Th17/Treg balance and macrophage polarization ratio in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

Objective:To explore the balance of peripheral blood T helper 17 cells/regulatory T cell(Th17/Treg)ratio and the polarization ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO).Methods:A rat model of lower extremity ASO was established,and blood samples from patients with lower extremity ASO before and after surgery were obtained.ELISA was used to detect interleukin 6(IL-6),IL-10,and IL-17.Real-time RCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect Foxp3,IL-6,IL-10,and IL-17 expression.Moreover,flow cytometry was applied to detect the Th17/Treg ratio and M1/M2 ratio.Results:Compared with the control group,the iliac artery wall of ASO rats showed significant hyperplasia,and the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased(P<0.01),indicating the successful establishment of ASO.Moreover,the levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in ASO rats were pronouncedly increased(P<0.05),while the IL-10 level was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In addition to increased IL-6 and IL-17 levels,the mRNA and protein levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 in ASO rats were significantly decreased compared with the control group.The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios in the ASO group were markedly increased(P<0.05).These alternations were also observed in ASO patients.After endovascular surgery(such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and arterial stenting),all these changes were significantly improved(P<0.05).Conclusions:The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios were significantly increased in ASO,and surgery can effectively improve the balance of Th17/Treg,and reduce the ratio of M1/M2,and the expression of inflammatory factors.

FAM53B promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization

BACKGROUND Our study investigated the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanisms in promoting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)metastasis.AIM To further investigate the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanism in promoting PDAC metastasis.Our goal is to determine how FAM53B affects macrophage M2 polarization and to define its underlying mechanism in PDAC metastasis.METHODS Cell culture and various experiments,including protein analysis,immunohisto-chemistry,and animal model experiments,were conducted.We compared FAM53B expression between PDAC tissues and healthy tissues and assessed the correlation of FAM53B expression with clinical features.Our study analyzed the role of FAM53B in macrophage M2 polarization in vitro by examining the expression of relevant markers.Finally,we used a murine model to study the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms.RESULTS Our research showed that there was a significant increase in FAM53B levels in PDAC tissues,which was linked to adverse tumor features.Experimental findings indicated that FAM53B can enhance macrophage M2 polarization,leading to increased anti-inflammatory factor release.The results from the mouse model further supported the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis,as blocking FAM53B prevented tumor cell invasion and metastasis.CONCLUSION FAM53B promotes PDAC metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization.This discovery could lead to the development of new strategies for treating PDAC.For example,interfering with the FAM53B signaling pathway may prevent cancer spread.Our research findings also provide important information for expanding our understanding of PDAC pathogenesis.

Wedelolactone attenuates sepsis-associated acute liver injury by regulating the macrophage M1/M2 polarization balance through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway

Background:Liver injury caused by sepsis seriously impairs the normal physiology of the liver.Wedelactone(WED)has an obvious anti-inflammatory effect against liver damage caused by various factors.Nevertheless,further research is needed to determine if WED might mitigate acute liver damage linked to sepsis by influencing macrophage polarization.Methods:We first assessed the effect of WED on lipopolysaccharides-triggered liver injury by biochemistry assay and tissue staining.Inflammatory factors were assessed using the ELISA kits.The expression of Cluster of Differentiation 86(CD86)and Cluster of Differentiation 206(CD206)was measured by immunofluorescence assay.The protein levels of inducible nitric oxide sythase(iNOS),Arginase 1(Arg-1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),PI3K phosphorylation(p-PI3K),AKT phosphorylation(p-AKT),inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK),inhibitor of kappa B(IκB),and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 were quantified by western blot analysis.Results:WED decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and malondialdehyde,and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX).Moreover,WED exerted effective anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the level of Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and Interleukin 6(IL-6)and increasing the level of Interleukin 10(IL-10)in serum and cells.WED not only decreased CD86 and iNOS expression but also increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression.WED also downregulated the increased expression of PI3K,AKT,p-PI3K,p-AKT,IKK,and NF-κB p65 induced by lipopolysaccharides,while up-regulated the decreased expression of IκB.Besides,LY294002 with WED decreased the expression of protein PI3K,AKT,p-PI3K,p-AKT,IKK and NF-κB p65,and raised the expression of IκBα.Conclusion:Wedelolactone could attenuate sepsis-associated acute liver injury,and its mechanism may be associated with balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory by the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Scavenger receptor A-mediated nanoparticles target M1 macrophages for acute liver injury

