市空间格局演化模拟中效果良好,具有一定的应用潜力。

基于EPMA的耳石Sr：Ca比分析及其在鱼类生活履历反演中的应用实例研究

利用基于电子探针(EPMA)的耳石Sr:Ca比和Sr含量分析方法研究了长江口水域刀鲚、凤鲚、带鱼和长吻的生活履历及生活史型。结果发现,刀鲚中除存在淡海水洄游性个体生活史型外,还存在出生并生活于河口或近海的非洄游性个体生活史型,其平均耳石Sr:Ca比在不同水环境履历的基准值为:淡水<2.0×10-3、河口(3.5—6.0)×10-3、海水>6.0×10-3。凤鲚中也有出生并生活于河口水域的个体(4.8×10-3)和出生于河口或近海水域(>7.8×10-3)、周期性地迁徙于二者之间的个体两种生活史型。带鱼(4.9×10-3)和长吻则分别表现出其个体均一的近海和淡水生活史履历。研究结果证实了鱼类耳石内Sr含量水平遵从海水>河口>淡水生活履历这一特征。但受鱼类所经历的水温、盐度等环境史变化及鱼类自身的生理发育状况等因素的影响,耳石内Sr的沉积量水平存在显著的种间或种内差异。这些差异显著的独特元素标识是识别鱼类个体生活履历和重新构建鱼类生活史的重要元素指纹。

葡萄模拟CA及MA贮藏的研究

鲜食葡萄，随着栽培面积的不断扩大和产量的逐渐提高，延长其供应期，提高其经济效益，是葡萄生产面临的主要问题。因此，搞好鲜食葡萄的贮运具有重要意义。发达国家的葡萄贮藏主要是采用ＣＡ和ＭＡ贮藏，通过选用耐贮品种、控制温度和湿度、采用ＳＯ２熏蒸处理，可使葡萄...

双波长双峰值比光度法测定三元配合物组成比的研究——Al^(3+)-CAS-CTMAB体系的组成比

采用双波长双峰值比的新方法,对三元配合物Al-CAS-CTMAB体系的组成比的测定进行了研究。首先用该法确定二元配合物的组成比Al∶CAS为1∶2,再以Al-CAS为参比(作显色剂),测定三元配合物Al-CAS-CTMAB中的CAS与CTMAB(或Al与CTMAB)之比为1∶1(1∶2),所以Al∶CAS∶CTMAB为1∶2∶2。与传统方法测定值一致,获得了满意的结果。进一步拓宽了计算公式的适用范围,确立了测定三元配合物组成比的新方法。其中CAS为络天青S(Chromeazurols)。

基于CA与MAS的野战装备维修中心选址模型

野战装备维修中心地址的合理选择,是战时装备维修保障系统建设的重要环节。从实际需要和具体应用出发,通过对元胞自动机(CA)与多智能体(MAS)特性的分析,论证了将两者结合应用于野战装备维修中心选址建模与仿真问题的可行性,建立了基于元胞自动机与多智能体相结合的野战装备维修中心选址的环境层和主体层模型,最后应用Netlogo仿真平台,对模型进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,方法能够在距离、维修需求、交通因素等约束条件下,通过构建较为简单的规则模拟系统的演化过程,快速求得较好的选址结果,为战时装备保障体系建设规划提供参考。

基于CA-MAS模型的城市保障房用地演变模拟(英文)

为了模拟保障房用地的演变过程,建立了元胞自动机(CA)和多智能体(MAS)相结合的模型.通过文献综述法,对保障房选址的决策因素进行梳理,构建关于保障房选址决策因素的层次结构模型,运用层次分析法(AHP)得出各层次因素的权重;基于各因素及其权重,建立CA和MAS相结合的模型;最后,以南京市主城区为例,验证模型的可行性.结果表明:CA-MAS模型能够对保障房建设用地进行有效的演化模拟,对于认识、理解保障房的发展和城市化进程具有重要的理论和实践意义.

MA/CA_2复相材料与水泥熟料反应特性研究

随着"铬公害"问题的提出,"无铬化"成为了水泥回转窑烧成带用耐火材料的热点。镁尖晶石砖具有良好的热震稳定性和抗碱、氯、硫侵蚀性等优点,是无铬碱性耐火材料发展的趋势之一,但是其在使用过程中存在粘挂窑皮性能较差的问题。本研究采用自制的MA/CA2复相材料来提高尖晶石粘附水泥熟料能力,通过X射线衍射分析以及扫描电镜分析研究了钙-尖晶石复相材料的性能与显微特征结构及其与水泥熟料高温下反应机理,研究表明MA/CA2复相材料中二铝酸钙能优先于镁铝尖晶石与水泥熟料中组分发生反应,生成钙铝黄长石和铝酸一钙等具有较高熔点物相,在熟料与复相材料之间形成致密反应烧结层,抑制水泥熟料的化学侵蚀与液相渗透,减小MA与水泥熟料的反应程度,提高了MA/CA2复相材料的残余强度。

基于CA/MAS理论的北京市人口发展仿真模型

基于CA/MAS理论,在多智能体仿真平台Swarm2.2上构建北京市人口发展仿真模型,实现从2000年到2005年仿真模型的数据对于2005年的北京市实际抽样调查数据的逐次逼近;并且仿真预测2010年北京市18区县人口分布;由仿真结果可以看出,预测数据与官方统计数据取得了较好的一致,此模型可以实现北京市人口发展的短期预测。