Acute liver injury(ALI)has an elevated fatality rate due to untimely and ineffective treatment.Although,schisandrin B(SchB)has been extensively used to treat diverse liver diseases,its therapeutic efficacy on ALI was limited due to its high hydrophobicity.Palmitic acid-modified serum albumin(PSA)is not only an effective carrier for hydrophobic drugs,but also has a superb targeting effect via scavenger receptor-A(SR-A)on the M1 macrophages,which are potential therapeutic targets for ALI.Compared with the common macrophage-targeted delivery systems,PSA enables site-specific drug delivery to reduce off-target toxicity.Herein,we prepared SchB-PSA nanoparticles and further assessed their therapeutic effect on ALI.In vitro,compared with human serum albumin encapsulated SchB nanoparticles(SchB-HSA NPs),the SchB-PSA NPs exhibited more potent cytotoxicity on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulated Raw264.7(LAR)cells,and LAR cells took up PSA NPs 8.79 times more than HSA NPs.As expected,the PSA NPs also accumulated more in the liver.Moreover,SchB-PSA NPs dramatically reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling,and significantly relieved inflammatory response and hepatic necrosis.Notably,the high dose of SchB-PSA NPs improved the survival rate in 72 h of ALI mice to 75%.Hence,SchB-PSA NPs are promising to treat ALI.

Protective effects of paeonol on LPS-induced macrophage RAW264.7 injury through TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Objective:To study the protective effect of paeonol on LPS-induced inflammatory injury of macrophage RAW264.7 cells and its mechanism.Methods:Macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into blank group,LPS(1μg/mL)group,paeonol(240μmol/mL)group and TAK242(10μmol/mL)group.The cell activity was detected by CCK8 method,the cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope,the contents of GSH and MDA in cell culture medium were determined by colorimetry,the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 method,the expression distribution of F4/80 and p-NF-κB protein was detected by immunofluorescence method,and the expression of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB related pathway protein was detected by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the blank group,the cell viability induced by 1μg/mL LPS was 0.4972±0.061(P<0.01),which was close to the half inhibition rate.Compared with LPS group,the expression of p-NF-κB protein in 240μmol/mL paeonol pretreated cell group was down-regulated most significantly(P<0.01),and the expression of TLR4 protein was inhibited most significantly in 10μmol/mL TAK242 pretreated cell group.Compared with LPS group(P<0.01),the cell morphology of paeonol group recovered.Decrease MDA content and increase GSH content in cell culture medium(P<0.01),In the results of mitochondrial membrane potential,the red light of paeonol group was significantly enhanced and the green light was significantly weakened(P<0.001).The expression distribution of F4/80 and p-NF-κB protein in paeonol group decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the expressions of TLR4,p-IκB,p-p38,p-JNK and p-NF-κB protein were down-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusion:Paeonol can improve the inflammatory injury of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS,and its mechanism may be related to TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Role of Cyclin D1b in Inducing Macrophages Toward a Tumor-associated Macrophage-like Phenotype in Murine Breast Cancer

Objective:Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)of the M2 phenotype are frequently associated with cancer progression.Invasive cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)have a selective advantage as TAM activators.Cyclin D1b is a highly oncogenic splice variant of cyclin D1.We previously reported that cyclin D1b enhances the invasiveness of breast cancer cells by inducing EMT.However,the role of cyclin D1b in inducing macrophage differentiation toward tumor-associated macrophage-like cells remains unknown.This study aimed to explore the relationship between breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclin Dlb and TAMs.Methods:Mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells were transfected with cyclin D1b variant and co-cultured with macrophage cells in a Transwell coculture system.The expression of characteristic cytokines in differentiated macrophages was detected using qRT-PCR,ELISA and zymography assay.Tumor-associated macrophage distribution in a transplanted tumor was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The proliferation and migration ability of breast cancer cells was detected using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,wound healing assay,Transwell invasion assay,and lung metastasis assay.Expression levels of mRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR.Protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting.The integrated analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)datasets and bioinformatics methods were adopted to discover gene expression,gene coexpression,and overall survival in patients with breast cancer.Results:After co-culture with breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclin D1b,RAW264.7 macrophages were differentiated into an M2 phenotype.Moreover,differentiated M2-like macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells in turn.Notably,these macrophages facilitated the migration of breast cancer cells in vivo.Further investigations indicated that differentiated M2-like macrophages induced EMT of breast cancer cells accompanied with upregulation of TGF-β1 and integrinβ3 expression.Conclusion:Breast cancer cells transfected with cyclin D1b can induce the differentiation of macrophages into a tumor-associated macrophage-like phenotype,which promotes tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo.

Mechanism of Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the treatment of gouty arthritis

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanshi decoction on BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathwaymediated macrophage pyroptosis,so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Sanshi decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:THP-1 was induced into macrophages with foboside and the divided into the control group,model group,low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose group of Sanshi decoction,and BRD4 inhibitor group.Except for the control group,the remaining groups were induced with monosodium urate crystals to construct a gouty arthritis cell model.The activity of macrophages was detected by CCK8,the level of macrophage pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of LDH,the content of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of related proteins in the BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,macrophage activity was decreased in the model group,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,contents of IL-1β and IL-18,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly up-regulated,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Compared with the model group,macrophage activity was up-regulated in the Sanshi Decoction,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,IL-1β and IL-18 contents,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly decreased with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Conclusion:Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation,thus improving the inflammation level of gouty arthritis.

PTHrP促进RANKL诱导巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏

目的:骨质进行性吸收破坏是中耳胆脂瘤最重要的临床特征之一,可导致一系列颅内外并发症,而目前中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制尚未明确。本研究旨在探究甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone-related protein,PTHrP)参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制。方法:收集后天性中耳胆脂瘤患者的25例胆脂瘤标本和13例外耳道正常皮肤组织标本。采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测PTHrP、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-kappa B ligand,RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)在中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中的表达,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色法检测中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中是否存在TRAP阳性多核巨噬细胞。选取小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞进行干预,分为RANKL干预组和PTHrP+RANKL共同干预组,采用TRAP染色法检测2组破骨细胞的生成情况,实时聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR)检测干预后2组破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、组织蛋白酶K(cathepsin K,CTSK)和活化T细胞核因子1(nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1,NFATc1)的mRNA表达水平,骨吸收陷窝实验检测2组破骨细胞的骨吸收功能。结果:免疫组织化学染色结果显示,PTHrP和RANKL在中耳胆脂瘤组织中的表达均显著增高,OPG表达降低(均P<0.05),且PTHrP的表达与RANKL、RANKL/OPG比值均呈显著正相关,与OPG表达呈显著负相关(分别r=0.385、r=0.417、r=-0.316,均P<0.05)。同时,PTHrP、RANKL的表达水平与中耳胆脂瘤的骨破坏程度均呈显著正相关(分别r=0.413、r=0.505,均P<0.05)。TRAP染色结果显示中耳胆脂瘤上皮周围基质中有大量TRAP阳性细胞,并存在细胞核数量为3个或3个以上的TRAP阳性破骨细胞。RANKL或PTHrP+RANKL联合干预5 d后,与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的破骨细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),且破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、CTSK和NFATc1的mRNA表达水平均升高(均P<0.05)。骨吸收陷窝扫描电镜结果显示RANKL干预组、PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面均形成骨吸收陷窝;与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面骨吸收陷窝数量显著增加(P<0.05),面积也更大。结论:PTHrP可能通过促进RANKL诱导胆脂瘤组织周围基质中的巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞,参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏。