Combined preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 level as a prognostic factor in patients with resected pancreatic cancer

Background: Carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19-9) is the most frequently used tumor marker and serves as a prognostic indicator in patients with pancreatic cancer(PC). The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) is thought to be an inflammation-related serum marker. An elevated PLR represents increased inflammatory status and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with various cancers including PC. Methods: This study involved 103 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatectomy. The patients were assessed to determine the prognostic significance of the combination of the PLR and CA19-9 level. Results: Based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis results, the patients were divided into PLR H igh(PLR ≥ 129.1) andPLRLow(PLR < 129.1) groups and into CA19-9High(CA19-9 ≥ 74.0 U/mL) and CA19-9Low(CA19-9 < 74.0 U/mL) groups. The cumulative 5-year overall survival(OS) and disease-specific survival(DSS) rates significantly differed by both the PLR(PLR H igh group: 19.5% and 22.9%;PLRLow group: 39.1% and 45.9%) and CA19-9(CA19-9 H igh group: 19.1% and 25.6%;CA19-9Low group: 41.0% and 41.0%). We then divided the patients into Groups A(PLR L ow/CA19-9Low), B(PLR Low/CA19-9High or PLRHigh/CA19-9Low), and C(PLR H igh/CA19-9High). The cumulative 5-year OS rates in Groups A, B, and C were 44.0%, 31.9%, and 11.9%, respectively( P = 0.002). The cumulative 5-year DSS rates in Groups A, B, and C were 47.7%, 36.4%, and 16.8%, respectively( P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that the combination of the PLR and CA19-9 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with resected PC. Conclusions: The combination of the PLR and CA19-9 is useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with resected PC.

Seasonal dynamics of N:P ratio stoichiometry and Ca fraction for four dominant plants in the Alxa Desert

Desert plants take on unique physiologically adaptive mechanisms in response to an adverse environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of leaf nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and calcium(Ca) fraction for dominant species of Artemisia ordosica, A. frigida, Calligonum mongolicum, and Oxytropis aciphylla in the Alxa Desert and discussed seasonal changes of their leaf N:P ratio and Ca fraction. The results showed that, from May to September, the N:P ratios of A. ordosica and C. mongolicum gradually and significantly increased, while those of A. frigida, and O. aciphylla had an increase trend that was not significant; the physiologically active Ca of A. ordosica and A. frigida increased significantly,while that of C. mongolicum and O. aciphylla decreased significantly. The physiologically inert calcium of C. mongolicum increased extremely significantly, while that of others was not significant. There was a significantly positive correlation between the N:P ratio and physiologically active Ca for A. ordosica, and the N:P ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with physiologically active Ca for O. aciphylla. These findings revealed that the physiological regulation mechanism was different for the plants either in earlier stage or later stage of plant-community succession.

Preliminary determination of calcium,phosphorus,and the calcium/phosphorus ratio in cortical bone of Chinstrap penguin using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） approach was applied to analyzing of Chinstrap penguin （ Pygoscelis Antarctica） cortical bone. The method enabled the in situ determination of Ca and P concentrations and the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone. The preliminary results show that ： （ 1 ） there is the bone site-related difference for Ca and P concentrations. The mean values for the investigated parameters （ on a dry-weight basis） are： 30.7% （Ca） and 14.9% （P） for the femoral cortical bone, 21.4% （Ca） and 11.5% （P） for wing cortical bone. （2） The variation for the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone is lower than those for Ca and P separately. This is in agreement with the previous report that the specificity of the Ca/P ratio is better than that of Ca and P concentrations and is more reliable for the diagnosis of bone disorders. The authors suggest that further studies be conducted to establish norreal values of Ca, P and Ca/P ratio for polar animals and provide a basis for the diagnosis of bone disorders.

CA-LA-MA-PA-SA/PAN/MWNTs-COOH相变复合纤维膜的结构与热性能

以脂肪酸五元低共熔物(CA-LA-MA-PA-SA)为固-液相变材料,以聚丙烯腈/羧基化多壁碳纳米管(PAN/MWNTs-COOH)复合纤维膜为支撑载体,其中PAN/MWNTs-COOH的质量比例为95/5和90/10,通过物理吸附法制备CA-LA-MA-PA-SA/PAN/MWNTs-COOH定形相变复合纤维膜。系统分析了复合纤维膜的形态结构、相变温度和焓值、储放热速率。SEM观察结果表明CA-LA-MA-PA-SA五元低共熔物被成功地吸附到静电纺PAN/MWNTs-COOH复合纤维膜的多孔网络结构中。DSC测试结果表明制备的纤维膜的相变融化温度和焓值约为19℃和121~129kJ/kg。传热测试结果表明添加MWNTs-COOH后复合纤维膜的储热和放热效率得到显著提高。

Newly Discovered Ca. 163 Ma OIB-Type Diabase Dike from the Shiquanhe Ophiolites, Western Tibet

Objective The Shiquanhe ophiolite is an important tectonic belt in western Tibet. It has been debated whether the Shiquanhe ophiolite represents an allochthonous nappe derived from the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone to the north or the