免疫细胞及相关细胞因子在骨关节炎发病及治疗中的作用

背景:骨关节炎的发生发展与免疫异常密切相关,各种免疫细胞、免疫介质在骨关节炎发病过程中的重要性不断被阐明。目的:综述免疫细胞及相关细胞因子在骨关节炎发病及治疗中的作用,为今后骨关节炎的研究和防治提供新的思路。方法:以“骨关节炎,膝,巨噬细胞,T细胞,B细胞,自然杀伤细胞,树突状细胞,细胞因子,炎症因子,免疫细胞”“osteoarthritis,knee,macrophages,T cells,B cells,natural killer cells,dendritic cells,cytokines, inflammatory factors,immune cells”为检索词在中国知网、万方、维普和PubMed和Web of Science数据库中检索已发表的相关文献,阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,在阅读全文后,最后选取98篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)既往研究认为骨关节炎发病与软骨磨损相关,近年来研究认为骨关节炎是免疫细胞广泛参与的一种慢性炎性状态,随着对骨关节炎发病机制的深入研究,学者们认为骨关节炎的发病机制是由早期先天免疫反应驱动的,这种免疫反应会逐步催化退行性变,最终导致关节微环境的改变。(2)各种免疫细胞和细胞因子是影响骨关节炎修复的关键因素,其中巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞参与滑膜炎症反应,T细胞免疫反应参与骨关节炎软骨的降解,并加重骨关节炎的病情。(3)免疫细胞分泌的白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素17和白细胞介素37等炎性细胞因子在骨关节炎的病理生理中发挥重要作用,其中白细胞介素1β是造成关节软骨破坏最重要的炎性因子。(4)在骨关节炎病早期阶段对免疫学危险因素进行评估,能够早期有效地进行治疗,可显著降低与骨关节炎相关的残疾、发病率和成本。(5)目前干细胞及其来源外泌体、生物材料进行免疫调节治疗骨关节炎的效果已在不同的实验模型中得到证实,但将其用于临床实践之前仍有大量的实验工作要做,随着新治疗靶点的发现,针对靶点进行相关治疗将为临床骨关节炎修复带来新的希望。

2024年1月23日乌什M_(S)7.1地震序列b值随时间演化特征

选取2024年1月23日乌什M_(S)7.1地震序列目录,利用最大似然法计算该地震序列b值大小,分析震中区b值随时间的演化特征,得到以下认识:①震中区b值在强余震前呈明显下降变化特征,但无法准确评估b值下降后强余震的发生次数;②b值能够反映研究区不同时间的应力水平,对强余震的预测具有一定指示意义。

CCK-8对LPS作用下巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2表达及其协同刺激功能的影响

目的探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对LPS活化的巨噬细胞B7．1和B7．2表达及其协同刺激功能的影响。方法用CCK-8（10^-12～10^-6）mol·L^-1和（或）脂多糖（LPS）孵育小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，采用流式细胞术分析细胞表面B7．1和B7．2含量的变化，用免疫磁珠从小鼠脾细胞分离CD4^＋T细胞，按4：1数量比与腹腔巨噬细胞[预先用LPS、CCK-8和（或）抗B7．1抗体、抗B7．2抗体、CCK1R拮抗剂CR1409、CCK2R拮抗剂CR2945孵育24h]共同体外培养，同时加入ConA5mg·L^-1，采用^3H参入法测定CD4^＋T细胞增殖反映巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。结果CCK-8可以下调LPS诱导的巨噬细胞的B7．1和B7．2表达，抑制LPS活化的巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。CCK-8的作用呈剂量依赖性，最大效应剂量在（10^-7-10^-9）mol·L^-1之间。CR1409及CR2945均能逆转CCK-8的上述作用，且CR1409的作用较CR2945更明显。抗B7．1抗体和抗B7．2抗体可减轻LPS活化的巨噬细胞协同刺激活性。结论CCK-8通过下调LPS诱导的巨噬细胞B7．1和B7．2表达而抑制其协同刺激活性，该作用由CCK1R及CCK2R介导，其中CCK1R起主要介导作用。

肝癌细胞稳定转染B7.1后的免疫学特性

目的探讨赋予肝癌细胞第二信号分子B7.1、增强癌细胞与淋巴细胞之间的识别与激活作用 ,从而达到增强淋巴细胞对肝癌细胞的杀伤或抑制作用。方法利用逆转录方法 ,转染B7.1分子至包装细胞系PA317。筛选获得高滴度的克隆后 ,以病毒上清感染肝癌细胞 ,使其表达B7.1分子 ,最后以LDH释放法测定LAK细胞的细胞毒活性。结果肝癌细胞可稳定表达B7.1分子 ,阳性率达94.3% ,未转染的细胞无表达 ;其所诱发的LAK细胞的细胞毒活性明显强于未转染的肝癌细胞组(P<0.01)。结论B7.1分子在淋巴细胞与癌细胞之间的识别过程中起着重要作用 ,可介导淋巴细胞对癌细胞的粘附和识别 ,从而增强淋巴细胞的杀伤作用。这一结果可为今后进一步深入研究B7.1的作用机制 ,以及与其它细胞因子、粘附分子的相互作用打下基础。

ZnPcS_2P_2介导的光动力疗法联合mGM-CSF、mB7.1基因修饰的瘤苗治疗小鼠淋巴瘤

目的研究两亲性酞菁锌光敏剂ZnPcS2P2介导的光动力疗法(ZnPc-PDT)联合GM-CSF、B7.1基因修饰的EL-4细胞,对小鼠淋巴瘤的抑制作用。方法应用反复多次转染的方法,分别将逆转录病毒pLXSN、pLXSNmGM-CSF、pLXS-NmB7.1导入EL-4细胞,分别命名为EL-4/pLXSN、EL-4/GM和EL-4/B7。进行ZnPc-PDT时,经荷瘤小鼠的尾静脉注射ZnPcS2P2,4h后局部用波长670nm的激光照射瘤体;光源为670nm的半导体激光仪。将40只荷瘤小鼠分为5组,每组8只,即对照组(不做任何处理)、EL-4/B7+EL-4/GM对照组、ZnPc-PDT对照组、ZnPc-PDT+EL-4/pLXSN对照组、ZnPc-PDT+EL-4/B7+EL-4/GM实验组。隔天测量瘤块的大小,观察荷瘤小鼠淋巴瘤的生长情况,并计算瘤块的相对体积(RTV)。观察荷瘤小鼠的生存期及瘤组织的病理学改变。结果实验组的生存率高于各个对照组(P<0.01)。Zn-Pc-PDT组小鼠的生存期略高于EL-4/B7+EL-4/GM组(P=0.01)。结论mB7.1、mGM-CSF基因修饰的瘤苗可显著增强ZnPc-PDT的抗肿瘤效应。

同时表达4-1BBL B7.1及B7.2三个共刺激分子基因小鼠肝癌细胞系的建立和意义

目的:建立同时表达4-1BBL、B7.1及B7.2三个共刺激分子基因小鼠原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)细胞系。方法:将B7.1和B7.2全长cDNA的质粒酶切,构建pcDNA3.1-B7.1-IRES-B7.2重组子,酶切法鉴定。用阳离子脂质体(LipofectamineReagent)将重组子转染H22,经均霉素(Hygromycin,300!g/ml)筛选,阳性克隆命名为H22-CD80/CD86+细胞。逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction,RT-PCR)检测目的基因在H22-CD80/CD86+变异株的表达。采用同样方法将pCI-neo-4-1BBL质粒转入H22-CD80/CD86+细胞,G418筛选,阳性克隆命名为H22-CD80/CD86/CD137L+细胞。流式细胞仪检测三种基因在细胞克隆中的表达。结果:pcDNA3.1-B7.1-IRES-B7.2重组子经酶切鉴定,同时获得B7.1(862bp)和B7.2(984bp)目的基因片段和5.6kbp线性化pcDNA3.1载体片段;重组子测序结果与Genebank中B7.1和B7.2序列相符,证实构建成功。RT-PCR及FCM检测结果显示B7.1、B7.2及4-1BBL基因分别在H22-CD80/CD86+细胞及H22-CD80/CD86/CD137L+细胞中获得稳定、高效联合表达。结论:pcDNA3.1-B7.1-IRES-B7.2重组子构建正确,H22-CD80/CD86/CD137L+变异株可同时稳定表达B7.1、B7.2和4-1BBL三个共刺激分子基因。

GHA预激化疗方案对难治性急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征的疗效及其与共刺激分子B7.1表达的关系

本研究探讨G-CSF联合高三尖杉酯碱(homoharringtonine)和小剂量阿糖胞苷(cytarabine,Ara-C)的GHA预激化疗方案治疗难治性急性髓系白血病(AML)和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的临床疗效和不良反应,寻求高效低毒的新型化疗方案,探索其与共刺激分子B7.1的关系。应用GHA标准预激化疗方案G-CSF[200μg/(m2·d)皮下注射,第1-14天];高三尖杉酯碱[1mg/(m2·d)静脉点滴,第1-14天];阿糖胞苷[10mg/m2,皮下注射,每12小时1次,第1-14天]治疗79例难治性急性髓系白血病和21例骨髓增生异常综合征,与传统MA方案化疗组比较,观察临床疗效和不良反应、治疗相关死亡率并随访。应用免疫荧光法检测各组肿瘤细胞上共刺激分子B7.1的表达并与临床疗效比较。结果表明:GHA预激化疗治疗后难治性AML缓解率60.7%(完全缓解率43%,部分缓解率17.7%),治疗MDS有效率52.4%。粒细胞缺乏发生率25%,平均持续时间3.5天。重症感染发生率3%,无严重出血、消化道反应,心、肝、肾功能损害轻微,患者均痊愈。治疗相关死亡率为零。AML-M2组、AML-M5组完全缓解率较高(60.9%,61.9%),最长持续缓解期已4年。各组肿瘤细胞上共刺激分子B7.1表达阳性率差异较大(0%-66.7%),正常对照组为0,AML-M2组和AML-M5组明显高于其它AML组和正常对照组,且表达率与预激化疗疗效呈正相关。结论:GHA预激化疗方案治疗难治性急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征疗效肯定,不良反应较轻,无严重毒副作用和治疗相关死亡率,无病生存期长,是高效低毒的新型化疗方案。肿瘤细胞上共刺激分子B7.1表达可能与预激化疗疗效有关,其机理尚需进一步研究。

B7.1及SEA基因共转染肝癌细胞的初步研究

目的获得可表达共刺激分子B7.1和超抗原分子SEA的肝癌细胞株，检测其表达。方法用免疫组织化学方法，筛选表达B7.1及SEA的肝癌细胞阳性克隆。用流式细胞仪检测B7.1表达的阳性率，ELISA检测上清中SEA的含量。结果获得表达B7.1和SEA的肝癌细胞株，培养上清中SEA的含量达10～14×10-8g/L。结论建立了免疫细胞在肝癌细胞上的SEA和B7.1联合识别效应系统。

腺病毒载体介导的人类B7.1基因修饰的肿瘤细胞疫苗

为了证明腺病毒载体可做为将Ｂ７基因导入肿瘤细胞的替代载体，达到提高肿瘤细胞疫苗效应的目的，且不存在逆转录病毒载体的局限性，用同源重组的方法构建了表达人类Ｂ７．１ｃＤＮＡ的重组人类５型腺病毒（ＡｄＢ７．１），并用它感染小鼠乳腺癌细胞系ＥＭＦ６和大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞系Ｃ６，检测Ｂ７．１基因在感染过的肿瘤细胞中的表达；用ＡｄＢ７．１感染过的肿瘤细胞给同基因宿主（ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠）接种，观察它们在体内的致瘤性及对肿瘤的防治作用；用５１Ｃｒ－释放法对用各种肿瘤细胞免疫后３周的动物脾淋巴细胞进行ＣＴＬｓ杀伤活性的测定，来检测其细胞免疫活性。结果的Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析表明：ＡｄＢ７．１感染过的肿瘤细胞表达了Ｂ７．１基因。接种／侵袭实验和ＣＴＬｓ杀伤活性的测定实验表明，与野生型肿瘤细胞相比，表达Ｂ７．１的肿瘤细胞在动物体内的致瘤性降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），能诱导针对野生型肿瘤的高水平的系统性免疫应答和细胞毒Ｔ细胞活性，对肿瘤也有一定的防治作用。本研究的结论是，腺病毒载体可代替逆转录病毒载体将Ｂ７．１基因导入肿瘤细胞，提高肿瘤细胞疫苗的抗肿瘤作用。它操作简单，感染效率高。

γ-干扰素诱导Jurkat细胞表达B7.1/CD80、B7.2/CD86分子

目的研究观察γ 干扰素 (γ IFN)诱导Jurkat细胞株表达B7.1、B7.2分子的作用。方法不同浓度的γ IFN体外孵育Jurkat细胞 48h后 ,流式细胞仪检测细胞表达B7.1、B7.2的百分率。结果与对照组相比 ,γ IFN在312 .5～ 10 0 0 0u/ml浓度下有轻微提高Jurkat淋巴白血病细胞表达B7.1、B7.2分子的作用。在 2 5 0 0u/ml浓度时达到高峰 ,B7.1的表达比对照组提高 3.47% ,B7.2表达提高 2 .39% ,B7.1与B7.2双表达提高 1.85 %。结论γ IFN可轻度诱导Jurkat细胞表达B7.1、B7.

小鼠肝癌细胞系Hepa16 B7.1瘤苗抗肿瘤免疫的实验研究

目的 :研究小鼠肝癌细胞系Hepa1 6转染B7.1基因后在体内外抗肿瘤免疫的作用 .方法 :采用脂质体介导的方法用pLXSNB7.1转染PA3 17包装细胞 ,经G4 18筛选出高滴度阳性的细胞克隆 ,以流式细胞仪检测B7.1分子的表达情况 ;用所获病毒上清进一步感染Hepa1 6细胞 ,观察转染B7.1基因后Hepa1 6细胞作为肿瘤疫苗在体内外诱发抗肿瘤免疫的情况 .结果 :Hepa1 6/B7.1高表达B7.1分子 ,其致瘤性明显降低 ,接种小鼠后成瘤率为 2 0 % ,而亲代Hepa1 6细胞成瘤率为 10 0 % .转B7.1基因肿瘤细胞疫苗可抑制肿瘤生长速度 ,延长荷瘤小鼠生存期 ;且转B7.1基因肿瘤细胞疫苗具有保护性免疫反应 .结论 :转B7.

B7.1基因的表达对肝癌细胞生物学特性的影响

目的 观察B7 1基因表达对肝癌细胞增殖特性的影响及诱发杀伤性T淋巴细胞 (CTL)细胞毒活性的变化。方法 用细胞计数法和流式细胞仪 (FCM)测定细胞生长曲线、DNA含量及细胞周期的变化。同时测定CTL对转染B7 1基因前后肝癌细胞的细胞毒作用。结果 转染B7 1基因后 ,肝癌细胞的增殖受到一定影响 :生长延缓、增殖幅度降低和倍增时间延长。CTL对转染B7 1基因的肝癌细胞杀伤明显增强。结论 转染B7 1基因的肝癌细胞出现了一定的增殖抑制现象 ,提示B7